S4C Mathematics

6.1 & 6.3 Trigonometric Ratios of any Angles & Trigonometric Relations
y
Definition. If P(a , b) is a point on the unit circle and  is the angle of rotation of OP.
Then
sin   P(a , b)  
cos  O
x

tan  

Here trigonometry ratios are defined on the unit circle. In your textbook, they are defined on circle centred at the origin
with radius r. Note that the definitions are equivalent. (Why?)

90
Trigonometric ratios of 0, 90, 180, 270, 360 … y

 0 90 180 270 360

sin 
180 O
x 0

cos

tan  270

Signs of the trigonometric ratios of angles in different quadrants:

y

II I

x
O

III IV

Quick Check.
1. Complete the following tables.
Quadrant in which  lies sin  cos tan 
(a) I

(b) positive negative

(c) negative negative

(d) positive negative

2. Find the values of sin  , cos and tan  in the figure.

Book. Ex.6.1 #1-7, 14-15

Trigonometric Identities.

Consider angles in different quadrants.

(A) Angles  , 180   , 180   , 360   and 
(B) Angles 90   , 90   , 270   and 270  

(A) Angles  , 180   , 180   , 360   and 

Quad. I :
y

sin  
 (a , b)
 x
cos 
O
tan  

Quad. II :
y
180   sin 180    

x
cos 180    
O

tan 180    

Quad. III :
y
180   sin 180    

x
cos 180    
O

tan 180    

Quad. IV :
y
360   sin  360    
or 

x
cos  360    
O

tan  360    
Quick Check.
1. Without using a calculator, find the values of the following expressions. Leave the answers in surd form if necessary.
5
(a) Given that sin   and cos  0 . Find the values of cos and tan  .
13
Rough work:

5
(b) Given that cos    and sin   0 . Find the values of sin  and tan  .
13
Rough work:

1
(c) Given that cos   . Find the values of sin  and tan  .
3
Rough work:

(d) Given that tan   2 . Find the values of sin  and sin   cos .

Rough work:

2. Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios without using a calculator. Leave your answers in surd form if
necessary.
(a) tan120 1. Determine which quadrant does
the angle lie in.
2. Express the angle as
(in quad. II)

(b) sin 225 (in quad. III)

(in quad. VI)
3. Use the trigonometric identities
to find the value of the
trigonometric ratio.
(c) cos 690

Book. Ex.6.1 #8-13, 16-22, Ex.6.2 #4-8, 27-30

Trigonometric identities.
For any angles  , we have
sin  1 sin  cos  cos 
1. tan    1  1 
cos tan  cos sin  sin 
2
 sin   sin 2 
tan 2     
 cos  cos 
2

2. sin 2   cos 2   1 sin 2   1  cos 2 

cos 2   1  sin 2 
Note : sin 2    sin    sin  2
2

Quick Check.
1. Simplify each of the following expressions.
(a) cos 180    cos   

(b) sin  360    sin 180   

tan 180   
(c)
sin  360   

sin 180   
(d)  tan 180    cos  90   
tan  360   

(e) cos   180  tan   180 

Book. Ex.6.3 #9-18

(B) Angles 90   , 90   , 270   and 270  

Quad. I :
y
90   sin  90    

cos  90    
x
O

tan  90    

Quad. II :
y
90   sin  90    

cos  90    
x
O

tan  90    

Quad. III :
y
270   sin  270    

cos  270    
x
O

tan  270    

Quad. IV :
y
270   sin  270    

cos  270    
x
O

tan  270    

Note that when dealing with these angles, we may alternatively reduce the angles to the form in part (A) and then
simplify the trigonometric ratios. For example,
cos  90     cos 180    where   90  
  cos 
  cos  90   
  cos 
Quick Check.
2
1. Given that cos    , where 0    180 . Using the trigonometric identities, find the values of sin  and
3
tan  270    . Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.

2. Simplify each of the following expressions.

sin 180   
(a) cos  270    
tan 180   
1 1
(b) 
1  cos  90    1  cos  270   
3. Prove each of the following identities.
(a) sin    cos  90     cos 2 180     1

cos  270    1
(b)   tan 2   
tan 180    cos    sin  270   
2

sin  360    1
(c)  tan  90    
cos 180    sin    cos  270   

Book. Ex.6.3 #19-22, 31-37