FOUR FUNCTIONS OF THE MIND?

- Philosophical discovery is the result of

raw , unorganized facts collaboration with partners in dialogue or
-lowest function of the mind conversation.
Knowledge
- Organized facts SOCRATES and dialectics
- Higher function of mind - “It is not enough to claim something is true.
- Connection between related facts and see how - One has to give good reasons as basis for claims
they fit into a body of knowledge and claim must be able to withstand further
scrutiny and examination.
Understanding
- higher function than either information or “When our views are challenged… we feel compelled to
knowledge defend those very views.”
- -knowing the meaning behind we learn about position and views = our mind is sharpened
- the facts
“Confrontations must not be avoided at all...”
Wisdom
-higher stage of the mind Modern era = thesis, anti thesis, synthesis
- The ability to relate the various pieces of information and
knowledge into a meaningful whole “We need this exchange of ideas so we can grow.”

The illiad of homer “One thing I know is I know nothing.”

Lived in the eight century BCE about 2800 years ago. -Socrates
- a greek poet , his two great epic poems, the Iliad and the
Odyssey. “There are things that deceive, confuse, or mislead in this
- His poems showed the deepest longings, fears, thoughts, world…… it requires much intellectual effort ability…
feelings, hopes and conflicts of human. -PLATO
-the ideal was excellence (arete)
the total human potential who is both a speaker of wordss “How do we guard against deceptions?”
and doer of deed
WE ARE TO BLAME IN CASE WE ARE FOOLED
Thales INTO BELIEVING A FALSEHOOD.
as a sixth century philosopher called “Axial Age”
- The basic element of nature was water. The best way to resolve any problem in the human world is
- He rejected, the common belief the earthquakes were for all sides to sit down and talk--
caused by Poseidon.
Philosophy begins in wonder
Anaximenes
was also a sixth century BCE (Ionian philospher)
-the basic substance was AIR
-He rejected that the belief that rainbows were the goddess
Iris.
instead he insisted that rainbows were caused by the rays of
the sun falling on dense air.

Pythagoreans
Identifies number as the 1st principle because the world is
governed by Mathematical ratio.
Ex. Music, celestial objects

Heraclitus
- He believed that the world of matter was made of
atoms

Truth and Dialectics

- Technique to resolve philosophical questions.
- Art of refutation that dates back to ancient
Greeks. -
Curiosity- Directed to a single, fleeting, and momentary
object that captures our interest.
Example:
New Phone---- curious about how it works

Wonder- Beyond mere curiosity -Directed to relationship

of things
Example:
New Phone---- wondering whether one can live without it
“I wonder why…”

according to Aristotle)
Wisdom is of two kinds:
1. Theoretical
2. Practical

Theoretical- know the necessary truths and their logical

consequences
Practical
- knowledge in the realm of action
- - To know the truth, we have to deal with fellow
human beings.
- Ex. Politics and Ethics

“Philosophers believe that to be wise is the best we can be.”

“In doing philosophy, we exercise our rational faculty

which will allow us to answer our questions and overcome
ignorance.”

“Our attempts to answer the philosophical questions

provide us with opportunities to arrive at good answers—”
END.