Department of Language & Linguistics

University Of Chittagong

Assignment on

TYPES OF SPEECH THERAPY

Course Title : Language Disorder
Course Code : LING- 505
Date of Submission: 7th May ,2023

Submitted To Submitted By
Fareen Rahman Farzia Afrin Liza
ID- 16114060
Session : 2019-2020
★Discuss different types of speech therapies used for speech disorder
management.

Speech Disorder: Speech disorder is a condition in which a person has problems creating or
forming the speech sounds needed to communicate with others. This can make the child's
speech difficult to understand.
Speech disorders affect a person’s ability to produce sounds that create words. They are not the
same as language disorders, which make it more difficult for people to learn words or
understand what others are saying to them.
Speech disorders can affect people of all ages which can affect a person’s self-esteem and their
overall quality of life. However, speech therapy, breathing exercises, and, sometimes, anti-
anxiety medications can help improve speech and reduce symptoms.

Causes of Speech Disorder: There are many possible causes of speech disorders, including
muscles weakness, brain injuries, degenerative diseases, autism, and hearing loss etc.

Types of Speech Disorder: Types of speech disorder include stuttering, apraxia, and
dysarthria. There are three general categories of speech disorder:
I) Fluency disorder - This type can be described as an unusual repetition of sounds or
rhythm.
II) Voice disorder -A voice disorder means you have an atypical tone of voice.
III) Articulation disorder - If you have an articulation disorder, you might distort certain
sounds.

Speech Therapy: Speech therapy assesses and treats speech disorders and communication
problems. It helps people develop skills like comprehension, clarity, voice, fluency and sound
production. Speech therapy can treat childhood speech disorders or adult speech impairments
caused by stroke, brain injury or other conditions.
It is a treatment that helps improve 0ne’s speech and language skills. It helps with early
language skills, voice and sound production, comprehension, fluency, clarity and expression.

Who is a speech therapist ?

speech therapist — also called a speech-language pathologist — assesses, diagnoses and treats
speech disorders and communication problems. They treat children with developmental delays,
as well as adults with speech impairments caused by injury or illness.
There are a number of speech therapy techniques that one’s speech-language pathologist may
use to treat his/her condition. Treatment varies significantly for each person, depending on the
type of speech disorder they have. One’s speech pathologist will develop a detailed plan of care
specific to his/her or him/her loved one’s needs.

Types of Speech Therapy Used by Speech Therapists:

A speech-language pathologist can use different types of speech therapy to help people with
problems related to:
I) Fluency (e.g., stuttering, and cluttering)
II) Speech (e.g., articulation)
III) Language (e.g., ability; comprehension of spoken and written language)
IV) Cognition (e.g., attention, memory, ability to solve problems)
V) Voice (e.g., characteristics of vocal tone)
VI) Swallowing (e.g., stroke, congenital disorders)

In addition to different speech therapy techniques, SLPs may also provide auditory habilitation
& auditory rehabilitation for people with hearing problems or disorders.
Some SLPs specialize in other services including professional voice development, accent or
dialect modification, transgender voice therapy, business communication modification, and
voice hygiene
There are the 4 most common types of Speech Therapy .These are:
I) Speech Therapy for Stuttering.
II) Speech Therapy for Apraxia of Speech.
III) Speech Therapy for Aphasia.
IV) Speech Therapy For Swallowing Difficulty.

Speech Therapy for Stuttering

Speech therapy techniques can be applied to help treat stuttering.
Stuttering is one of the most common speech disorders, with up to 10% of all kids struggling
with it. As a result, most SLPs have a tremendous amount of experience in helping kids with this
condition. Stuttering is a problem that typically develops during childhood but can develop
during adulthood as well. Stuttering is usually considered a type of behavioral problem. Speech
therapists will try to teach the child who stutters behavioral modification techniques that in turn
may help control their stuttering.
A common method that may be used on the child is to teach them to control the rate of speech
since speaking too quickly can make stuttering worse for some people. Practicing speech in a
slower, more fluent manner can be helpful. It can also be helpful to monitor breathing.

Speech Therapy for Apraxia of speech:

Certain speech therapy techniques are helpful for kids with apraxia.
Children with apraxia of speech have difficulty saying certain syllables or making certain sounds.
Your child knows what they want to say, but it doesn't seem to come out right. Speech
therapists are qualified to evaluate children for apraxia by using several tests, including:
Oral-motor assessment to check for muscle weakness in the jaw, lips, or tongue.
Melody of speech assessment during which the therapist listens to see if they can appropriately
stress certain syllables and use pitch and pauses at the appropriate place in a sentence
Speech sound assessment further determines how well the child can pronounce sounds,
including vowels, consonants, and sound combinations. This includes determining how well
others are able to understand the child's conversational speech
If child is diagnosed with apraxia, they will probably need speech therapy on a one-on-one basis
several times per week. This therapy will likely consist of intensively practicing their speech. The
therapist will try to help the child understand auditory feedback as well as visual or tactile cues.
One way a therapist might do this is to have the child look at themselves in a mirror while
speaking, or record them speaking and then playing it back. Many children enjoy this.

Speech Therapy for Aphasia

Some speech therapy methods help people with aphasia. Speech therapy assessments can also
help determine if someone has the condition.
Aphasia is a condition that causes difficulty speaking as a result of some sort of damage to the
brain. The condition can also consist of difficulty listening, reading, and writing. Aphasia
happens to many adults after they have experienced a stroke.
Speech therapists play a crucial role in diagnosing aphasia by evaluating an individual's ability to
understand others, express themselves, and even swallow. There are many different things a
speech therapist might do to help a person with aphasia, including:
Drills to improve specific language skills
Group therapy to improve conversational skills
Gestures and writing to augment their communication skill
Speech Therapy for Swallowing Difficulty:
When most parents think of disorders affecting their child’s speech, swallowing difficulties are
usually the last to come to mind. The truth, however, is quite the opposite.
As kids with swallowing problems struggle to maintain fine control over their mouth and
tongue, their speech can come out different than expected. On top of that, swallowing
problems are typically caused by nerve damage or problems in the head and neck area, which
can further complicate their struggles with speech.
A speech therapist can help a child improve their speech skills by recommending swallowing
exercises to strengthen their mouth, increase the range of tongue motion, and improve chewing
habits. All of these combined will help child swallow food and liquids more effectively, leading
to a significant improvement in their speech.
The key is to work with the child and help them practice those drills at home.

Speech Therapy for Late Talkers

A common speech therapy method is used to help children who have reached the expected age
for speech development but have not started talking.
If one’s infant or toddler should be talking by now but isn't, they may be referred to a speech
therapist. The therapist will likely try different things to encourage his/her child to talk, including
playing with him. Sometimes, withholding a favorite toy until a child asks for it motivates small
children to talk, but this depends on the circumstance.
For some children, other types of communication, such as sign language or picture cards, might
be introduced. Speech therapists may also refer your child for further evaluation, such as
hearing tests if necessary.

Summary
There are different types of speech therapy that can be used to treat various disorders affecting
speech, hearing, and swallowing. Children and adults with speech delays, apraxia, swallowing
problems, and certain medical conditions may benefit from working with a speech therapist.

THE END