MIDTERM EXAM
What is the value of an upright plane in
a landscape?
Darkest
Who was the master of Charles Bargue?
Gerome
Why does the artist intentionally creates
a lost edge in a painting?
To Create Drama
What type of edge created as result of 2
slightly contrasting values?
Soft
What type of edge created as result of 2
values within the same value range?
lost
What is called the darkest part in a
shadow?
Close Shade
What type of edge created when the
geometric form is a cube?
Sharp
Does perspective help create depth in
art? Yes or no
What temperature in color that recedes?
Cool
What is the color temperature of an
open shade?
Cool
What is the tonal value of a sky plane in
a landscape?
Lightest
What type of edge created when the
edge is around the cheek bone?
Soft
What is the color temperature of a
reflected light?
Cool
What is an example of a tertiary color
below?
Yellow Orange
What type of edge created as result of 2
high contrasting values?
Hard
What technique is called where you
close your eyes in half to see the image
grouped in 3 different values?
Squinting
What type of edge created when the
geometric form is a sphere?
Soft
4 planes of the landscape

1. Sky Plane
2. Ground Plane
3. Diagonal Plane
4. Vertical/Upright Plane

Sky Plane
 LIGHTEST VALUE
- SKY
- NOT all the time that it is the lightest value
- The sun is the source of light which is the brightest.
- The sky diffuses the harmful rays of light.
- Even if its stormy, the sky plane is still the lightest

Ground Plane
 LIGHT VALUE
- GROUND
- MOST of the time it is brighter than the sky plane but not ALWAYS.
- If the sun is behind something and the sky is blue-r and the ground plane is like sand or
gravel, that would be the time it would be lighter.
- Even if its stormy, the ground plane is still second to lightest.

Diagonal Plane
 DARK VALUE
- MOUNTAINS
- NOT always the darkest value because its slanting
- Somewhat like the ground plane, although its brightness is diminishing.

Vertical/Upright Plane
 DARKEST VALUE
- TREES
- The foliage only gets to be hit by the light.
- Things below the foliage don’t get hit by the light.

Art Fundamentals in drawing and painting

 Artistic License – push through the things we want to push with, exaggerate things we wanted to
exaggerate.
 Squinting – simplifies the value of the image, grouping them into families of light, middle and
dark tones to significantly lessen the details of the image. (DON’T SQUINT IF YOU WANT
ACCURATE COLOR)
3 types of edges

1. Sharp/Hard
2. Soft
3. Lost

Sharp/Hard Edge
 LIGHT VS DARK
- Edge is created when it is a result of 2 high contrasting values.
- Edge of the geometric form has sudden planar shifts. (Cube, pyramid, edge of the table etc.)
Soft Edge
 LIGHT VS MID TONE, MID TONE VS DARK
- (Mid tone can also be mid tone vs mid tone, when the other value is either slightly lighter or
darker)
- Edge is created when it is a result of 2 slightly contrasting values.
- Edge of the geometric form is rounded. (Sphere, the rounded part of the cylinder, cheek bone
etc.)
Lost Edge
 LIGHT VS LIGHT, MID TONE VS MID TONE, DARK VS DARK
 Edge is created when it is a result of 2 values within the same value range.
 The artist intentionally looses the edge to create drama.

Charles Bargue drawing system

 The Bargue plates are series of drawings created by French Master Artist Jean-Leon Gerome
 Prints of drawings created by lithographer Charles Bargue were produced specifically to teach
all art students in France how to draw from observation
 These plates set the standard for art instruction in the 19th century Western Art Academies. (The
prints were reprinted ‘round 2000’s and became the foundation for learning classical drawing).

Ways to create depth in Art

 Values
 Edges
 Contrast – if the image is further away, it’ll lessen its contrast
 Perspective – if its farther, it becomes smaller than you, if its closer to you, it becomes bigger
 Color

Color Wheel
Primary Colors
 Red, Blue and Yellow
- Basic colors that can be mixed to created other colors, CANNOT be created by mixing other
colors
Secondary Colors
 Green, Orange, and Violet (Purple)
- Colors that are created by mixing two primary colors
Tertiary/Intermediate Colors
 Yellow Orange, Red Orange, Red Violet, Blue Violet, Blue Green, and Yellow Green
- Colors are created by mixing a primary color and a secondary color next to it in the color
wheel

Color Temperature
 Warm Colors advances while Cool Colors recede
- Use warm colors to pull areas forwards, cool colors to fade parts into the distance
 Cool Colors – Green, Blue Green, Blue Violet, Violet
 Warm Colors – Yellow, Yellow Orange, Orange, Red Orange, Red
 Transition Colors – Yellow Green and Red Violet

Light & Shade Tonal Value Color Temperature

Highlight Lightest Cool
Direct Light Light Warm
Open Shade Dark Cool
Close Shade Darkest Warm
Reflected Light Middle Tone Cool/Warm