Juliet I.

Gadiane BSED-Mathematics IV
Negros Oriental State University – Siaton Campus

BSED ASSESSMENT 3
7th SET OF QUESTIONS IN SET AND LOGIC THEORY
1. In a factory there are 100100 units of a certain product, 55 of which are defective. We pick
three units from the 100100 units at random. What is the probability that none of them are
defective?

A. 0.8560
B. 0.8660
C. 0.8760
D. 0.8860

JUSTIFICATION:
Let us define Ai as the event that the i th chosen unit is not defective, for i=1,2,3=1,2,3. We are
interested in P(A1∩A2∩A3). Note that
𝟗𝟓
P (A1)=𝟏𝟎𝟎
Given that the first chosen item was good, the second item will be chosen from 94 good units and
5 defective units, thus
𝟗𝟒
P(A2∣A1)= 𝟗𝟗
Given that the first and second chosen items were okay, the third item will be chosen from 93
good units and 5 defective units, thus
𝟗𝟑
P(A3∣A2,A1)= 𝟗𝟖
Thus, we have
P(A1∩A2∩A3) = P(A1)P(A2∣A1)
𝟗𝟓 𝟗𝟒 𝟗𝟑
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗 𝟗𝟖

=0.856
2. I pick a random number from {1,2,3,⋯,10}and call it N. Suppose that all outcomes are equally
likely. Let A be the event that N is less than 7, and let B be the event that N is an even number.
Are A and B independent?

A. Dependent
B. Independent
C. Sometimes
D. None of these

JUSTIFICATION:
We have A={1,2,3,4,5,6},B={2,4,6,8,10}and A∩B={2,4,6}. Then

P(A)=0.6
P(B)=0.5
P(A∩B)=0.3

Therefore, P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B), so A and B are independent. This means that knowing that B has
occurred does not change our belief about the probability of A. In this problem the two events
are about the same random number, but they are still independent because they satisfy the
definition.

3. I toss a coin repeatedly until I observe the first tails at which point I stop. Let X be the total
number of coin tosses. Find P(X=5).

A. 1/32
B. 1/16
C. 1/8
D. ¼

JUSTIFICATION:
Here, the outcome of the random experiment is a number X. The goal is to find P(A)=P(5). But
what does X=5mean? It means that the first 4 coin tosses result in heads and the fifth one results
in tails. Thus the problem is to find the probability of the sequence HHHHT when tossing a coin
five times. Note that HHHHT is a shorthand for the event "(The first coin toss results in heads)
and (The second coin toss results in heads) and (The third coin toss results in heads) and (The
fourth coin toss results in heads) and (The fifth coin toss results in tails)." Since all the coin
tosses are independent, we can write

P(HHHHT)=P(H)P(H)P(H)P(H)P(T)
𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
=𝟐⋅𝟐⋅𝟐⋅𝟐⋅𝟐
𝟏
=𝟑𝟐

4. In a group of 60 people, 27 like cold drinks and 42 like hot drinks and each person likes at
least one of the two drinks. How many like both coffee and tea?

A. 10
B. 18
C. 9
D. 20

JUSTIFICATION:
Let A = Set of people who like cold drink
And, B = Set of people who like hot drink
Given,
n(A∪B)=60
n(A)=27 and n(B)=42
n(A∩B)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∪B)
n(A∩B)=27+42−60=9
Therefore, 9 people like both cold drink and hot drink.

5. If n(A - B) = 18, n(A ∪ B) = 70 and n(A ∩ B) = 25, then find n(B).

A. 25
B. 52
C. 12
D. 225

JUSTIFICATION:
Given: n(A−B)=18, n(A∪B)=70, and n(A∩B)=25
n(A∪B)=n(A−B)+n(A∩B)+n(B−A)
⇒70=18+25+n(B−A)
⇒70=43+n(B−A)
⇒n(B−A)=70−43
∴n(B−A)=27
Now n(B)=n(A∩B)+n(B−A)
∴n(B)=25+27=52

6. Let A and B be two finite sets such that n(A) = 20, n(B) = 28 and n(A ∪ B) = 36, find n(A ∩
B).

A. 4
B. 8
C. 10
D. 12

JUSTIFICATION:
Using the formula n(A∪B)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B)
then, n(A∩B)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∪B)
=20+28−36=48−36=12

7. In a group of 100 persons, 72 people can speak English and 43 can speak French. How many
can speak English only? How many can speak French only and how many can speak both
English and French?

A. 22
B. 24
C. 26
D. 28
JUSTIFICATION:
Let A→ Set of people who speak English.
B→ Set of people who speak French.
A−B→ Set of people who speak English and not French.

B−A→ Set of people who speak French and not English.

A∩B→ Set of people who speak both English and French.

Given
n(A)=72n(B)=43n(A∪B)=100
Now,
n(A∪B)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∪B)
=72+43−100
=15
∴ Number of persons who speak both English and French are 15
n(A)=n(A−B)+n(A∩B)
⇒n(A−B)=n(A)−n(A∩B)
=72−15
=57
And
⇒n(B−A)=n(B)−n(A∩B)
=43−15
=28
∴ Number of people speaking English only are 57.
and Number of people speaking French only are 28.

8. The inverse of the statement "If it is raining then the grass is wet"

A. "If it is not raining then the grass is not wet".

B. "If it is raining then the grass is not wet".
C. "If it is not raining then the grass is wet".
D. None of these

JUSTIFICATION:
p→q
Inverse is ∼p→∼q
⇒ Inverse of :
It it is raining then the grass is wet.
is:
If it is not raining then the grass is not wet.

9. What is the Cartesian product of A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}?

A) {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (b, b)}

B) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (a, a), (b, b)}
C) {(1, a), (2, a), (1, b), (2, b)}
D) {(1, 1), (a, a), (2, a), (1, b)}

JUSTIFICATION:
Given sets are:
A(1, 2)
B(a, b)
A × B = {1, 2} × {a, b}
= {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b)}
Therefore, the Cartesian product of A(1, 2) and B(a, b) is the set A × B, i.e., {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a),
(2, b)}.

10. It is an ordered collection of objects.

A) Relation
B) Function
C) Set
D) Proposition

JUSTIFICATION:
A set is an ordered collection of objects. It in common is an extensive collection of diverse
objects that come together to form a group.

11. Power set of empty set has exactly _________ subset.

A) One
B) Two
C) Zero
D) Three

JUSTIFICATION:
Power set of any set(S) includes the empty set as its subset and set S itself also. Number of subset
in power set of set S having n element is 2𝑛

Complete step-by-step solution -

In general, a power set is a set of all subsets of a given set.
For example if we have set S as S= {1, 2}
As set S has 2 elements, so number of subset in power set of S is 22 = 4
So we can write subset of set S as given below:
{}, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}
For the given question,
So we can see the power set includes the empty set and the given set itself as a subset.
So in the given question we have an empty set {ф}.
So its power set should have one subset which is an empty set itself.
P (ф) = {ф}.
n = 1.
12. The members of the set S = {x | x is the square of an integer and x < 100} is
_______________.

A) {0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 58, 49, 56, 99, 12}

B) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81}
C) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 64, 81, 85, 99}
D) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 121}

JUSTIFICATION:
Clearly the set will include all perfect squares less than 100
Hence, S={0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81}.

13. The number of subsets of a set containing n elements is

A) n
B) 2n - 1
C) n 2
D) 2𝑛

JUSTIFICATION:
The total number of subsets of a finite set containing n elements is 2n.

14. The symmetric difference of A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5} is

A) {1, 2}
B) {1, 2, 4, 5}
C) {4, 3}
D) {2, 5, 1, 4, 3}

JUSTIFICATION:
Given, A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}
The symmetric difference is (A – B) ∪ (B – A) = {1, 2, 4, 5}

15. R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} defined by y = x – 3. The relation R – 1 is

A) {(11, 8), (13, 10)}

B) {(8, 11), (10, 13)}
C) {(8, 11), (9, 12), (10, 13)}
D) None of the above

JUSTIFICATION:
First let's write R,
R= {(11, 8), (13, 10)}
So, R−1= {(8, 11), (10, 13)}

16. The relation R defined on the set of natural numbers as {(a, b): a differs from b by 3} is given
A) {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), ….}
B) { (4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3), ….}
C) {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3), ….}
D) None of the above

JUSTIFICATION:
Let R= {( a, b ):a , b ∈ N, a−b = 3}
={(n+3,n):n ∈ N}
={(4,1),(5,2),(6,3).......}
Hence, option B is correct.

17. R is a relation on N given by N = {(x, y): 4x + 3y = 20}. Which of the following belongs to
R?

A) (– 4, 12)
B) (5, 0)
C) (3, 4)
D) (2, 4)

JUSTIFICATION:
R is given by {(x, y) ∣4x+3y=20}
4× (−4) + 3×12=−16+36=20
4×5+3×0=20+0=20

4×2+3×4=8+12=20
So, among the given options C does not satisfy the given condition.
All except C, does not belong to the set R.
Hence, option C is correct.

18. Let X be a family of sets and R be a relation in X, defined by ‘A is disjoint from B’. Then, R
is

A) Reflexive
B) Symmetric
C) Anti-symmetric
D) Transitive

JUSTIFICATION:
Let A be a non-empty set in X.
ϕ
Hence, A is not related to A.
Hence, R is not reflexive.

Let A and B be the disjoint sets in X

Let ARB
⇒A∩B=ϕ
or, B∩A=ϕ
⇒BRA
Hence, R is symmetric.

Let, A, B, C ∈X
Let ARB and BRC
⇒A∩B=ϕ,B∩C=ϕ

It can happen that A and C may have a common element.

WE can show by example A={1,2,3,4},B={5,6,7},C={4,8}

Here, A∩B=ϕ,B∩C=ϕ but A∩C={4}

Hence, R is not transitive.

19. If A = { (1, 2, 3}, then the relation R = {(2, 3)} in A is

A) Symmetric And Transitive Only

B) Symmetric Only
C) Transitive Only
D) Not Transitive

JUSTIFICATION:
A binary relation R over Set X is transitive if for all elements a,b,c in X , if a is related to b and b
is related to c, then a is related to c.
A binary relation R over Set X is symmetric iff ∀a,b∈X(aRb↔bRa)
But Given relation is not symmetric as it contains (2,3) but do not contain (3,2).
Since Given relation R contains only one pair (2,3), it is transitive .

20. The set O of odd positive integers less than 10 can be expressed by _____________

A) {1, 2, 3}
B) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
C) {1, 2, 5, 9}
D) {1, 5, 7, 9, 11}

JUSTIFICATION:
Odd numbers less than 10 are {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.
21. It is the set of positive integers.

A) Infinite
B) Finite
C) Subset
D) Empty

JUSTIFICATION:
The set of positive integers is never ending. There is no such defined largest integer. Hence the
set is infinite.

21. Out of 800 boys in a school, 224 played cricket, 240 played hockey and 336 played basketball.
Of the total, 64 played both basketball and hockey; 80 played cricket and basketball and 40 played
cricket and hockey; 24 played all the three games. The number of boys who did not play any game
is.

A) 160
B) 128
C) 216
D) 240

JUSTIFICATION:
Total no. of boys n(X) = 800
Let n(C) = boys who played cricket
n (H) =boys who played hockey
n (B) =boys who played basket ball
∴n(C)=224,n(H = 240,n(B) = 336,n(B∩H) = 64,n(C∩B )= 80,n(C∩H) = 40,n(C∩H∩B) = 24
∴n(C∪H∪B) = n(C) + n(H) + n(B) − n(B∩H) − n(C∩B) − n(B∩H) + n(C∩H∩B)
⇒224 + 240 + 336 – 64 – 80 – 40 + 24 = 640
The number of boys who did not play any game = n(X) − n(C∪H∪B)
⇒800 – 640 = 160

22. If n (A) = 115, n (B) = 326, n (A-B) = 47, then n (A U B) is equal to

A) 370
B) 165
C) 373
D) None of these

JUSTIFICATION:
We know, for two sets A and B
A – B = A – (A ∩ B)
∴ n ( A – B ) = n (A) – n(A ∩ B)
Given, n(A)=115m n(B)=326 and n(A-B)=47.
47 = 115 - n(A ∩ B)
n(A ∩ B) = 68
Consider n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
= 115 + 326 – 68 = 373

23. If A = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17}, B = {2,4,6,8,...,16,18} and N is the universal set, then A′∪ ((A ∪
B) ∩ B′) is

A. A
B. N
C. B
D. None of these

JUSTIFICATION:
A∪B
= (1,2,3,4,5...17,18)
B′ = (1,3,5,7,9...17,19,20,21...)
(A ∪ B) ∩ B′ = (1,3,5,7,9..17)=A
A′∪ A
=Universal Set
=N

24. In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent
travels by both car and bus. Then persons travelling by car or bus is

A) 80 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 70 percent

JUSTIFICATION:
Let total population of City = 100
n (C) = 20
n (B) = 50
n (B ∩ C) = 10
∴ n (B ∪ C) = n (B) + n (C) - n (B ∩ C)
= 20 + 50 – 10
= 60

25. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2}. Consider a relation R defined from set A to set B. Then R is
equal to set

A) A
B) B x A
C) A x B
D) B

JUSTIFICATION:
The relation defined from a set A to set B is defined as a subset of A × B.

R:A →B={(x,y)∣x∈A,y∈B,(x,y)∈A×B}

Here, A×B={(a,1),(a,2),(b,1),(b,2),(c,1),(c,2)}

Relation from A to B will be a subset of this A×B.

26. A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} B = {2, 3, 5, 7} What is A ∩ B ?

A) {3, 5, 7}
B) {2, 3, 5, 7}
C) {2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
D) {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}

JUSTIFICATION:

A= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B= {2, 3, 5, 7}
A∪B= {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}

27. Every set is a ___________ of itself

A) Compliment
B) None of the above
C) Proper subset
D) Improper subset
JUSTIFICATION:
Every set is not a proper subset of itself. An improper subset is a subset containing every element
of the original set. Every set is an improper subset of itself.

28. If we have two sets, A and B and every element of the set A is also the element of the set B.
then we can say A is subset of the set B.

A. True
B. False
C. Sometimes
D. Never

JUSTIFICATION:
If every element of set A is also the element of set B, then A is the subset of B.
Thus given statement is true.

29. In a school having 200 students, 120 play football, 70 play cricket, and 60 play both. How
many play neither football nor cricket?

A) 90
B) 80
C) 70
D) 60

JUSTIFICATION:
Correct option is C)

Use Venn diagram

The required answer is 200 − (60+60+10)=70.

30. The set of intelligent students in a class is.

A) Not a well-defined collection

B) A null set
C) A finite set
D) A singleton set

JUSTIFICATION:
A set is a well-defined finite collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right
From the given data, we can't find the exact no.of students in the class which are intelligent. So, it
is not well-defined. Hence, the given set is not a well-defined collection.

31. If A is any set, then

A) None of these
B) A ∪ A' = U
C) A ∪ A' = ø
D) A ∩ A' = U

JUSTIFICATION:
Step 1: Defining
A set is a collection of elements with a common relation between them
A is a set ⟹A is the collection of elements that are related by something
Whereas, A’⟹A’ is the collection of every other element which is not in set A
Combining
Hence A∪A′ is the collection of every element possible
⟹A∪A′=U
Hence, the relation A∪A′=U is always true.

32. A set consisting of a definite number of elements is called a

A) Null set
B) Singleton set
C) Infinite set
D) Finite set

JUSTIFICATION:
Any set that is empty or consists of a definite and countable number of elements is referred to as
a finite set.

33. In a group of children 35 play football out of which 20 play football only, 22 play hockey; 25
play cricket out of which 11 play cricket only. Out of these 7 play cricket and football but not
hockey, 3 play football and hockey but not cricket and 12 play football and cricket both. How
many play all the three games?

A) 5
B) 2
C) 12
D) 7

JUSTIFICATION:
Using the following Venn diagram distribution for the following question.
We get the intersection n (F ∩ C ∩ H) = 5

34. How many rational and irrational numbers are possible between -1 and 0 ?

A) 1000
B) Infinite
C) 4990
D) None

JUSTIFICATION:
There are infinite number of rational numbers between any two integers.
35. Between any two distinct rational numbers there are infinitely many rational numbers.

A. True
B. False
C. Sometimes
D. Never

JUSTIFICATION:
Consider a&b as rational numbers
Then a rational number n1 can be find in between a&b such that a<n1<b
using the formula n1=2a+b similarly, again we can find a rational number between a&n1
and n1&b and so on… Hence, between any two distinct rational numbers there are infinitely
many rational numbers.
36. Empty set is a ?

A) None of the above

B) Invalid Set
C) Finite Set
D) Infinite Set

JUSTIFICATION:
An empty set is a set with no elements and can be represented as { } and shows that it has no
element. As the finite set has a countable number of elements and the empty set has zero elements
so, it is a definite number of elements. So, with a cardinality of zero, an empty set is a finite set.

37. Which of the following statements regarding sets is false?

A) A X B = B X A
B) A X B ≠ B X A
C) n(A X B) = n(A) * n(B)
D) All of the mentioned

JUSTIFICATION:
The Cartesian product of sets is not commutative.

Use the diagram to answer questions #38 - 40

38. Determine n(H ∩ C).

A. 2
B. 5
C. 11
D. 3

JUSTIFICATION:
This means find the number of elements in se H and C. (This is the overlapping section)
Fish, Spinach and Apples = 3

39. Determine H ∩ C.
A. {fish, spinach, apples, cucumber, lettuce, chicken, pork, rice, pasta, potatoes}
B. {chicken, pork, rice, pasta, potatoes}
C. {cucumber, lettuce}
D. {fish, spinach, apples}

JUSTIFICATION:
This means list the subset of elements that are elements of set H and C.
We have Fish, Spinach and Apples

40. Determine n(H ∪ C).

A. 2
B. 5
C. 10
D. 3

JUSTIFICATION:
This means find the number of elements that are in set H or C. (Which is all of them)

41. There are 28 students in Mr. Connelly’s Grade 12 mathematics class. The number of students
in the yearbook club and the number of students on student council are shown in the Venn diagram.
Use the diagram to answer the following question. How many students are in at least one of the
yearbook club or on student council?

A. 2
B. 5
C. 8
D. 7

JUSTIFICATION:
Yearbook, Student Council or Both
5+2+1=8

42. 1. Let A and B be two finite sets such that n(A) = 20, n(B) = 28 and n(A ∪ B) = 36, find n(A
∩ B).

A. 12
B. 13
C. 16
D. 17

JUSTIFICATION:
Using the formula n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B).
then n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B)
= 20 + 28 - 36
= 48 - 36
= 12

43. If n(A - B) = 18, n(A ∪ B) = 70 and n(A ∩ B) = 25, then find n(B).

A. 42
B. 52
C. 23
D. 19

JUSTIFICATION:
Using the formula n(A∪B) = n(A - B) + n(A ∩ B) + n(B - A)
70 = 18 + 25 + n(B - A)
70 = 43 + n(B - A)

n(B - A) = 70 - 43
n(B - A) = 27
Now n(B) = n(A ∩ B) + n(B - A)
= 25 + 27
= 52
44. In a group of 60 people, 27 like cold drinks and 42 like hot drinks and each person likes at
least one of the two drinks. How many like both coffee and tea?

A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10

JUSTIFICATION:
Let A = Set of people who like cold drinks.
B = Set of people who like hot drinks.
Given
(A ∪ B) = 60 n(A) = 27 n(B) = 42 then;
n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B)
= 27 + 42 - 60
= 69 - 60 = 9
=9
Therefore, 9 people like both tea and coffee.
45. Inverse of a statement can be explained as

A. Negating both the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement.

B. Antecedent is the negation of the original antecedent and whose consequent is the negation of
the original consequent.
C. Both are correct
D. None is correct

JUSTIFICATION:
Inverse of a statement means converting positive statement into a negative one.
In mathematical terms, by applying negation .
Since, option A and B means the same. Hence, option C is the answer.

46. Which statement represents the inverse of the statement "If it is snowing, then Skeeter wears
a sweater."?

A. If Skeeter wears a sweater, then it is snowing.

B. If Skeeter does not wear a sweater, then it is not snowing.
C. If it is not snowing, then Skeeter does not wear a sweater.
D. If it is not snowing, then Skeeter wears a sweater.

JUSTIFICATION:
To find the inverse we need to negate the hypothesis and conclusion, and hence on negating it is
snowing we get it is not snowing and on negating skeeter wears a sweater we get skeeter does not
wear a sweater.
C

47. The inverse of statement is " If you grew in Alaska, then you have seen snow."

A. "If you did not grow up in Alaska, then you have not seen snow."
B. "If you grow up in Alaska, then you have not seen snow."
C. "If you did not grow up in Alaska, then you have seen snow."
D. None of these

JUSTIFICATION:
The inverse of a statement is when you write negative of statement without changing the actual
meaning of statement.
The inverse of “If p then q” is "If p then q." in the solution
In statement 'If you grew in Alaska ,then you have seen snow'.
Inverse :- 'If you did not grow up in Alaska, then you have not seen snow'.

48. If x + 4 = 8, then x = 4, Inverse of the statement is-

A. If x+4 = 8, then x = 4
B. If x+4 = 8, then x = 4
C. If x+4 = 8, then x = 4
D. None of the above

JUSTIFICATION:
x+4=8, then x=4
this is the inverse obtained by negating hypothesis and conclusion condition.

49. The inverse of the statement (p∧∼q)→r is

A. ∼ (p∨∼q) →∼r
B. (∼p∧∼q) → ∼r
C. (∼p∨q) → ∼r
D. None of these.

JUSTIFICATION:
Step-1: Apply the concept of logical reasoning.
We have,
(p∧∼q)→r
∴ The inverse of the statement (p∧∼q)→r is,
≡∼(p∧∼q)→∼r≡(∼p∨∼(∼q))→∼r
≡(∼p∨q)→∼r

Hence, option C

50. The inverse of statement "If a dog is barking, then it will not bite" is

A. If a dog is not barking, then it will bite.

B. If a dog is biting, then it will not bark.
C. If a dog is not biting, then it will not bark.
D. None of the above

JUSTIFICATION:
The inverse of statement without changing meaning of statement,
statement becomes 'If a dog is not barking, then it will bite".

Prepared by: JULIET I. GADIANE

BSED – Mathematics IV Student