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TEACHING MATERIALS AND WORKSHEET OF

WRITING A HOW-TO-POSTER (PROCEDURE TEXT)

Meeting 1
Activity 1
Read the following text carefully

How to Clean Gums and Teeth

By Valerie Marie Krein , eHow Contributor

Good oral hygiene can prevent cavities, tooth loss and heart disease. Properly
cleaning your teeth and gums daily will help preserve your appearance and
general health. Good oral hygiene prevents cavities and gum disease, which
can lead to tooth loss and serious health problems. According to Perio.org,
the Web site of the American Academy of Periodontology, gum disease affects
nearly 75 percent of Americans and is the leading cause of tooth loss.
Infection from gum disease may also cause far more serious health risks.
Researchers have found that people with gum disease are almost twice as
likely to suffer from coronary artery disease, a major cause of heart attacks.
Additional studies have shown a relationship between periodontal disease
and stroke. There is also a growing amount of evidence of links between the
inflammation from gum disease and arthritis, diabetes, pregnancy problems,
osteoporosis, and respiratory problems. Daily brushing and flossing are
necessary for healthy teeth and gums.

Instructions
Things You'll Need
 Manual or electric toothbrush
 Water Pik (optional for those with no dental problems)
 Fluoride toothpaste
 Dental floss
 Germ killing mouthwash

STEPS
1. Brush your teeth after every meal.

Hold your brush at a 45-degree angle at the gum line.

Move the brush back and forth gently in tooth-wide
strokes. To clean the inside surfaces of the teeth, use
the bristles at the end of the brush with a gentle up and
down movement. Brush the chewing surfaces of the
teeth and the tongue.

2. Floss daily

Wind the floss around the middle finger on each hand.

Hold the floss tightly between the thumb and forefinger.
Insert the floss gently between the teeth, and pull the floss
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alternately in the shape of a "C" toward the tooth on each side to remove
tartar (plaque). Floss picks can be useful when you are on the go, but
traditional floss is recommended by dentists because it can reach much
more of the gum line. The American Dental Association urges everyone to
floss their teeth daily.

3. Rinse with a germ-killing mouthwash.

4. Have a checkup and professional cleaning at least once a year.

Visit your dentist for a dental checkup and cleaning at

least once a year. Some periodontists provide
antibacterial treatments to treat gum disease. This type of
treatment, pioneered by J. Slots, DDS of the University of
Southern California, uses antibiotics targeted at the
specific type of gum infection. Gum problems will recur
without a routine of good oral hygiene.

Activity 2
Based on the text above, now try to complete the table below correctly.
A.
No Structure Item Brief Answers
1 Goal

2 Materials

3 Steps

B.
No Item Answers
1 Action Verbs Brush,_________,_______________,_______________,

2 Precise Bristles, _______, ____________, __________, ____________,

Vocabulary
3 Imperative  _______________________________________________________
sentence  _______________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________

4 Connectives 
5 Adverbials  ____________
 ____________
 ____________
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Activity 3
Try to make fill in the following tables using your own sentences based on the
pictures of “How To Make fruit Salad” by using correct action verbs,
imperative sentences, connectives, and adverbials.

No Structure Item Brief Answers

1 Goal

2 Materials

3 Steps:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
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7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.
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Meeting 2
Activity 1
Read the following text carefully.

Ways to Learn to Speak English Well

Millions of people work on learning English every day. Especially in Asian

countries such as Japan, South Korea, and China, children go from their
regular school to English classes at private academies to learn English.
Thousands of Hispanic adults attend community colleges in the United States
to improve their English. The more you speak, read and listen to English, the
easier it will be to speak it well.
1. Watch TV
Watch TV in English. It is tempting to watch television in your native
language rather than trying to understand people who talk fast in English.
However, watching TV in English helps to hone your listening skills and
learn how English is actually spoken. In addition, watching news programs
keeps you abreast of news developments. If you have the captions on, you
can increase your reading ability by reading all the words that show up on
the bottom of the screen.
2. Listen to Audio Materials
Listen to tapes or CDs to learn how English is pronounced and spoken.
There are many cassette tapes and CDs for sale both on the Internet and in
bookstores. Listen while you drive to hone your conversation skills, and
listen at home when doing the dishes or working around the house.
3. Check Out Reading Materials
Read books and magazines. Even though you are not speaking English
when you read them, you are improving your vocabulary and seeing
sentence structure, which is important for learning to speak English well.
After you do some reading, talk with someone in English about what you
read.
4. Take a Class
Take a class in English conversation; even in some rural areas, churches,
community colleges and other organizations provide these classes. Taking
a class will help you learn in an structured way because you can practice
speaking English with the students and the teacher. If you want to learn
from the comfort of your home, you can learn English through the Internet
(see Resources).
5. Practice
Practice speaking English every chance you get. If you are taking a class, go
out to have coffee or a meal with the other students and practice speaking
English. If you live at home and your family speaks both English and
another language, set aside time each day to speak in your non-native
language. Too many families from other countries speak only their native
language at home, and this will not help you learn English. Speaking
English together will improve everyone's English.
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Activity 2
Based on the text, try to write the imperative sentences as many as you can
find. Number one has been done for you.

1. Watch TV in English.
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
6. ____________________________________
7. ____________________________________
8. ___________________________________
9. ____________________________________
10. ____________________________________

Activity 3
Now, try to complete the following text, try to explore your suggestion for the
audience. Number one has been done for you.

How to Make Friends

1. Join an organization or club with

people who have common interests.
You don't necessarily need to have a lot
of common interests with people in
order to make friends with them. In
fact, some of the most rewarding
friendships are between two people
who don't have much in common at all,
but if you like a specific topic, try
searching for just a location.

2. Join a sports team.

3.
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4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
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9.

10.