CS158-2 Activity #5

Instructions:

Answer the following questions in less than 100 words each.

Provide 10 legal issues stated in the article “Legal and human rights issues of AI: Gaps, challenges and vulnerabilities” by Rowena
Rodrigues. For each legal issue, provide answers on the below questions.

1. Artificial Intelligence issue and description

2. Why is it considered as an issue and how it impacts AI?

3. How is it currently being addressed?

4. Will it likely to be resolved soon? Or will it be a long-time problem?

5. In your own opinion, how the issue can be addressed?

A. LACK OF ALGORTIHMIC TRANSPARENCY

1. People that has denied jobs or refused loans which are put on the no-fly list with denied benefits
2. It is the forefront of legal discussion and the pressure is mounting the design and governs AI to be accountable, fair and transparent.
3. Awareness in the used of education, regulatory oversight, accountability in public sector and global coordination.
4. Personally, I think that this issue may become a long-time problem as it is relatively new. Its solution may still be in the
development stage.
5. A solution for this is establishing clear governance framework, in which they should raise awareness for proper management and
handling of workers.

B. CYBER SECURITY VULNERABILITIES

1. Opening of critical infrastructures that can harm and impact society.
2. It is the highlight of security issues that are related to AI.
3. Protection and recovery mechanism and engaging human analyst and software upgrades.
4. It will be a long time problem because it requires proactive and responsive use of cyber security policies and tools.
5. Dedicated cyber risk awareness and utilizing encryption to authentication for data and network access.

C. UNFAIRNESS, BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION

1. Big data has the ability to result in infringement of the fundamental rights of individuals as well as differential treatment or
discrimination
2. Repeatedly pops up and been identified as major challenges related to the use of algorithms and decision making systems.
3. Regular assessments and making technological and algorithmic adjustments.
4. It is likely to be resolved because technical solutions have the ability to protect marginalized population.
5. Applying ethical purposes in AI and accountability governance as well.

D. LACK OF CONTESTABILITY
1. Request of review of automated decision making that can affect rights and legitimate interest.
2. It is carried out on public interest and even as a legitimate interest.
3. Automated processing as a requirement to an artificial intelligence system life cycle.
4. It will be a long time problem since the issue needs to be further addressed in design, development and use.
5. The use of contestability of design so that there would be protecting of rights and decisions.

E. LEGAL PERSONHOOD, SUBJECTHOOD, MORAL AGENCY

1. Establishing of legal personality for AI systems or robot
2. It is ongoing debate about AI wherein with own specific features and implication
3. Legal personhood should be offered to AI systems
4. It would be a long time problem because it's morally unnecessary and legally troublesome
5. The offering of AI system or robots so that there would be regulating into the national level.

F. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ISSUES

1. Human rights character have become contextualized in diverse policy areas
2. It is part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and under AI intellectual property issues.
3. The used of law to protect computer generated literary and any artistic works.
4. It would also appeared as a long time problem because the issue itself needs further research and exploration
5. The solution is availability of training data in large amounts when it comes to fueling AI's growth.

G. ADVERSE EFFECTS ON WORKERS

1. Changes to the requirements of future employees, labor relations, new job instructions and such.
2. It is highlight the impact of AI and robotics on the workplace and known as ethical issue
3. Refocusing and adapting education system, modernization, and social security system for change
4. It will be likely to resolved soon because if employers adopt suitable strategies
5. The need of every people to acquire the skills they need, managing workers by providing them communication calls for support.

H. PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION ISSUES

1. A call for new data protection to closed the accountability gap
2. AI post huge privacy and data protection challenges.
3. There would be secure party computation which refers to protocols, ethical principles and auditable machine algorithms.
4. It would be resolved if there is sufficient protection against sensitive inferences
5. Wait for legal systems to established enough data for privacy precedent and guidelines

I. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE

1. The deployment of use of technologies can cause to persons and property damages
2. It involves in AI system and known as a wrongful medical treatment diagnosis
3. Supplementary rules such as liability models
4. It would be a long time problem because strict liability being used is a poor solution for the problem.
5. As mentioned earlier, this may be addressed if they can set a clear guideline on accountabilities when specific situations happen,
especially if it includes Artificial Intelligence.

J. LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR HARMS

1. Ensuring responsibility for the deployment and development of AI systems.
2. AI requires both the function of guiding action and bring outlined by the Assessment list for trustworthy.
3. Data protection and information and transparency safeguards
4. It is likely to be resolved if the issues in ICT in general will be kept into constant review
5. Use of reporting obligations, review of context which is required in technical considerations.