DEPARTMEN T OF PHYSICS

S. P. COLLEGE
CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR

5 YEAR IN TEGRATED M.Sc. PHYSICS

7" SEMESTER

CENTRJC
ELECTIVE IGPHY18-E705/ PGPHY21-E105
(DCE)
Compulsory PGPHY21-E106 INTERMEDIATE PHYSICS - I
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IGPHY!8-G707/PGPHY21-G!08 INTRODUCTION TO
OMY

IGPHYI 8-O708/ PGPHY2I-OI09 PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDA-

TIONS OF QUANTUM MECHAN-
ICS
IGPHYI8-O709/PGPHY2 I-OIIO BIOPHYSICS 32 hrs

56
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
CORE COURSE - THEORY
TITLE, MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS - IV
COURSE CODE: IGPHY18-C701/ PGPHY21-C101 CREDITS: 04
Total Marks: 100 Marks Contact Hours: 64 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks
Objective: This course introduces different mathematical tools used in physics to the students at advanced
level. The course is a very relevant one for students as the mathematical techniques introduced find applications
in every brunch of physics and other quantitative sciences.
Course Outcome: This course will enable the students to learn the advanced concepts in mathematical physics
which find applications in the course of quantum mechanics like Grum-Schmidt orlhoyonalisation, eigenvalue
problem etc. In classical electrodynamics Laplace and Poisson equations and Green's function is used which is
taught to the students in this course. The course lets the students to use of differential equations to understand
various physical phenomena . Besides this they learn the complex variable theory.

UNIT I
Vector Spaces: Vectors in function spaces, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation, Operators, Self-Adjoint Opera-
tors, Unitary Operators , Invariants.
Eigenvalue Problem: Eigenvalue equation, Matrix eigenvalue problems, Hermitian eigenvalue problems, Her-
mitian Matrix diagonalization, Normal Matrices.

UNIT II
Ordinary Differential Equations: Review of First & second order ODEs with Constant coefficients, Second-
Order Linear ODEs , Frobenius Method of solution, Other Solutions.
Sturm-Liouville Theory: Hermitian Operators, ODE Eigenvalue Problems, Variation Method.

UNIT III
Partial differential Equations: Review of First and Second order Equations, Separation of Variables,
Laplace, Poisson , Wave and Diffusion Equation.
Green' s Functions: One DimcnsionaJ Problems, Problems in two and three Dimensions.

UNIT IV
Complex Variable Theory: Review of complex variables and functions , Cauchy-Riemann Conditions, Cauchy's
lntegra1 Theorem and Formula, Laurent Expansion, Singularities, CaJculus of Residues, Definite integrals and

Text(s):
1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, F.E. Harris,7e, Elsevier, 2013.

Reference Books:

1. Mathematica] Physics, A Modern Introduction to its Foundation, Sadri Hassani ,2e, Springer, 2012.

2. Mathematics For Physicists, P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki , Dover,1996.

3. A Physicist's Introduction to Algebraic Structures, Palash B. Pal , CAMBRIDGE, 2019.
4. A Course in Modern Mathematical Physics, P. Szekeres, CAMBRI DGE, 2004.
5. Introduction to Mathematical P hysics, M. T. Vaughn, Wiley-VCR, 2007.
6. Partial differential Equations , An Introduction, W. A. Strauss, 2e, Wiley, 2007.
7. Mathematical Physics, E. Butkov, Addison-Wesley, 1966.
8. Fundamentals of Mathematica] Physics, E. A. Kraut, Dover, 1995.
9. Methods of Theoretical P hysics, P. M. Morse and H. Feshbach, Vol. I & II, Feshbach Publishing, 198 1.

57
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
CORE COURSE - THEORY
TITLEc QUAN TUM MECHAN ICS - I
COURSE CODE: IGPHY18-C702/ PGPHY21-Cl02 CREDITS: 04
Total Marks: 100 Marks Contact Hours: 64 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks
Objective: The primary aim of the course is to provide an introduction to the mathematical formulation
of Quantum Mechanics alony with its physical principles. In addition, this course discusses in detail and at
advanced level some of the most important time-independent JD and SD problems in Quantum Mechanics.
Course Outcome: The main outcome of this course is to learn the basic principle of quantum mechanics
i.e. uncerlainty principle and its implications, the use of operators, wave Junction and its properties, solviny
Schrodinyer wave equation for various quantum mechanical systems. like potential well and hannonic oscillator-.
Besides, the anyulu.r- m omentum alyebrn and motion in centrnl field, at length.

UNIT I
Basic Concepts: The Uncertainty principle, Principle of superposition, Operators, Addition and Multiplica-
tion of Operators, the Continuous spectrum, Classical Limit, Wave function and Measurements.
Energy & Momentum: The Hamiltonian Operator, The differentiation of Operator with time, Stationary
states, Matrices, Transformation of Matrices, Heisenberg representation of Operators, The density Matrix,
Momentum, Uncertainty relations.
UNIT II
Schrodinger's Equation: Schrodinger's Equation, Fundamental properties of Schrodinger's equation, the
current density, Variational principle, General properties of motion in one dimension, The potential well , The
Linear Oscillator, Motion in Homogeneous field, The transmission coefficient.
UNIT III
Angular Momentum: Angular Momentum, Eigenvalues of angular momentum, Eigenfunctions of angular
momentum, Matrix elements of vectors, Parity of a state, Addition of Angular Momentum.

UNIT IV
Centrally Symmetric field: Motion in centrally symmetric field , Spherical Waves, Resolution of plane wave,
Fall of a particle to the centre, Motion in Coulomb field (Spherical & Parabolic Coordinates).
Text(s):
1. Quantum Mechanics (Non - relativistic theory), L. D. Landau and E. M. Liftshitz, 3e, Elsevier, 2005.
Reference Books:
1. Modern Quantum Mechanics, J. J. Sakurai and J. Napolitano, 2e, Addison Wesley, 2011.
2. Quantum Mechanics, E. Merzbacher, 3e, John Wiley, 1998.
3. Quantum Mechanics, An lntroduction,W. Greiner, 4e, Springer, 2001.
4. Quantum Mechanics: Symmetries, W. Greiner, b. Muller, 2e, Springer, 1994.
5. Quantum Mechanics, K. Gottfried and Tung-Mow Yun, 2e, Springer,2003.
6. Principles of Quantum Mechanics, R. Shankar, 2e, Kluwer Publishers, 1994.
7. Quantum Mechanics: A Modern Development, L. E. Ballentine, World Scientific, 2000.
8. Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and applications, N. Zettli, 2e, Wiley, 2016.
9. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D. J. Griffiths, 2e, Pearson, 2006.
10. Quantum Mechanics, L. I. Schiff, 3e, McGraw Hill International, 1955.
11. Principles of Quantum Mechanics, P.A. M. Dirac, Oxford Press, 1930.
12. Quantum Mechanics, A. Messiah, Vol. I & II, North-Holland Publishing, 1958.

58
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 1" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
CORE COURSE - LAB

TITLE, LAB COURSE - I

COURSE CODE: IGPHY18-C703/ PGPHY21-C103 CREDITS: 04

Total Marks: 100 Marks Contact Hours: 128 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks

Objective: This laboratory content provides the observational understanding of the subject at advanced level
and modern techniques.

Description
T here shall be about 20 experiments available in the lab out of which the student shall have to complete at
least 06 experiments in this semester. T he list of experiments presently available is as follows:

l. To determine the wave length of a laser with a diffraction grating.

2. To determine the energy gap of a semiconductor using Four probe method.

3. To determine the dead t ime and absorption Co-efficient using G.M. Counter.

4. To Determination e/m ratio of electron by J.J. Thomson 's method

5. To Determination e/m ratio of electron by Helical method

6. Determination of Plank's constant using Photoelectric Effect

7. Determination of Rydberg's constant using Hydrogen discharge tube.

8. To determine Charge of an electron using Milikan Oil drop Experiment.

59
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
DCE COURSE - THEORY

TITLK CLASSICAL MECHAN ICS

COURSE CODE: IGPHY18-E704/PGPHY21-E104 CREDITS: 04

Total Marks: 100 Marks Contact Hours: 64 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks

Objective: The course aims to develop an understanding of Lagrungian and Hamiltonian foTTnulation which
enable the students for simplified treatments of many complex problems in classical mechanics and provides the
foundation for the modern understanding of dynamics in the detailed way. This course forms the basis of many
areas of Physics.
Course outcome: Starling from the definition of yenernlize CQOrdinates the Layrungian equations are derived
using D'Alemberl 's principle and Hamilton's principle. The Layrunyianformulation is used to study the centrul
for-ce problem. Besides, the Hamilton's equations of motion are derived and applied. The rigid body dynamics and
small oscillations in addition to canonical transformation and Poisson bracket is studied to solve the classical
systems. The powerful method of Hamilton-Jacobi to solve the problems like that of harmonic oscillator is also
learnt.

UNIT I
Variational Principle: Generalised coordinates, Constrains, D' Alemert's Principle, Hamiltons principle, La-
grange equations, Conservation Theorems and symmetry, Energy function and conservation.
Central Force: Equivalent one body problem, Equation of motion and first integrals, classification of orbits,
The Virial theorem, Differential equation of orbit, Bertrand's theorem, Kepler problem, The Laplace-Rung-Lenz
Vector, Scattering in Central Field, Scattering problems in Laboratory coordinates.

UNIT II
Rigid body Kinematics: Coordinates, orthogonal transformation, properties of transformation matrix, Euler
angles, Calay-Klein parameters, infinitesimal and finite rotations, rate of change of a vector.
Rigid body dynamics: Angular momentum and kinetic energy of motion about a point, the inertial tensor,
eigenvalues of inertial tensor and principal axis of transformation, Euler equations of motion, Torque free motion
of rigid body.

UNIT III
Oscillations: systems with many degrees of freedom, Eigenvalue equation, principal axis of transformation,
free vibrations and normal coordinates, example of linear triatomic molecule, Forced vibrations, dissipative
effects, The damped driven pendulum.
Hamilton's Formulation: Legendre transformation, cyclic coordinates, Routh's procedure, The principle of
least action, relativistic considerations of Hamilton's formulation.

UNIT IV
Canonical transformations Equations of canonical transformation, examples, Poisson brackets, equations of
motion and conservation theorem in Poisson bracket formulations , Liouvile's theorem.
Hamilton Jacobi Theory: Hamilton Jacobi equation, example of harmonic oscillator, Hamiltons character-
istic function, separation of variables in H-J equation, Kepler problem, Action angle variables, Kepler problem
in action angle variables.
Text(s),

L Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, C. Poole, J. Safko, 3e, Pearson, 2000.

Reference Books:

L Mechanics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Liftshitz, 3e, Elsevier, 1976.

2. Classical Mechanics: System of Particles and Hamiltonian Dynamics, W. Greiner, Springer,2003.

60
3. Analytical Mechanics, L. N. Hand and J. D. Finch, CAMBRIDGE, 1998.

4. C lassical Mechanics, A Course of Lectures, A. K. Raychaudhari, Oxford Press, 1983.

5. Classical Mechanics, An introduction, D. Strauch , Springer , 2009.

6. Classical Mechanics, J.C. Upadhyaya, 2e, Himalaya publishing, 2014.

7. C lassical Mechanics: Point particles and Relativity, W. Greiner, Springer, 2004.

8. Mathematical methods of classical mechanics, V. I. Arnold, 2e, Springer-Verlag, 1989.

61
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
DCE COURSE - THEORY
TITLE ELECTRODYNAMICS - I
COURSE CODE, IGPHY1 S-E705/PGPHY21-E105 CREDITS, 04
Total Marks: 100 Marks Contact Hours: 64 hrs
Inte rnal Assessment Test : Marks
End Term Examination: Marks
Objective: the course aims to develop the fundamental concepts in classical electrodynamics. For students who
are already familiar with the basics of electromagnetism, Maxwell's equations will be introduced and they will be
equipped with advanced mathematical methods to tackle various boundary value problem s in electrodynamics.
Course outcome: At the end of the course the students shall be able to understand electrodynamics as a
boundary value problem and use advanced mathematical techniques to solve related problems in electrostatistics
and magnetostatics. Besides this multipole expansion, time varying fields and Electromagnetic waves are also
discussed at length.
UNIT I
Review: Gauss's Law, Differential form of Gauss's law , Scalar potential, Surface distribution of charges and
dipoles, Poisson's and Laplace's equation , Green's theorem, Uniqueness t heorem, Formal solution of boundary-
va1ue problem, Green's functions , Electrostatic potential energy.
Boundary-Value Problems-I: Method of images, point charge and grounded conducting sphere, point charge
and conducting sphere in uniform field , Method of inversion, Green's function for sphere, conducting sphere with
hemispheres at different potentials, orthogonal functions and expansions, separation of variables in rectangular
coordinates.
UNIT II
Boundary Value ProbleillS -II: Cylindrical coordinates, expansion of Green's function in spherical coordi-
nates, eigenfunction expansion of Green's functions, Mixed boundary conditions, charged conducting disc.
Multipole Expansion: Multipole expansion of energy of charge distribution in external field, macroscopic elec-
trostatics, simple dielectrics and boundary conditions, molecular polarizability & electric susceptibility, modes
of molecular polarizability, electrostatic energy in dielectric media.
UNIT III
Magnetostatics: The Law of Biot & Savart, Differential equations of magnetostatics & Ampere's Law, Vector
potential, magnetic induction of a circular loop of current, Localized current distribution, magnetic moment,
force and torque on localised currents in the external field, macroscopic equation, boundary conditions, uniformly
magnetised sphere, magnetised sphere in an external field, permanent magnets
Time varying Fields: Faraday's law of induction, Energy in magnetic fi eld, Maxwell 's Displacement current,
Maxwell's equations, Vector and scalar potentials, wave equations, Gauge transformation, Green's function for
time independent wave equation, init ial value problem, Kirchoff's integral representation, Pointing t heorem,
conservation laws, Macroscopic equations.
UNIT IV
Electromagnetic Waves: Plane waves in non-conducting media, linear and circular polarization, superposi-
t ion of waves, group velocity, propagat ion of pulse in dispersive medium, reflection and refraction, polarization
by reflection, total internal reflection, waves in conducting media, simple model for conductivity.
Text(s),
1. Classical Electrodynamics, J. D. Jackson, 2e, John Wiley, 1962.
Reference Books:
I. C lassical Electrodynamics, W. Griener, Springer, 1998.
2. T he Classical Theory of Fields, L. D. Landau and E. M. Liftshitz, 4e, Elsevier, 2005.
3. Introduction to electrodynamics, 0. J. Griffiths, 3e, Pearson , 2006.
4. Electrodynamics and Classical theory of Fields and Particles, A. 0. Barut, Dover, 1979.
5. Electrodynamics, Yu. V. Novozhilov and Yu. A. Yappa, Mir Publishers, 1986.
6. C lassical Electrodynamics, J . Schwinger, L. L. OeRaad, K. A. Milton, Wu-Yang Tsi, Perseus Books, 1997.
7. P roblems in electrodynamics, V. V. Batygin and I. N. Toptygin, 2e, Academic Press, 1977.

62
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
DCE COURSE - THEORY

TITLEc IN TERMEDIATE PHYSICS- I

COURSE CODE: PGPHY21-E106 CREDITS, 04

Total Marks: 100 Marks Contact Hours: 64 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks

Objective: The course covers Afa.xwell's equations, propagation of electromagnetic (em) waves in different
homogeneous-isotropic as well as anisotropic unbounded and bounded media, production and detection of different
types of polarized em waves.
Course Outcome: This course will enable the students to learn the about the nitty-gritty of EM waves and
their propagation isotropic and anisotropic media, including the various wave phenomena at material interfaces.

UNIT I
Review of EM Waves & Fields: Review of Maxwell's equations, Displacement Current , Vector and Scalar
Potentials, Gauge Transformations, Lorentz and Coulomb Gauge, Boundary Conditions at Interface between
Different Media, Wave Equations, Plane Waves in Dielectric Media, Poynting Theorem and Poynting Vector,
Electromagnetic (EM) Energy Density, Physical Concept of Electromagnetic Field Energy Density, Momentum
Density and Angular Momentum Density.

UNIT II
EM Waves through isotropic media: Plane EM waves through vacuum and isotropic dielectric medium,
transverse nature of plane EM waves, refractive index and dielectric constant, wave impedance, Propagation
through conducting media, relaxation time, Wave propagation through dilute plasma, electrical conductivity of
ionised gases, plasma frequency, refractive index, skin depth, application to propagation through ionosphere.

UNIT III
EM Waves at boundaries of media: Boundary conditions at a plane interface between two media, Reflection
& Refraction of plane waves at plane interface between two dielectric media-Laws of Reflection & Refraction.
Fresnel's Formulae for p erpendicular & parallel polarisation cases, Brewster's law, Reflection & Transmission
coefficients. Total internal reflection, evanescent waves, Metallic reflection (normal Incidence).

UNIT IV
EM Waves through anisotropic media: Description of Linear, Circular and Elliptical Polarisation, Propa-
gation ofE.M. Waves in Anisotropic Media, Symmetric Nature of Dielectric Tensor, Fresnel 's Formula, Uniaxial
and Biaxial Crystals, Light Propagation in Uniaxial Crystal , Double Refraction, Polarisation by Double Re--
fraction , Nicol Prism, Ordinary & extraordinary refractive indices, Product ion & detection of Plane, Circularly
and Elliptically Polarised Light, Phase Retardation Plates, Quarter-Wave and Half-Wave Plates, Bahinet Com-
pensator and its Uses, Analysis of Polarised Light.

Text(s)c

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 3rd Ed. , 1998, Benjamin Cummings.

Reference Books:

1. Elements of Electromagnetics, M.N.O. Sadiku, 2001 , Oxford University Press.

2. Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory, T. L. Chow, 2006 , Jones & Bartlett Learning

3. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics, M.A. W. Miah, 1982, Tata McGraw Hill

4. Electromagnetic field Theory, R. S. Kshetrimayun, 2012, Cengage Learning

63
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
GE COURSE - THEORY

TITLE ELECTRON ICS - I

COURSE CODE IGPHY18-G706/ PGPHY21-G107 CREDITS, 02

Total Marks: 50 Marks Contact Hours: 32 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks

Objective: This course aims at providing thorough understanding of basic electronics.

Course Outcome: The students shall be able to understand basic electronics, semiconductor diodes, and its
applications, transistor, BIT, FET, MOSFET structure, working and application

UNIT I
Semi Conductor Diodes: Classification of solids based on energy band theory, Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-
conductors, Donor and acceptor impurit ies energy levels, PN junction diode- IV characteristics, Energy hand
diagram, Diode equation, Zener diode as a voltage regulator- circuit diagram and explanation for load a nd
line regulation , LED- circuit symbol, operation and applications, Block diagram of a Power Supply, Full wave
Bridge rectifier.

UNIT II
Transistors: BJT, Transistor fundamentals , Transistor configuration, De operating point, BJT Characteristics
and parameters, fixed bias, emitter bias with and without emitter resistance, variation of operating point and
its stability. JFET: Basic structure and operation of JFET, calculation of pinch off voltage, FET Biasing,
FET as a voltage variable resistor (VVR). MOSFET: structure, working, characteristics, Junction capacitance,
threshold voltage.

Text(s),

I. J . Milman, C. Halkias, Millman's Integrated Electronics - Analog and Digital Circuit and Systems, 2e,
2017.

2. Donald A Neaman, "Semiconductor Physics and Devices", Third Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill Inc., 2007.

3. Robert L. Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, P rentice-Hall of India,
1999.

Reference Books:

I. Semiconductor Devices Physics and Technology, S M Sze, (2007), John Wiley and Sons Inc.

2. Electronic Principles, A P Malvina, (Sixth Edition, 1999), Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

3. Electronic Principles and Applications, A. B. Bhattacharya, 2006, New Central Book Agency, New Delhi

64
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
GE COURSE - THEORY
TITLE, INTRODUCTION TO ASTRONOMY

COURSE CODE, IGPHY18-G707/ PGPHY21-G!08 CREDITS, 02

Total Marks: 50 Marks Contact Hours: 32 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks

Objective: Course Outcome: The course gives a romprehensive introduction on the measurement of basic
astronomical pammeters such as astronomical scales, luminosity and astronomical quantities. This course gives
an ovenliew on key developments in obseroational astronomy.
Course outcomes: By the course end, students shall be able to understand scientific nomenclature of stars,
various coordinates systems used in astronomical studies, and various methods of measuring stellar measure-
ments, and H-R diagrams amoung other things.

UNIT I
Astronomical/Stellar Coordinates: Celestial Sphere and Time; Constellations and nomenclature of stars.
The cardinal points and circles on the celestial sphere. Equatorial, ecliptic and galactic system of co-ordinates.
Spherical triangle and related problems. Aspects of sky from different places on the earth. Twilight, Seasons,
Sidereal. Apparent and Mean solar time and their relations. Equation of time. Ephemeris and Atomic Times.
Calendar. Julian date and heliocentric correction.

UNIT II
Stellar Measurements: Stellar Distances and Magnitudes; Distances of stars from the trigonometric, sta-
tistical and moving cluster parallax. Stellar motions. Magnitude scale and magnitude systems. Atmospheric
extinction. Ahsolute magnitudes and distance modulus. Stellar Classification, H- R Diagram, Black-body
approximation to the continuous radiation and temperatures of stars. Variable stars as distance indicators.

Text(s),

l. W.M.Smart: Text hook of Spherical Astronomy, 6e, CAMBRIDGE.

2. K.D.Ahhyankar: Astrophysics: Stars and Galaxies.Tata McGraw Hill Publication

Reference Books:

1. A. E. Roy, Orbital Motion, 4e, CRC Press. 2005.

2. S. W. McCusky, Introduction to Celestial Mechanics, Addison-Wisley, 1963.

3. G. 0. Abell, Exploration of the Universe, 7e, Brooks/Cole, 1995.

4. Albrecht Unsold, New Cosmos, 2e, Springer, 1967.

5. Baidyanath Basu, Introduction to Astrophysics, 2e, PHI, 2013

65
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
OE COURSE - THEORY
TITLE, PHILOSIPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

COURSE CODE, IGPHY1 S-O/PGPHY21-O109 CREDITS, 02

Total Marks: 50 Marks Contact Hours: 32 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks

Objective: The course aims at the philosophical aspect of quantum mechanics primarily during its development.
Course outcomes: The course discusses various interpretations of quantum mechanics and a famous debate
of Bohr and Einstein. The students shall be able to understand EPR pamdox, Bohm 's hidden variable theory
among other things.

UNIT I
Formalism and Interpretations: Early Semi classical Interpretations, The conceptual situation in 1926/1927.
Schrodinger's electromagnetic interpretation, Hydrodynamic interpretations, Born's original probabilistic inter-
pretation, De Broglie's double-solution interpretation, Later semi classicaJ interpretations, The Indeterminacy
Relations, The early history of the indeterminacy relations, Heisenberg's reasoning, Subsequent derivations
of the indeterminacy relations, Philosophical implications, Later developments, Early Versions of t he Com-
plementarity Interpretation, Bohr's Como lecture, Critical remarks, "Parallel"and "circular"complementarity,
HistoricaJ precedents.

UNIT II
Bohr-Einstein Debate:The Bohr-Einstein Debate, The Fifth Solvay Congress, Early discussions between
Bohr and Einstein.
EPR paradox & Hidden Variable theory:The Sixth Solvay Congress, Later discussions on the photon-box
experiment, and the time-energy relation, Some evaluations of the Bohr-Einstein debate,The Incompleteness
Objection and Later Versions of t he Complementarity Interpretation, The interactionality conception of micro-
physical attributes, The prehistory of the EPR argument, The EPR incompleteness argument, Early reactions to
the EPR argument, The relat ional conception of quantum states, Mathematica] elaborations , Further reactions
to t he EPR argument, The acceptance of t he complementarity interpretation, Hidden-Variable Theories.

Text(s):

1. Max Jammer: The P hilosophy of Quantum Mechanics; The interpretation of Quantum Mechanics in
historical perspective.

Reference Books:

l. Michael Redhead: Incompleteness, Nonlocality, and Realism: A Prolegomenon to the P hilosophy of Quan-
tum Mechanics

2. A. Patrick., S. J Heelan: Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity: A Study of the Physical Philosophy of
Werner Heisenberg

3. Michel Bitbol: Schrodinger's Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics

66
 CLUSTER UN IVERSITY SRIN AGAR
SYLLABUS- SEMESTER 7" (CBCS) - INTEGREATED M.SC PHYSICS
OE COURSE - THEORY
TITLE, BIOPHYSICS

COURSE CODE, IGPHY18-O709/ PGPHY21-O110 CREDITS, 02

Total Marks: 50 Marks Contact Hours: 32 hrs
Internal Assessment Test: Marks
End Term Examination: Marks

Objective: TThe objective of this course is to introduce interdisciplinary subject biophysics. This course also
aims to give insights to the students on applications of physics in Biosystems
Course outcomes: After completion of this course, the students will have good fundamental understanding,
on biophysics and its allied areas related to Physics

UNIT I
Radiological Physics:Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation, Radiation Units, Exposure and Dose, Dose
equivalent Unit, Particle flux, X Rays and Gamma Rays, their interaction with matter, Photoelectric and
Compton effect, Ion pair production, Principles of Radiation detection and measurements, General requirement
of dosimeters, Tele-gamma Unit (Cobalt Unit), Radio Isotopes in Biology, Agriculture plant breeding, soil plant
relationship and plant physiology, Medicine and diagnosis.

UNIT II
Radiation Safety measures:Natural and manmade Radiation exposure or principle of Dose Equivalent limit
(DEL) , Maximum permissible Dose (MPD) , Evaluation of External and internal Radiation hazards, Radiation
protection measures in Industrial establishment, Radio Isotope labs, Diagnostics and therapeutic installations
during transportation of Radioactive substances, Disposal of Radioactive waste, Administrative and Legislative
aspect of Radiation protection

Text(s):
l. Casarett A.P. (1968), Radiation Biology, Prentice-hall Inc.

2. Clause W.D. (1958), Radiation Biology and Medicine, Addison- Wesley.

3. Grosch D.S. (1979), Biological effects of Radiation, Academic Press.

Reference Books:

l. Knoll G.E. (1979), Radiation detection and measurement, John Wiley and sons.

2. Howard L.A. (1974) , Radiation Biophysics, Prentice Hall Inc.

67