Extra High Value Feature

NETWORK ENGINEERING

TDD Massive MIMO

LTE2666 Massive MIMO
LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz Support

Network Engineering Information

1 © Nokia 2018
TDD Massive MIMO
Table of contents

Introduction Technical Benefits and Inter –

Details Gains dependencies
Motivation and Feature Detailed Functionality
Simulation, Lab and Interdependencies with
Overview Description
Field Findings other features and
functions
1

Configuration Deployment Dimensioning Performance

Management Aspects Aspects Aspects
Parameters and Activation, Configuration Dimensioning Impacts Counters and KPIs,
Parameterization Examples, Fault Mgmt, and Examples Feature Impact Analysis
Scenarios Trial Area and Verification

4 © Nokia 2018
TDD Massive MIMO

Introduction

Table of contents

<chapter:introduction>

5 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
TDD Massive MIMO features structure (1/5 and still growing)
- LTE2666 Massive MIMO (subject of current
NEI) BASIC feature*

- LTE3463 DL MU-MIMO for massive MIMO, up to 8 streams

(webNEI) Basic Multi User in DL

- LTE3469 AirScale site configuration for Massive MIMO

(webNEI) Configuration

- LTE3953 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B38 80W AAHD

- LTE3809 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B40 80W AANA
- LTE4084 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B40 120W AANB Hardware
- LTE3452 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W AAHB
- LTE3738 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W AAHC

* each extension of
BASIC LTE2666
TD-LTE18 feature applies to
all mMIMO features

T D D M a s s i v e M I M O
6 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
TDD Massive MIMO features structure (2/5 and still growing)
- LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10Mhz Support (subject of current Extension of BASIC
NEI) LTE2666*
- LTE4427 DL MU-MIMO for massive MIMO, up to 16 streams
(webNEI) Extension of Multi User in
- LTE3464 UL MU-MIMO for massive MIMO, up to 8 streams (webNEI) DL,
Multi User in UL
- LTE3690 DL CA for massive MIMO (webNEI) & UL/DL CA
- LTE3691 UL CA for massive MIMO (webNEI)

- LTE4630 10MHz configuration for TD-LTE mMIMO (webNEI)

Configuration
- LTE4298 3 carrier or 3 sector configuration for mMIMO (webNEI)

- LTE4576 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W AAHE

- LTE4590 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B43 200W AEQD Hardware
- LTE4672 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W AAHF

* each extension of
BASIC LTE2666
TD-LTE18SP feature applies to
all mMIMO features

T D D M a s s i v e M I M O
7 © Nokia 2018
 Introduction
TDD Massive MIMO features structure (3/5 and still growing)
- LTE4573 TDD massive MIMO DL 256QAM and UL64QAM Extension of BASIC
(webNEI) LTE2666*

TD-LTE18A mMP - LTE4655 TDD 32TRX massive MIMO (webNEI) LTERLCR-27092

(commercial)
- LTE4557-A TDD TM9 support for massive MIMO (webNEI)

- LTE4659 32Tx32Rx configuration with split mode for TDD mMIMO

(webNEI) Configuration

- LTE4845 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W AAHJ Hardware

same branch as

* each extension of
BASIC LTE2666
TD-LTE18A feature applies to
all mMIMO features

T D D M a s s i v e M I M O
8 © Nokia 2018
 Introduction
TDD Massive MIMO features structure (4/5 and still growing)
- LTE4567 TDD Massive MIMO Capacity boost (webNEI) Extension of BASIC
LTE2666*
- LTE4655 TDD 32TRX massive MIMO (webNEI)
Second 32TRx for LTE LTERLCR-25482

TD-LTE19 PT1
- LTE4557-B TDD TM9 support for massive MIMO (webNEI) LTERLCR-27092
- LTE5107 TDD TM9 MU-MIMO support for massive MIMO
(webNEI)

- LTE4659 32Tx32Rx configuration with split mode for TDD mMIMO

Second 32TRx for LTE
(webNEI)
LTERLCR-25482 Configuration

* each extension of
BASIC LTE2666
TD-LTE19 feature applies to
all mMIMO features

T D D M a s s i v e M I M O
9 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
TDD Massive MIMO features structure (5/5 and still growing)
Extension of BASIC
- LTE4671 TDD massive MIMO on ABIC (webNEI) LTE2666*
- LTE5116 TDD massive MIMO 32TRx on ABIC (webNEI)

- LTE4759 HW activation (HWA) licenses for mMIMO (no

webNEI) **HWA License

**HWA-Hardware
Activation

* each extension of
BASIC LTE2666
TD-LTE19A feature applies to
all mMIMO features

T D D M a s s i v e M I M O
10 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
Considered features in brief

THIS NEI complex covers following features:

• LTE2666 Massive MIMO (TDD-LTE18)

basic feature introducing support for Single User (SU) Massive MIMO (mMIMO) for 20MHz
deployment only

• LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz Support (TDD-LTE18SP)

extension of mMIMO platform introducing support for 10MHz deployment

11 © Nokia 2018
 Symbol received
Introduction
1.5

1
by RX antenna 1
MIMO Principle 0.5

Symbol received
0

-0.5

by RX antenna 2
-1

MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output -1.5

• different symbols are sent by transmit antennas in the

same time and frequency
• as symbols propagate over the wireless channel, their
phase and amplitude changes according to the channel
coefficients
• channel between each pair of the TX and RX antennas is
different due to different propagation conditions

x1 TX
h11
y1 • channel coefficients are obtained from
antenna
port 0 h21
RX1 DL reference symbols (FDD) or uplink
x1 sounding in reciprocal channels (TDD)
h12 y1  h11 x1  h12 x2
x2 • receiver needs to solve a set of linear
h22 y2  h21 x1  h22 x2 equations to obtain the transmitted
x2 TX symbols
antenna
RX2
port 1
y2
Wireless channel coefficients
12 © Nokia 2018 (known from Reference Signal)
Introduction
Multiuser MIMO Principle …having a large
number of
antennas on UE is
not practical
• in theory, maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers is
defined by the smaller number of RX or TX antennas in the
link:
𝑀𝐼𝑀𝑂 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = min(𝑁𝑡𝑥 , 𝑁𝑟𝑥 )
• in reality having large number of antennas on UE is not
practical – increased cost of device, energy consumption,
limited antenna packing space, favorable channel condition
less frequent

• multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) allows scheduling UEs

on same time and frequency resources
• favorable channel conditions always met since close
antenna packing is no longer an issue with multiple
UEs
• better spectral efficiency (bit/s/Hz) than Single User
MIMO (SU-MIMO)
13 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
What is massive MIMO technology (1/2)?
AAS*

• Massive MIMO (mMIMO) is the extension of traditional

MIMO technology to antenna arrays having a large higher
number (>>8) of controllable antenna elements energy
concentratio
n
• utilization of larger number of antenna elements for
signal transmission toward only one UE enables high lower level of
interference
degree of energy concentration in space as narrower
beam is possible to be created legacy antenna
system
• higher energy concentration (narrower beam) brings
SINR improvement as:
- increased signal strength is provided to the UE lower energy
location concentratio
n
- less power is spread in other directions causing lower
level of interference higher level
of
interference
14 © Nokia 2018
* Adaptive Antenna System
Introduction
individually
What is massive MIMO technology (2/2)? controlled downtilt
AAS

• moreover utilization of larger number of antenna

elements for signal transmission toward only one UE
enables beam’s position to be controlled in 3D
(mMIMO enables 3D beamforming)
• 3D beamforming enables downtilt of a beam to be
received signal strength
controlled individually (no more fixed downtilts) improvement due to reduced level of inter-cell-interference
tuned downtilt
• individually controlled downtilt enables
fixed downtilt legacy antenna
- substantial reduction of inter-cell-interference system
- improvement of received signal strength
• 3D beamforming is controlled through so called Beam
Forming vector (BF vector)

NO improvement of high level of inter-cell-interference

received signal strength

15 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
What is MU-MIMO for mMIMO technology (1/2)?
LTE2666

• mMIMO antenna (MAA, AAS) is capable to produce

more then just one narrow beam
• moreover, each beam can be independently controlled
in 3D (a dedicated Beam Forming vector is associated
with each beam)
only one beam/UE is
• as one beam can potentially serve one UE, that supported
means more UEs can be simultaneously served by
mMIMO antenna AAS capabilities
• the exact number of served UEs depends on:
- the size of an AAS antenna array (number of UEs
should be smaller than number of elements in an
antenna array – usually an order of magnitude)
- the signal processing capabilities of hardware just
behind mMIMO antenna array mMIMO AAS is capable to produce
more than just one beam
each beam can potentially serve one
16 © Nokia 2018 UE
Introduction
What is MU-MIMO for mMIMO technology (2/2)?

• when all UEs are placed in distinct locations (are

spatially separated) and each UE is served by MU-MIMO for mMIMO
dedicated narrow beam, AAS antenna array can technology
distinguish them (UEs are considered to be spatially
orthogonal)
• under such circumstances UEs no longer have to be
allocated with different (orthogonal) time and frequency
resources (PRBs), UEs can reuse same PRBs
• that in general means that PRBs are not distributed
among UEs but simultaneously reused instead – as a
result each UE can be (at least potentially) allocated
with all available PRBs
• from that point of view number of available PRBs is
multiplied by the number of UEs – this is how mMIMO
can provide Multiuser Gain

17 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
Channel Hardening in Massive MIMO

Is Massive MIMO just MU-MIMO with extra antennas?

What is fundamentally different?
• with more transmit antennas, fast fading gradually disappears. This
effect is called channel hardening in mMIMO literature
• this effect, plus favorable propagation conditions made available
by massive antenna array take MU-MIMO to the ultimate
performance level in practical radio conditions

• radio channel becomes flat in frequency domain -> less gain from
frequency scheduling
• system design could be simplified resulting in lower latencies

18 © Nokia 2018
 Number of terminals (K)
Introduction
TDD/FDD Aspects of Massive MIMO TDD

• as in traditional closed loop MIMO, in mMIMO

channel knowledge is needed at the transmitter as well:
− TDD can use channel reciprocity
− FDD uses improved 3GPP Release 13/14 feedback Number of antennas (M)

• TDD is better suitable for Massive MIMO than FDD *Illustrative only.
*Assuming same % of pilot overhead.

1 5 UL SRS
1 5 CSI-RS
In TDD, radio pilot In FDD overhead depends both
2 6 overhead depends on on the number of the antennas
the number of spatially 2 6 and the number of spatially
3 7 multiplexed UEs. It does multiplexed UEs.
not depend on the 3 7
Reciprocit Therefore spectral efficiency of
4 8 number of the antennas. FDD mMIMO is limited compared
y granted
in TDD 4 8 to that of TDD.
PMI

19 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
Before & after LTE2666

Before After
• Network uses 8T8R beamforming in horizontal domain • mMIMO Active Antenna (AAS) in place
only • Extended capacity and coverage due to 3D
beamforming
• More mMIMO features possible with SW upgrade

20 © Nokia 2018
Introduction
Before & after LTE4566

Before
• mMIMO Active Antenna (AAS) in place
• Extended capacity and coverage due to 3D
beamforming
• More mMIMO features possible with SW upgrade
• only 20MHz bandwidth supported by LTE2666
After
• mMIMO Active Antenna (AAS) in place
• Extended capacity and coverage due to 3D
beamforming
• More mMIMO features possible with SW upgrade
• 10MHz bandwidth supported

21 © Nokia 2018
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Technical Details

Table of contents

<chapter:technical_details>

22 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
LTE2666 Massive MIMO Active Antenna Array
• LTE2666 works with Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) provided in Introduction part
• first AAS supported by LTE2666 was LTE3452 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W
AAHB
• basic configuration is as per LTE3469 AirScale site configuration for Massive MIMO LTE2763
Fronthaul
Passive
• LTE3452 features: WDM
− Integrated antenna Q
S
− 120W total output power at 2.6GHz Band (3GPP TDD B41) F
9.8G P
− 64 TRXs driving 128 antenna elements, transmitting 1.875W per TRX 1
w/IQC ID CWDM
+
2 MUX/
3
ABIA#1
− Instantaneous bandwidth 60MHz at 2.6GHz Band (up to 3xLTE20) 4
5
DEMUX
(1830 VWM)
Q
6
S carrier1
1 AAHB
2 F
ASIA ABIA#2 3 64T64R
4 P
•
5
LTE3469 features: 6 +

− one 20 MHz carrier requires 2x ABIA cards Q

S
− 4 CPRI links required per carrier Optical F
P
interface,
− physical layer from 64TXRX fully processed in baseband module +
supporting
4x 9.8Gbps
CPRI link
23 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz Support
• LTE4566 works with Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) provided in Introduction part
• first AAS supported by LTE4566 was LTE3452 AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W
AAHB
• basic configuration is as per LTE4630 10MHz configuration for TD-LTE mMIMO

• LTE3452 features:
− Integrated antenna
− 120W total output power at 2.6GHz Band (3GPP TDD B41)
− 64 TRXs driving 128 antenna elements, transmitting 1.875W per TRX
− Instantaneous bandwidth 60MHz at 2.6GHz Band (up to 3xLTE20)
LTE2763
Fronthaul
Optical
• LTE4630 features: Passive
interface,
WDM
− one 10 MHz carrier requires 2x ABIA cards (same as for 20MHz) supporting
4x 9.8Gbps
− 4 CPRI links required per carrier
CPRI link
− physical layer from 64TXRX fully processed in baseband module

24 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz Support
• in opposition to LTE2666, LTE4566 is supposed to covers not only SU-MIMO use cases, however…
• LTE4566 deployment took place after deployment of features extending LTE2666 capabilities
• in fact LTE4566 is modification of basic LTE2666 feature only, however due to that has effect on each feature that bases on LTE2666
• to avoid necessity of updating a grate number of other mMIMO features, this update was included into the scope of LTE4566
• that is why MU-MIMO functionality is in the LTE4566 scope as well

• that means LTE4566 covers:

- DL MU-MIMO for mMIMO (LTE3463 in case of 20MHz bandwidth)
- DL MU-MIMO for mMIMO 16 layers (LTE4427 in case of 20MHz bandwidth)
- UL MU-MIMO for mMIMO (LTE3464 in case of 20MHz bandwidth)

• however, the range in which LTE4566 covers MU-MIMO functionality is limited only to the bandwidth
• that means that in order to activate any of MU-MIMO scenario in 10MHz network, relevant 20MHz feature has to be activated prior LTE4566
activation
• LTE4566 will only narrow the bandwidth to 10MHz

25 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
PDSCH beamforming

• LTE2666/LTE4566 is based on Rel.9 UEs. Transmission to

the UE in the DL is done using 3GPP Transmission Mode 8
(TM8)

• long term beamforming weights per UE are calculated

based on the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) symbols
sent by the UE periodically in the UL. They are then used to
transmit up to 2 beamformed spatially multiplexed streams
to the UE

• broadcast and common control channels are not

beamformed
Reciprocity granted in TDD
• LTE2666/LTE4566 bases on beamforming algorithm that
was introduced by the legacy feature LTE541 Dual Stream
Beamforming (webNEI)

26 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
Broadcast (sector) beam
User beam

• broadcast, common control channels and cell reference

symbols are transmitted via sector beam. Sector beam
radiation pattern is made wide enough (e.g.900 beam width)
to provide coverage in the cell for the radio channels that
cannot or must not be beamformed User beam
• sector beam will also be used for non-beamformed UE
dedicated PDSCH transmissions (e.g. TM2, TM3)

• sector beam weights are stored in the sector beamforming

weight profiles, defined in both vertical and horizontal
plane
Broadcast
beam
• there are 20 predefined beamforming profiles defined for
LTE2666/LTE4566

• in LTE2666/LTE4566 electrical tilt of the sector beam is

realized also by means of beamforming profile selection

27 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
Broadcast beam: 64T64R antenna deployment

• according to the antenna deployment picture on the

right, antenna Id #0 and #1 belong to a same
sub-array and they will have a same Sector
Beamforming Weight. Antenna IDs table is
shown below:

48, 49 50, 51 52, 53 54, 55 56, 57 58, 59 60, 61 62, 63

32, 33 34, 35 36, 37 38, 39 40, 41 42, 43 44, 45 46, 47
16, 17 18, 19 20, 21 22, 23 24, 25 26, 27 28, 29 30, 31
0, 1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 7 8, 9 10, 11 12, 13 14, 15

• the two antennas that are in the same antenna group

have different polarizations

28 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
Broadcast beam: how sector beams are made

• sector beam weights are complex numbers, that are defined in terms of modulus and phase for each of 8
horizontal and 4 vertical antenna group.

• individual antenna group weight is obtained by multiplying vertical and horizontal modules of an antenna element
and adding their respective phases:
modulusOfAntGrp6H
phaseOfAntGrp6H

48, 49 50, 51 52, 53 54, 55 56, 57 58, 59 60, 61 62, 63

modulusOfAntGrp2V 32, 33 34, 35 36, 37 38, 39 40, 41 42, 43 44, 45 46, 47
phaseOfAntGrp2V 16, 17 18, 19 20, 21 22, 23 24, 25 26, 27 28, 29 30, 31
0, 1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 7 8, 9 10, 11 12, 13 14, 15

FinalModulusForAntGrp[i*8 + j] = ModulusOfVerticalForAntGrp[i] * ModulusOfHorizontalForAntGrp[j];

FinalPhaseForAntGrp[i*8 + j] = PhaseOfVerticalForAntGrp[i] + PhaseOfHorizontalForAntGrp[j];

29 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
Broadcast beam: how to configure broadcast beam

• sector beamforming profiles are either predefined or

customized Predefined sector beam profiles:
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(0)
• they are selected by setting Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(1)
LNCEL_TDD:mMimoSectorBFProfName parameter Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(2)
to a specific sector beam profile name Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(3)
• vertical sector beam tilt adjustment is based on Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(4)
selecting one of the predefined profiles. In LTE2666 Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(5)
vertical tilt is processed by the baseband, there is no Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(6)
additional Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) function. Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(7)
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(8)
• additionally to the predefined profiles, customer can
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(-1)
configure up to 20 additional sector beam profiles.
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(-2)
High Building-0

30 © Nokia 2018
Technical Details
Uplink Receiver

• Uplink receiver structure is optimized for complexity caused by large scale of antennas
• Uplink PUSCH algorithm is based on 4RX IRC receiver as specified in LTE936 considering balance
between performance and complexity
• a large scale antenna data is split to 4 virtual antennas. Pre-combined data from these virtual antennas
is the input of traditional type receiver
• Pre-combining is done based on the long term beamforming weights obtained from SRS

DL long term beamforming Beamforming weight

weights calculation calculation based on
SRS
IQ samples from
64 RX antennas
SRS, Pre- 4RX IRC
FFT channel combiner receiver
estimation (LTE936)

mMIMO AAS AirScale system module IQ samples from 4

virtual RX antennas
31 © Nokia 2018
 Technical Details
PUSCH Receiver: Internal Structure

FFT, Pre- FFT, Pre-

AxC
AxC
-45

16
+45 16 combiner 4RX IRC
combiner

Receiver

4 AxC
ABIA #1 Pool 1 ABIA #1 Pool 2

ABIA #2 Pool 1 ABIA #2 Pool 2

FFT, Pre- FFT, Pre-

AxC

AxC
+45
16

-45

16
combiner combiner

- Get one 16x1 pre-coding vector in each DSP pool for each user based on covariance matrix
- 1 AxC output for each user from each pre-combiner
- Extra processing power will be used in later release for UL MU-MIMO for Massive MIMO (LTE3464)

32 © Nokia 2018
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Benefits and Gains

Table of contents

<chapter:benefits_and_gains>

33 © Nokia 2018
Benefits and Gains
LTE2666 System Level Simulations Single User DL MIMO

Mobile Users within 3D-UMa Cells (Macro Downlink cell throughput

scenario) with Buildings 60000

• Full Buffer traffic 50000

+115%
+113%

Throughput [kbps]
• TM8 40000
+40% +59%
+136%

• SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO (8 users) 30000 +56%

• Reference scenario: 8TX 20000

10000

0
Source: Network Engineering system level simulations UMa (no buildings) UMa UMi

8Tx SU 64Tx SU 64Tx MU

There is about 40% - 59% gain (depending on

scenario) in downlink cell throughput after
switching from 8Tx to 64Tx.

34 © Nokia 2018
Benefits and Gains
LTE2666 Static User Locations within 3D-UMi-LoS (microcell, line of sight)

Downlink • stationary users experience more stable channel

25 16 and therefore channel estimates are more reliable.
This is reflected in spectral efficiency gain, and
14
Spectrum efficiency (bit/s/Hz)

eventually to higher DL cell throughput

20
12 • please note, that simulations shown here are for

# layers per PRB

15 10 massive MU-MIMO case, gain for single user is
not shown, however similar quantitative impact is
8
expected also for SU-MIMO case
10 20.2 20.6
6
13.6 4
5
2
2.57
0 0
8Tx 64Tx 64Tx 128Tx
single user 4 users 8 users 8 users

Spectrum efficiency (bit/s/Hz) # layers per PRB

Source: https://sharenet-ims.int.net.nokia.com/livelink/livelink/overview/D550070418

35 © Nokia 2018
 Benefits and Gains
LTE2666 Mobile Users, uplink

• single user UL throughput gain is about 30%

compared to 8T8R.
• in case of 8T8R the receiver is 8RX IRC, which
should outperform 4RX IRC used by LTE2666, all
other things considered equal. However in case of
8T8R there are only 8 active antenna elements. In
case of 64T64R pre-combining over four groups of
16 antennas in the mMIMO AAS is able to
compensate for lower IRC receiver complexity, and
bring an additional gain.
• please see Technical Details section for more
information on the uplink receiver in LTE2666.
Source: https://sharenet-ims.int.net.nokia.com/Overview/D551644206

36 © Nokia 2018
Benefits and Gains
Peak cell throughput comparison for 10MHz and 20MHz massive MIMO

Uplink Downlink
Feature
peak L1 target peak L1 target

LTE2666 9.996 Mbps 92.0 Mbps

LTE4566 4.680 Mbps 46.13 Mbps

UL settings DL settings
transmission mode – TM1 transmission mode - TM8
MCS - MCS24 MCS - MCS28
SSF config – any SSF config – 7
Frame Config – 2 Frame Config – 2
Rank – 1 Rank – 2
Layer – 1
37 © Nokia 2018
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Interdependencies

Table of contents

<chapter:interdependencies>

38 © Nokia 2018
Interdependencies

Following features are prerequisites for LTE2666 and LTE4566

prerequisites
• LTE3452 AAU TD-LTE massive MIMO AAS 64T64R B41 120W AAHB
• LTE3469 AirScale TDD-LTE site configuration for Massive MIMO
These features cover 64T64R Massive MIMO AAS and baseband
configuration
• LTE541 Dual Stream Beamforming
LTE2666 bases on the hybrid DL beamforming algorithm introduced by
LTE541

39 © Nokia 2018
Interdependencies
Following features are not supported with LTE2666 and LTE4566
limitations
• LTE1089: Downlink carrier
aggregation - 20 MHz
• LTE1103: Load based Power
Saving for multi-layer networks
• LTE1130: Dynamic PUCCH
allocation
• LTE1203: Load based Power
Saving with Tx path switching off
• LTE1709: Liquid Cell
40 © Nokia 2018
• LTE1987: Downlink Adaptive
Closed Loop SU MIMO (4x4)
• LTE2733: Baseband pooling
• LTE48: Support of High Speed
Users
• LTE495: OTDOA
• LTE73: UL MU MIMO 4RX
• LTE993: Cell Combination (Super
cell)
Interdependencies

Following functionalities are not supported with LTE2666 and LTE4566

limitations
• LTE2479 256 QAM in downlink
• LTE1691 UL CoMP for 4RX
• LTE2462 Coordinate Scheduling for Beamforming Interference Avoidance
• LTE1929 UL SPS Scheduler
• LTE1117 LTE eMBMS
• LTE1113 eICIC
• LTE180 Large cell radius
• PRACH format 4

41 © Nokia 2018
Interdependencies

Following functionalities extends capabilities of LTE2666 and LTE4566

extensions
• LTE3463 DL MU-MIMO for Massive MIMO
• LTE3464 UL MU-MIMO for Massive MIMO (in TL18SP)
These features introduce multiuser MIMO functionalities for LTE2666 and
LTE4566

• LTE1013 Dynamic transmission Mode Switch

This feature allows for switching between transmission modes resulting in
higher peak and average throughput

42 © Nokia 2018
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Configuration
Management
Table of contents

<chapter:configuration_management>

43 © Nokia 2018
Configuration Management
Definition of terms and rules for parameter classification*
The ‘Basic Parameters’ category contains
primary parameters which should be considered
during cell deployment and must be adjusted to a
particular scenario:
• Network Element (NE) identifiers
• Planning parameters, e.g. neighbour definitions, frequency,
scrambling codes, PCI, RA preambles
• Parameters that are the outcome from dimensioning, i.e. basic
parameters defining amount of resources
• Basic parameters activating basic functionalities, e.g. power
control, admission control, handovers
• Parameters defining operators’ strategy, e.g. traffic steering,
thresholds for power control, handovers, cell reselections, basic
parameters defining feature behaviour
The ‘Advanced Parameters’ category contains
the parameters for network optimisation and fine
tuning:
• Decent network performance should be achieved without tuning
these parameters
• Universal defaults ensuring decent network performance need to
be defined for all parameters of this category. If this is not
possible for a given parameter it must be put to the ‘Basic
Parameters’ category
• Parameters requiring detailed system knowledge and broad
experience unless rules for the ‘Basic Parameters’ category are
violated
• All parameters (even without defaults, e.g. optional structures)
related to advanced and very complex features

The ‘Obsolete parameters’ category is intended for parameters that are candidates to be removed
from the product in a future release: * - purpose: Categories of parameters have been defined to simplify network
parametrization. Parameterization effort shall be focused mainly on Basic ones.
• Parameters always used with default value
• Parameters that are not used by operators Categorization is reflected in a ‘view’ definition in NetAct CM Editor.
• Parameters that are not relevant anymore

44 © Nokia 2018
Configuration Management
New parameters LTE2666 Massive MIMO

Abbreviated name Full name PKDB link

https://mint.emea.nsn-
LNCEL_TDD:actMMimo Massive MIMO activation (read only) net.net/data/gui/3.0/parameters/eNB/LNCEL_TDD/actMMi
mo!details,TD-LTE18

LNCEL_TDD:mMimoSectorBFProfNa https://mint.emea.nsn-
Massive MIMO profile name net.net/data/gui/3.0/parameters/eNB/LNCEL_TDD/
me mMimoSectorBFProfName!details,TD-LTE18

https://mint.emea.nsn-
LNBTS:MMIMOCPR:mMimoDlSBFWei Massive MIMO DL sector beamforming net.net/data/gui/3.0/parameters/eNB/MMIMOCPR/
mMimoDlSBFWeightProfName!details,TD-LTE18
ghtProfName weight profile name

MMIMOCPR:modulusOfAntGrp0H.. Modulus of weight for horizontal https://mint.emea.nsn-

net.net/data/gui/3.0/parameters/eNB/MMIMOCPR/
modulusOfAntGrp7H antenna group 0..7 modulusOfAntGrp0H!details,TD-LTE18

MMIMOCPR:modulusOfAntGrp0V.. https://mint.emea.nsn-
net.net/data/gui/3.0/parameters/eNB/MMIMOCPR/
modulusOfAntGrp3V Modulus of weight for vertical antenna modulusOfAntGrp0V!details,TD-LTE18
group 0..3

REQUIRES BTS REQUIRES CELL LOCKING ONLINE MODIFIABLE

45 RESTART
© Nokia 2018
Configuration Management
New parameters LTE2666 Massive MIMO

Abbreviated name Full name PKDB link

MMIMOCPR:phaseOfAntGrp0H.. Phase of weight for horizontal antenna https://mint.emea.nsn-
net.net/data/gui/3.0/parameters/eNB/MMIMOCPR/
phaseOfAntGrp7H group 0..7 phaseOfAntGrp0H!details,TD-LTE18

MMIMOCPR:phaseOfAntGrp0V.. Phase of weight for vertical antenna https://mint.emea.nsn-

net.net/data/gui/3.0/parameters/eNB/MMIMOCPR/
phaseOfAntGrp3V group 0..3 phaseOfAntGrp0V!details,TD-LTE18

New parameters LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10Mhz Support

• LTE4566 reuses all LTE2666 parameters and does not introduce any new parameters

REQUIRES BTS REQUIRES CELL LOCKING ONLINE MODIFIABLE

46 RESTART
© Nokia 2018
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Deployment
Aspects
Network graphic boxes Network element boxes
Table of contents

<chapter:deployment_aspects>

47 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

• Based on LTERLCR-25434

• TDD mMIMO originally restricted the cell maximum total power to 40W per 20MHz for 64TRX due to radio
emission performance limitation
• after HW internal test it is confirmed that the performance of 60W shall be acceptable for AAHC
• as all TDD mMIMO official AASs 64TRX in TD-LTE18A or earlier release follow the same platform, it is reasonable
to believe more radios shall follow the new limitation

• after this CR Nokia support cell maximum total power as below for designated TDD mMIMO official AASs
64TRX in TD-LTE18A or earlier release (B41,B40,B38):
− 20MHz 64TRX 60W
− 10MHz 64TRX 40W (legacy rule)

48 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

• Based on LTERLCR-25434
• for special areas there may be specific governance rules, e.x. U.S.A FCC
• this CR does not cover these specific market radios (AAHJ, AAHE)
• for these specific markets eNB will check:
− maximum power limitation per carrier (20MHz or 10MHz)
− total AAS maximum power limitation (this CR has no intention to increase total AAS power)

• NOTE: AAS requires multi-carrier flat power spectrum density(20MHz+10MHz configuration example: 20MHz
60W, then 10MHz 30W), operators should follow this rule for configuration
• NOTE: the same family AASs beyond TD-LTE18A shall follow the same limitation
• NOTE: 32TRx split mode maximum cell power is defined in TD-LTE18A LTE4655 TDD 32TRX massive MIMO
(WebNEI) and shall follow the similar principle (e.x. half cell maximum total power of 64TRx)

49 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

• due to improved antenna gain and capability of vertical beamforming DL coverage and capacity
is increased as well when compared to the legacy 8-column beamforming antennas.
• another purpose of the feature is to increase site capacity in dense urban environments with high
rise buildings owing to 3D beamforming.

• please keep in mind that LTE2666 will usually not be deployed “as is” but also with combination of
other features, especially LTE3463 DL MU-MIMO for Massive MIMO. Therefore feature potential
of increasing the capacity should be considered in the first place.

• as supported bandwidth is the main and only factor by which LTE4566 differ from LTE2666,
same conclusion apply for LTE4566.

50 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Feature activation/deactivation (1/3)

• feature activation flag (LNCEL_TDD:actMMimo) is a read-only parameter. It is automatically set

to true whenever a 64T64R radio is commissioned.
• it is possible to force feature to work in a sector beam mode, when user beamforming will be
deactivated. This can be used to show the true benefits of the feature in field trial conditions.
• use combination of LNCEL_TDD:dlMimoMode and LNCEL_TDD:actTmSwitch for the desired
effect.
dlMimoMode = Dynamic Open Loop MIMO

actTmSwitch = true TM3/8 switch

activated

actTmSwitch = false TM3 only, only sector

beam in use

51 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Feature activation/deactivation (2/3)

Open Loop
MIMO.
Interworking
with TM AAHB and 2
switching is ABIAs are
supported. configured

52 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Feature activation/deactivation (3/3)

actmMimo flag
set to true if
64T64R radio is
detected

53 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(0)
LTE2666 Sector Beam Configuration (1/3) Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(1)
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(2)
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(3)
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(4)
• Massive MIMO AAS that is used with LTE2666 does not provide a remote Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(5)
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(6)
electrical tilt (RET) function. Instead, vertical sector beam tilt is controlled Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(7)
entirely by the baseband and is selected from 12 predefined sector Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(8)
Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(-1)
beamforming profiles. The tilts of the predefined profiles range from +8 to -2 Macro-0 Electrical Tilt-(-2)
degrees, and are indicated in the profile name. High Building-0
customized profile 1
• in addition to the tilted profiles, there is an additional predefined sector beam customized profile 2
customized profile 3
profile for the high rise building use case. customized profile 4
customized profile 5
• operator may define additional 20 customized sector beam profiles in customized profile 6
customized profile 7
MMIMOCPR managed object class. customized profile 8
customized profile 9
• sector beam profile selection is done by setting parameter customized profile 10
LNCEL_TDD:mMimoSectorBFProfName customized profile 11
customized profile 12
to a corresponding predefined or customized profile name customized profile 13
customized profile 14
customized profile 15
customized profile 16
• selection of the sector beam should be done following radio network customized profile 17
planning, as it involves deployment of a new antenna system with new customized profile 18
customized profile 19
radiation pattern. customized profile 20

54 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Sector Beam Configuration (2/3)

Sector beam
profile
selection
55 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Sector Beam Configuration (3/3)

Customized sector
beamforming profile
may be added in
MMIMOCPR.
MMIMOCPR object Sector beam profile
can be created in selection
LNBTS

Horizontal and
vertical
beamforming
weights to be
defined in
customized profile

56 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO

Additional parameters, recommended/required settings

Parameter Abbreviation Description Range and Step Required/ MOC
name recommende
d value
Channel chBw Channel Bandwidth defines the 10 MHz (100), 20MHz (200) LNCEL_TDD
bandwidth TDD Downlink and Uplink bandwidth 15 MHz (150),
for the eNode-B transmission. 20 MHz (200)
TDD subframe tddFrameConf Indicates the uplink-downlink 1...2, step 1 2 LNCEL_TDD
configuration subframe configuration in TDD.
TDD special tddSpecSubfC The TDD Special Subframe 0...9, step 1 7 LNCEL_TDD
subframe onf Configuration parameter is used
configuration for the configuration of DwPTS,
GP and UpPTS in the special
subframe
Activate actModulation Selects the highest modulation QPSK (0), 64QAM (2) LNCEL
modulation SchemeDl scheme for link adaptation use 16QAM (1),
scheme DL in PDSCH 64QAM (2),
256QAM (3)

57 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO

Additional parameters, recommended/required settings

Parameter Abbreviation Description Range and Step Required/ MOC
name recommende
d value
Active actTmSwitch Activate or deactivate the True, false True/false LNCEL_TDD
transmission dynamic transmission mode
mode switch switch function
Prohibit timer for prohibitTimerT Defines the period of time infinite (0), 1200ms (5) LNCEL_TDD
dynamic TM mSwitch between to transmission mode 100ms (1),
mode switch switches for the same UE 200ms (2),
400ms (3),
800ms (4),
1200ms (5),
1600ms (6),
2000ms (7)

58 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE4566 Feature activation/deactivation

LTE4566 TDD massive MIMO 10MHz support is activated in the same way as LTE2666. The main and only difference
is the cell bandwidth which in the case of LTE4566 needs to be set to 10MHz.

10 MHz

chBw
parameter set to
’10MHz’

59 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE4566 Feature activation/deactivation

chBw flag indicates

channel bandwidth of
10MHz

10 MHz

60 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Additional parameters, recommended/required settings

Parameter Abbreviation Description Range and Step Required/ MOC
name recommende
d value
Channel chBw Channel Bandwidth defines the 10 MHz (100), 10MHz (100) LNCEL_TDD
bandwidth TDD Downlink and Uplink bandwidth 15 MHz (150),
for the eNode-B transmission. 20 MHz (200)

chBw
parameter set to
’10MHz’

61 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
Where to deploy the feature?
To monitor number of active
• please keep in mind that LTE2666/LTE4566 will usually not be deployed “as is” but also UEs, LTE_1734a Effective
with combination of other features, especially LTE3463 DL MU-MIMO for Massive MIMO. connected users ratio
Therefore feature potential of increasing the capacity should be considered in the first can be used
place.
• feature should be activated in clusters with high number of UEs and high average DL To monitor average DL
throughput, LTE_5292d
throughput. E-UTRAN average PDCP
• one of the use cases of the feature is providing indoor coverage for the high-rise Layer Active Cell
Throughput DL can be
buildings.
used
Other factors to consider:
To monitor penetration of
• UE support 3GPP Rel.9 compliant UEs ,
- Feature should be deployed in clusters with high penetration of 3GPP Rel.9 compliant UEs supporting TM8 LTE_6093a UEs
Supporting Rel 9 Access
• Low to moderate mobility Stratum Release
- Feature does not support High Speed receiver, moreover simulations predict much more significant gains for stationary UEs Distribution Ratio can be
used
• Subframe configuration and cell BW
- LTE2666/LTE4566 supports only TDD 7/2 configuration and 20MHz bandwidth

Please refer to the Interdependencies section for other limiting features.

62 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
How to verify if the feature works

LTE2666/LTE4566 does not introduce any new counters or KPIs. Feature activation should bring
benefit in terms of the increased DL and UL cell throughput.

KPI ID KPI Name Description / Role in evaluating LTE2666/LTE4566

LTE_5292d E-UTRAN average PDCP Layer This KPI shows the active average PDCP layer throughput per cell in a
Active Cell Throughput DL downlink direction.

LTE_5289d E-UTRAN average PDCP Layer This KPI shows the active average PDCP layer throughput per cell in an
Active Cell Throughput UL uplink direction.

Drive test, or stationary test before and after feature activation can also be used to prove that the
feature is working.

63 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects

Alarms
Faults
&
Malfunctions
Management

64 © Nokia 2018
Deployment Aspects
How to verify if the feature works

S1: TX/RX path failure handling

Purpose: This scenario describes mMIMO cell service handling after failure of TX/RX paths(s)

Actors
NetAct, BTSSM/WebEM
BTS

Precondition
BTS has established connection to NetAct and/or Element Manager (BTSSM or WebEM)
64T64R antenna is connected to BTS
TDD mMIMO cell is configured and working (enabled) OR antenna carrier activation is just progressing during cell setup of TDD mMIMO cell

Trigger
BTS detects TX/RX path failure in the "OnAir" cell
OR
BTS detects TX/RX path failure during carrier activation in Cell Setup

Description
BTS detects that the state of one or more TX/RX channel out of commisioined 64TX or 64 RX for TDD mMIMO cell has been changed to Faulty.
BTS checks that value of txPathFailureMode = keepCellInService OR disableCell
BTS sets the cell state to disabled and failed
BTS deactivates related TX/RX carrier on radio module
BTS notifies NetAct and/ or EM about cell state changes via appropriate notification mechanism
BTS raises CELL FAULTY alarm toward NetAct and/ or EM

Postcondition
TDD mMIMO cell is deactivated
TDD mMIMO cell state changes are visible in NetAct and/or EM
CELL FAULTY alarmis visible in NetAct and/ or EM for that cell
65 © Nokia 2018
Exception(s)
1. All TX/RX channels are "Online". Cell is operational. Use case ends
Deployment Aspects
How to verify if the feature works

US2: Recovery of faulty TDD mMIMO cell upon appearance of the failed TX/RX path(s)

Purpose: To describe the way the faulty TDD mMIMO cell recovers and becomes fully operational. The cell became faulty upon one or more TX/RX
paths failed when the TDD mMIMO cell was fully operational or during carrier activation procedure (the last phase of the cell setup)
Actors
NetAct, BTSSM/WebEM
BTS

Precondition
The TDD mMIMO cell was activated but became faulty (due to failure of one or more TXes/RXes out of commisioined 64TX or 64 RX. The radio
module is still working (degraded)
Alarm(s) related to the TDD mMIMO cell are visible in NetAct/BTSSM/WebEM

Trigger
BTS detects that the state of TX/RX channel(s) for given cell has been changed to Online/Degraded

Description
BTS checks the number of working (Online/Degraded) TX/RX channels equals to the number of commissioned TXes
BTS sets the cell state to Online and activates all channel(s).
BTS notifies NetAct and/ or EM about cell state changes via appropriate notification mechanism
BTS cancels CELL FAULTY alarm toward NetAct and/ or EM

Postcondition
TDD mMIMO cell is fully operational
no alarms visible in NetAct and/ or EM for that cell

Exception(s)
1. Number of working (Online/Degraded) TX/RX channels is still less than the commissioned 64 TXes or 64 RXes for the cell.
- BTS keeps the cell Failed state.
- CELL FAULTY alarm is still visible in NetAct/BTSSM/WebEM
66 © Nokia 2018
Acceptance Critetia:
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Dimensioning
Aspects
Table of contents

<chapter:dimensioning>

67 © Nokia 2018
Dimensioning Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

• Massive MIMO functionality is not available in RAN Configure Dual Stream BF (TM8) feature
Dim tool, however it can be easily modeled using
certain workaround:
1. Activate Dual Stream BF (TM8) feature on Features
configuration tab and make sure corresponding Antenna
configuration and Tx/Rx Algorithm at eNB on
Coverage calculation tab are set:
• 8Tx-8Rx SS-HBF in DL
• 1Tx-8Rx in UL
2. Tune DL Antenna gain [dB] parameter to 15.0 dB to
compensate for performance of 64Tx-64Rx mMIMO
antenna and channel model difference. Tune DL Antenna gain to model 64Tx-64Rx antenna

3. Perform all calculations as usual tuning other parameters

like output power cell edge user throughput, propagation
environment specifics, etc. according to the scenario
requirements

68 © Nokia 2018
Dimensioning Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

4. Provide additional gain introduced by mMIMO solution using Model mMIMO impact using additional gain values
Additional gains [dB] parameter on Coverage calculation
tab
• 8.44 dB in DL
• 8.30 dB in UL
5. Finally, calculated cell range will reflect usage of mMIMO
solution
• introduction of the mMIMO functionality significantly improves network coverage in both DL and UL
direction

mMIMO Legacy 8Tx-8Rx

Visible coverage improvement in

both DL and UL

69 © Nokia 2018
Dimensioning Aspects
LTE2666 Massive MIMO

• impact of LTE2666 massive MIMO solution on

the average cell capacity calculations can be
modeled using Additional capacity gain [%] Model mMIMO impact using additional gain values
parameter on Air Interface Capacity tab
- There should be provided gain value corresponding
to the required mMIMO deployment:

mMIMO
mMIMO
20MHz Single User
Multi User (MU)
(SU)

Downlink 59% 125%

Uplink 31% 99%

LTE2666
70 © Nokia 2018
Dimensioning Aspects
LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

• impact of LTE4566 Massive MIMO 10MHz

support solution on the average cell capacity
calculations can be modeled using Additional Model mMIMO impact using additional gain values
capacity gain [%] parameter on Air Interface
Capacity tab
- There should be provided gain value corresponding
to the required mMIMO deployment:

mMIMO
mMIMO 30% 15%
10MHz Single User
Multi User (MU)
(SU)

Downlink 30% 63%

Uplink 15% 50% in opposition to LTE2666, LTE4566 is supposed to

cover MU-MIMO features as well (already
LTE4566 discussed)

71 © Nokia 2018
LTE2666 Massive MIMO, LTE4566 TDD Massive MIMO 10MHz support

Performance
Aspects
Table of contents

<chapter:performance_aspects>

72 © Nokia 2018
Performance Aspects
Feature impact

• LTE2666/LTE4566 Does not introduce any new performance measurement counters

nor KPIs. Feature impact can be measured using the existing counters (shown on
next slides).

73 © Nokia 2018
Performance Aspects
Feature impact

Feature impact How to measure?

Downlink throughput
Downlink cell throughput should increase for UEs
scheduled with TM8. Therefore it is important to activate
feature with adequate Rel.9 compliant UE penetration
MCS distribution
DL MCS will increase due to improved DL conditions
KPIs:
- DL RLC PDU volume transmitted (LTE_284a)
- Average PDCP Layer Active Cell Throughput DL (LTE_5292b)
Counters:
- RLC_PDU_VOL_TRANSMITTED (M8012C18)
- PDCP_DATA_RATE_MEAN_DL (M8012C26)
Counters:
- PDSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS0 (M8001C45)…
- PDSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS28 (M8001C73)

74 © Nokia 2018