Hi Everyone, This is my presentation for Logic.

And this is what I have learned for the whole

term. To keep this simple, I have provided objectives on what I am about to discuss today.
Dating back from the Prelims to Finals.

PRELIMS
Philosophy
Allegory of the Cave
Plato’s Point of view of the Allegory of the Cave
Syllogism
MIDTERMS
Syllogism part 2
FINALS
Fallacies

PRELIMS
1. Monty Python -
International Philosophy", commonly referred to as the Philosophers' Football Match, is a
Monty Python sketch depicting a football match in the Munich Olympics between
philosophers representing Greece and Germany. Starring in the sketch are Archimedes,
Socrates,, Marx, and Kant.
It tells us that Philosophy helps us to analyze concepts, definitions, arguments, and
problems. It contributes to our capacity to organize ideas and issues, to deal with
questions of value, and to extract what is essential from large quantities of information.

2. Allegory of the Cave- This is a Concept devised by the philosopher to ruminate on the
nature of belief versus knowledge. The allegory begins with prisoners who have lived
their entire lives chained inside a cave. Behind the prisoners is a fire, and between the
fire and the prisoners are people carrying puppets or other objects. These cast shadows
on the opposite wall. The prisoners watch these shadows, believing this to be their
reality as they've known nothing else.

Plato posits that one prisoner could become free. He finally sees the fire and realizes the
shadows are fake. This prisoner could escape from the cave and discover there is a
whole new world outside they were previously unaware of.

This prisoner would believe the outside world is so much more real than that in the cave.
He would try to return to free the other prisoners. Upon his return, he is blinded because
his eyes are not accustomed to actual sunlight. The chained prisoners would see this
blindness and believe they will be harmed if they try to leave the cave.

The insight we get from this is to think of the people trapped in the cave as the majority
of people in the world.
 The cave people believed that the shadows they saw were the “truth,” just like the
majority of the world who believe in and pursue shadows based on money, education,
fame, love and so on.

These are generally the ideas and social norms that we’ve been told to stick to from
childhood because of the majority consensus.

3. LOGIC-
Through logic, It describes Philosophy….
to add up, There are Three Acts of Human Intellect
● Simple Apprehension - the mind merely grasps a thing without affirming or
denying anything about it. (Like for example: We already know that this is a
pencil, we already knew about it because We can already see from just one look
of it)
● Judgment- once we have concepts, we begin to make judgments.
It happens from joining or dividing two or more concepts and is a statement
about the way things really are. Like for example: When someone says the Apple
is sweet. Take the words, “apple” and “sweet” = It is True if it is the way
things really are.)
● Reasoning - aims at forming arguments through propositions and syllogisms.

To sum it all up, The main objective of Logic is to arrive at a valid reasoning.

MIDTERMS:

1. Syllogism -So In Conclusion, Syllogisms are the basis for logic. If you don't follow the
19 syllogism and all of its rules, your arguments can collapse into logical fallacies, and
that's a problem. Learning the rules of syllogisms will improve your logical arguments
also. Like in real life, It strengthens your opinions and gives a meaningful stand to where
you are at.

FINALS
1. Fallacy - We see them on social media. heard them in movie dialogue. We have
probably even used them yourself.
They’re logical fallacies, those not-quite logically sound statements that might seem solid
at first glance, but crumble the moment you give them a second thought.

Logical Fallacies, an argument that can be disproven through reasoning. This is different
from a subjective argument or one that can be disproven with facts; for a position to be a
logical fallacy, it must be logically flawed or deceptive in some way.
(And These are the 15 fallacies we have discussed)

In any context, including academic debate, a conversation among friends, political

discourse, advertising, or for comedic purposes, the arguer may use fallacious reasoning
to try to persuade the listener or reader, by means other than offering relevant evidence,
that the conclusion is true.And As a student, learning these fallacies, teaches us to
identify these errors in other people's arguments and avoid them in your own. Learning
how the different types of common fallacies are defined and categorized also means
you're equipped with a convenient way to critique and describe arguments.