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(Verb) Control /
(Noun) Control .5 &-5 5) 5 *# * ,2
(
I& ;= ,= <=& 2 ! 9
/ 5) ;2
*-E <
) , "K ;2
Control measure .+-&
Hazard 5) Biological @=""- =5)
# , ,2 , ! N ;
P -- 2
. Physical hazard @*-5 2 Chemical hazard @> 2 hazard
Step 5) H= =K E
@ # )
,
- ! 7# + , 2 2
.>/
HACCP/ " 5& 5) +
.(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points)
/ 5) =" =*) .> =! H 9 D
C *- "M
&
HACCP Plan => ! 5=) =D
C HACCP = Q
- 7 6D-
* & :(I

.
+ > !
5) .,* > ? H > ! 7# 5) 7- RA 55)
Flow diagram
=D
="
P 5) ,2 *
)
5) + <=2 B
=
& ' <
+ <"
5)
&- + & F !
Hazard Analysis . +> T*-- & 8 " "
K 5) +# , S ! 9
" 5& ,=A =- =-: 5 /*A " M 5) , *# 5)
Critical Control Point =# = =5) U: +

, ") K F*# * D
.'/
"

+=-& ? +-& ,- 8
) * J) 2 :
Critical limit K B
P / K +-& TD ,- #(

F-)E (#
.H , J) H 2 * # "K )
Deviation .("

5)) "

6& , ,

" 5& 7A & 9 , " ( /9) ,
*- 2 -: < F55) @&-5 M ,2 , 6& 6:
+" +# 5
Monitoring .*5& 2 K 1 -:
6& K DAM- & , ? -)E (&) -
65 6-5
Verification ./ 5) (- 8E B

(
#) -:
9# +="2 , / 5)
*"- "/" + 6D &
6& <"2
2
Validation 5) # 7" ,2 ,
C ' A
K 5) 9
* "K
.&:

90 ‫א
א
אא‬
:

+=" = ? =>

(Pillsbury) ;-- 0 2
- 1960 D 4
=! 9= ,=A +*D , N- = = =D =A(
.>A( / 2 A( +"
& ”Zero defects“
./ @&-5 @ + 0
: 1971 D 4
=
) F/ -
+2 7A- 0 : 1973 D 4
+= =/( Q
=- = !

K 0(
D
." 5& 5)
.A A() -* ? D / 6-5 1974 D 4
=& =
,
# & D B&
+# 1985 D 4
=*
= =&) < (National Academy Science) (NAS) *
5
/ ,C- >/

D2 F(/ ? "-
="K D *-
& 65- <K +# "- 5)
. 6-5 ? " *# -"2 ' - FY(
Codex > ! # 50E- #) I
" 0K 7A 4
= =D
&* ,0* " D Commission Food Healthy) (CCFH)
"=/ = 6-5 +
0K 55)" ,*-

" & " - F1993

== =D ==/A =! A & 1 ,2 " =E
=:
:,= & 1 "
2 F ? # ,>0 * Q
-- =#)
.(General principle of food hygiene)
:

: 5& D /
>D J) ,
= , / ,K N ! 9 D *0 ,"
/ 41
F =! ,= >=0 T D +ADC
>/ ,
*
"= 5)2 U: + , +& D I2 - >:
K
.> ! " 9 , C0 +)
+2 " ,
+
= =M += 7" +9) H
" *- &5 + 42
.78
91 ‫א
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= , ;2 N
D # +*D "K /- 8 43
. & "
U=" ,/= B0 +& <K
& H D '/ &
8 44
.-* "
.*
45
"
# -2 RD ' - <( - ID ,2 H R 46
.
E - 6
:

- (Pre-requisite Programs) / 6-5 +-: -5
.@# ,Z ? M >9 ? D '
/ 5) ,
+=-: > ! C0 D ( &
0 H- T*-

: / 6-5
=& @*- &-5 , ,2 "

* C0 * # 50E 41
=# # ,K N .(GMP)
" *# - #)
,=
=* D 9#M D >9 7: ) F-
0 2
"
.5) D -E D )2 " A
,2 F M D
) 1
# D ( H- 42
,=Z = ,2 ,=
=C (
G - +
*-) - : H- ,
,
C 7 ! 9
R5 2 > ! 7# D
)9
,2 E
6> # D /- (E ;A , 9"
"
=# 5=0E 7 6D >:
) 1 D
.-"

=" =# =
H- F
" # D 43
1 = , ,2 " F< ) D ! 7 ,* #)0 '
:K +# ,* T* & H-
.,* -5 #)0 D ; 2 6& 4
D
65 , +
9* #)0 ' , 4
.
" #
92 ‫א
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<- C0- 8" + ,C- @

P H- , ,2 /5 H- 44
=#)
=- '= +" 7 F >9
(#- /5
=D
)=
=
=* /5 ' FH--
.> ! 7#
:[ +0 ,2 " /5 H-

=
= = / ;"

* F 4
.
.H- ( , +> J)0 4
.
) 65 4
./
)
/5 2 4
./5
4
=D =*- = "M 7" , ,2 0 D H- 41

1 F *D -M
# D & " 0 D
./ + +0 K @A2 0 ,2 "
E[ ,2 =/
C F ? *# B
6 >: # H- 42
.
" #- # ! P ,2 , , -
.()
M H- 43
.,/ B0 +" H- 44
.H , * @"- C0 , ,2 45
H U" ( F78 +9) H 7- ( 6 H- 46
. ! 9- 6* 5) 0 D
:U"E H- D [
,2 "
.U"E 6D 4
.6( 6 4
.U"9 5) 7A 4
.H , C

: 5)
0 & 7 4
=- @=*D <K " +-: @
& U"E 7- H- ( -) ,2 4
. (Mock Recalls) U"
93 ‫א
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:

Assemble the HACCP team / 6D 7" 41 4
=-) * /
##) ;
* J)02 " , 6( +0

.<*# &5 H - ##)
.5-AE #- 6( A2 8 ,2 " 42
= =) =D -)- , D* U95M * ,2 " 4
.M- &*
./ ,# ,/( ,2 " 4
:Product Description H # 42
.9
@ @(# H # 41
\5 H 2 (+ 8") >/ > ? H + 42
F(Aw , pH) +=0 >= /=*-5 =- #) *

43
.^... D
9*
.H + - B 44
FH= 7=8 6=5 F,8) F/ &5 F
) -* 45
.....^ F'/ H /- T* #
=&5
=
=!- :Identify the intended use H=
) ( # 41
2 >=/
) +-: , H *:
)E I2 H
)E
F, , >( F
E D " , ,
: .'/
.A E 2 P D ! E +
=5) += :Construct flow diagram H= 6D
2 5) + 42
7=" := +0 ,2 " F/ 6D 5- H 7# 5)
=/ 6=D A2 * -) @
' *# * 5)
RA >/ H 78 ) , _
- 5) # FH-
:= F: F "
+ *# 5) + 89 +#( 7" /
50 D - F+: F(
F
) +) &
.^...
:On-site verification of flow diagram 7=: 5) , 6& 43
+"= =K DAM- 7: "M * + + 6( A2 J(
. 5) D9) ;2 +" F"M * D 2
94 ‫א
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:

: 2 5) 7- 8
:Conduct a hazard analysis 5) * •

=5) ,= =5) ;2 D 5)- >:

K 5) 1 D
5=) 1 / + + 7 ! 9 ,Z

/ D ;* C / F7#
./D I&

: T?2 9 6& / 5) `( 5) + -*
./D I& 5)
#

4
. ! 9 ,A H 2 *# * -5 9
*

4
." 5&

2
: + 4
'=/D !- &* 5) U2 D- M / 6( 8 5) 1 6-5
:, ,2 2 /D > ! 5) , U2 9
: Biological Hazards "- 5) 41
2 8=- 2 =A =-
=" , C0 A
.(
: : K /& , "- 5)
# ,LD 8"L-
Pathogenic Bacteria A - *
49"=0 4 –
&* - 4 -
–9 +
.? 4,& -
Viruses ( *
.;
- I( +
=-E =- += Parasitic Protozoa and Worms ,
=
8- *
.IE
= =! 6=5 , +& "- 5) ,LD <D '0 E
,C=D ' = .=*-5 2 > 5)
# , 5)
0 - @0
= =A& =/9) , , 65 7A H- ; >
/
. ! + , " T D - ,2 , &:
>
95 ‫א
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:Chemical Hazards > 5) 42

=" N= =" ! 9 @>
@

/ > 5)
# +
,= F>- 2 # 2 8 &-- > !
: 5& D > 5) U2

=8 F5(
- F0
- A 8 4
.
A F
= F

* 0 8 F/5 F( A - 4
.!-# F,

.,9D + - > ! + , " *-5 4
.> ! DAM F ! ( D
) >
A > ? 4
,2 , > ! " - 7# D
)
A >-*
4
.> - ! N D -
:Physical Hazards *-5 5)
, FH D '/ &
&D D - / ,&- , , 5) +:2
" D " 2 75: 2F 0) 75: 2 F"8 , 8"2
" /2
./" T*- D <( - ' ,"

Determine Critical control points :" 5&

:(CCPs) " 5& *
;= ,= < +9:M 2 <-" 2 5) N
7
5& ;2
.+-&
,

" , M @A2 H
, " 5&

:+ 5& 1 D P +*
.
* +
- 4
.H 7# &5 D ! 4
.*# * 55) D
! 4
. -* ! 4
.(GMP,GHP, ….etc) PRPs -5 H- D ! 4
+-: , / 6
# Decision tree & ) "0
) ;A ,
>2 *-2 , , & ) "0 ." 5&

?
"
.*# * D E 2 " 5& 5& 1 K
& #
96 ‫א
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" 5& , 5& + "

43
/- #) "

/ , ,2 " " 5& , 5& +
. 5 ,2
C / - /-: ,
) : + >8D K J)-

"

8
2 T `9 8 + > 2 (^-5 - + 9* D
;2 )C- R E /K N) -)E D +5 -- /-" "D "-

2 2 @
@
,
: "

.(*# *
+*D

. - /*- "
" 5& , 5& + *- 2 -: "K

4 4
Establish monitoring systems for each CCP:
:(Monitoring) *- 2 -:
+

(#- & 9 , " /- *

/ 6& -: @>
/*A " 5& , 5&
."

- 8E
= : D +" * / , ,2
-E I&
# "K 4
.# "M ) - R ;
@
=" @/( R-#
" <-
-: *- >& J)0 / 6D
4
< , FH + * D- @ , < *: > 1

= ,= 8=" N

89 # "K , < 9#
."
\-:
. ? 2 (#- -: , ,2 , 4
-= =- =-: ,2 "D ? (#- -: K 4
.- 5 CCP " 5& 7A ,A
=-:- >=& J)0 5- - +" ,2 " 9 -: H> 4
./- (E +> J)0 ,

:-: D
) & T*-
. 9* D : I: •
.
- ,8) D
- "
I: •
.(pH) T : I: •
97 ‫א
א
אא‬
.(aw) > 50 "

I: •
:# +*D "K 45
0
1 )2 # "K ;2 /2 # "M *
"

, D N
" 5& , 5& ;2
-: H>
.( 5 -#2 5&) 5& 1 / &
: +0 ,2 " # "M
.E -- 8K R# 4
.*# * 5
4
.<* +* &5

"

, E +" D H 8 4
,=
= 2 +"
H ! 7 +* &5

*- 5)
:"

:K @*- * # 5) C H , K

/D : 5)
.-) & 4
. "- > 9 H> 4
=# H 5) ;2 &- + J( H> / K : 5)
.*# * 5) &- D +)
2 '/ H ) *
& ,2 " H D 5)
" K + J( H> 02 K : 5)
<
)= +
=* 2 <*=#
* 2 <# , ! , K
.B)2 T?
,= '=
* ,2 " H- 5) R#
&

:*- 5)
;2 '= ,= E
& )P ,2 " , 7# )
.)Z )
*D , 6& "K

46
Establish procedures for verification:
,= F
" +0- / ( D , 6& / T! "K
F* >0* () -)E K DAM- *" -: 65
)
= =/ ,C-
C D R-# ,2 6& +9) , ,
. ! 9- &* +0 " K 1 ( ;
P
" +0-
98 ‫א
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: \ # , 6&- ,>& ,

=)Z J)0 , ,2 " , / 6D ,A 2 2 J)0 6&- & 4
.# "M + -:- >& J)0 ?
. +* / -)
- ,P ,2 " J)0 EP 4
.P , --
/" 2 ,") -) 5- ' @2 4
: 6& /D
) 50
./ 5) -: & *" 4
.! 1 -2 / 5) D ! *" 4
./ 9# & *" 4
./ 5) , E & *" 4
.# +*D C -) 4
." 5& -: 9" *" 4
."

#
) 8/"
* 4
@=> =-) >=/ H= =" = 5&
4
.@"-
: 6 9"- (E 47
= ,2 =" / `" A 0 , +" 6 4
.*D :
-
. ! 9
P `"- +* ,2 ,- 9"
" 4
8=E B
=

F/ 5) * 2 *" D 2 , 9" 4
6( &5 M D
) &5 ,2
-M ) -
.(/
.>: "M U-K D
( , 9" 4
. ! 9 P - ") N
; 6& D
( , @A2 4
=*-5 F: /" _ - " )C , ,2 " +" :2 4
.H
:( / 9" U2
:/ 5)- #) 9" 41
:/ / 5) ,* 2 *" * - 7" , -
.Flow diagram 55) 4
99 ‫א
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.5) + * 4

D 6( A2 2 /D
/ 6D )- #) 9" 4

.
D + > / -
. ) " # "M 4
=5) =55) ) HACCP control chart / 5) 4
.( 5 65 CCPs + 5) < RA M
./ 5) 9
* ;2 ^ 42
.(/=0 9" , -) -: 9" F(CCPs) " 5& 9" 43
DE F/D

FCCP= 5& : 9" 1 +0 ,2 "
.' K )C # "M F"

,
2 =8K =8 =D =M &- , <8 H 7" E T*- D 44
.9" D ' + +" ,2 "D <
K 6 , H U"
./ 6D A
9" 45
J( 9" 46
+=0 9"=) "E +#( D +" D 6:
: "E 9" 47
F+>= F= U="9 I> U"E I> F-5 +*D +"
= @*" ,/( U"E 6D A2 7" ,2 ,
C 7 (^... ^
.U"E D < 6(
.
* -: F * 9" 48
(i.e. HACCP manual) / *- "M 9" :/ "K 49
./ H- -5 *" 9" 410
100 ‫א
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‫"‪/ 9‬‬

‫"‪:/ 6-5 5) :(1) : +‬‬
‫

‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫

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( ( ' ( (‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫(
‪( ( ' *. / .# 012‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪(
( *4 12‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫(
‪5
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‫‪5
6 07. 5(8‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪101‬‬ ‫א
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‫"‪:/ 6D ,:(2) : +‬‬

‫
"
‬ ‫‬
‫
‪6 *-‬‬
‫>‪# +‬‬ ‫‬
‫>‪/5 +‬‬ ‫‬
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‪0‬‬
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‫"‪:H # :(3) : +‬‬
‫‪H 41‬‬
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‫‪H / >( 411‬‬
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:M 55) :(4) : +"

- ,- H "M * 55)
,- 9
5)
-
( 15)
( c 72)

-
! >-*
78 ,8)
: 5) * :(5) : +"

1 = D F*-5 > "- 5)
#) +
"
,=A =5) `5 + F5) ' - F

- 5) U 9"
.<- ( 7 / 5)
F( ) - - - 7

5)

,
(5) *-5 F(') >
:In )

? 9 "
A &-
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+ 92 / ! -- 5( &- &-
:2 H-
./D ;5D
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103 ‫א
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:" 5&

:(6) : +"
=D =&5 &5 RA M + , + #) +
"
=( =/
= .E 2 =" 5& 5& K + & ) (
.6& "M D , ,>
9"
*
1 =" 2 =" 3 =" 4 =" 9
5)

=A &-
"

=
= :+=
=
= =&- * E * E CCP-1
() )
5D
:"

:(7) : +"
5&- 6* >: "K ;2
6& I& ; 9"
."
5&
* "

"

c 72 "
-
- CCP-2
15
:" 5& +
-: "K
:(8) : +"
+
& 2 "M : ^- <D ,- ;
+"
6:
+" 5M A2 5 " 5& ,2 ,
C K
.`=A +=- ="

+
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N
+-: "M * D
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+A(
9= > , />
, -:
+
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.-: + H> , / +# H> ( +* D + H>
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Frequency +>
" Process : Critical Responsible
Limit
CCP
CCP-2 - "

c 72 - M +>
( )
15
:
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:(9) : +"

= , N

) 2 )P ,2 " "M ,-
C > ! H- # 7 ) 2 ) ,2 " "M ' "
=/
= ,= D .H U <*#
K 2 < J) *
'= ;8= +" ( D9 # "M +" ,* +>
.DE
5& =)P ,2 " # "M H= 7= ) ,2 " "M
" ="

= , DE R# 2 < J) @C # ;2 , > !
CCP " 5& 5) 1 D 1

K
# "M > # "M >
( )CCP-2 "
K H TD H

K
I
/
+:2 : - K - K M I
/
M
15
c 72 , ' ,2
:6& "K
:(10) : +"
N= / D 6-5 , 6& D C0 &5 <D ,- +"
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F6& 50 U <D

=5) , 6& +> +" D ,- .6& 50 *" , +> F6&
.*-5 2 > 2 - + ;2 5- /
! !

"
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6
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2 @ / 6 M

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!
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5& -: , 6& / 5) _ - 5) _ - 5) _ -
5)- A " (
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! !

"
# $%

/ 0 *" @ +& -) 7#

J( "K , 6&

!
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C +> / 6D
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C +> / 6D

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:(11) : +"
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/K +# +/ 9" 7"
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5&
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Type of Record Location Responsibility Approval Date
CCP
.+)
,- (#
H "- + +*
" : I>
+
*- +-:
( )CCP-2
.>/ M M I> +
.DE R# #
:/ D 5) :(12) : +"

7 6-5- /-K "
* "M +" +0
F" 5& F 5)M # FM + :+) / 7-
R=# ="K F=-: ="K F="

- *
=&:
= / 5) , ,2 " .9" F6& "K FDE
.6& "M D / 5) 9" , ,2 " .# &5- 7-
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106 ‫א
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‫ا ة ا ول ا‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ا! ﻡ وأه ا'وع‪:‬‬
‫

‬
‫ ‪ ( %
)*" %
&' !"# $‬‬
‫‪ 5
+ 6

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%‬‬
‫ ‪1 4 21 3 0( )+ %,- .+!/ % $‬‬
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%-‬‬
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‫!‪
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‫‪116‬‬ ‫א
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‫ا‬ ‫د ارت ارا ا ة ا
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‫اي‬
Executive Summary
Despite the fact that many countries are determined to adopt the
food chain approach in managing food safety through the application of
an effective organization control, food safety was merely confined to
withdrawal of unsafe food from the markets. The reactions of
governments in this respect were governed by implementation measures
than protection measures against the threats and risks. Recently, the
concept of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) has appeared as a result of
the accelerated changes in the food economics, consumers' pressures, and
the commitment of a wide group of the concerned bodies to produce safe
food while protecting the environment. The concept of (GAP) is
expressing special measures related to the agricultural production, trade,
marketing, and the mechanism of the implementation and monitoring of
these measures at the farm level.
However these measures has acquired the support and back-up of
the governments, producers, exporters, importers, retailers, and other
parties concerned with the agricultural sector in many of the world
countries, the dissemination and implementation of the concept in Arab
countries is still in its early stages, and regarded to be beyond the
anticipations, despite the appreciated endeavors of some Arab countries
in this field.
Obviously, the GAP helps in increasing the efficiency of the
production process of the agricultural sector including the good
agricultural practices in the fields of soil, water, crops, animal products,
preparations in the farms, energy, residues management, human welfare,
and wild life. This applies equally for both the small farms producing for
117 ‫א
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‫اي‬
local markets and for the large commercialized farms operating for
exports. This is in addition of the global partnership for safe and
sustainable agriculture in response of the consumer requirements in
regard to food safety and security.
The dissemination of GAP is regarded as an important and vital
issue for all Arab countries where the agricultural sector enjoys an
imperative role in the national economies as well as in the economic and
social development process. This is noticeably reflected in its share in the
total domestic product, as well as in supporting other sectors, beside the
role it plays in achieving food security.
Due to the increasing importance of GAP, AOAD has incorporated
a project on Good Agricultural Practices within is annual plan work for
the year 2007. The project aims at the dissemination and increasing the
adoption rates of GAP, raising the awareness of small producers of it,
documentation of the pilot and successful experiences and models of
GAP in Arab countries. The project components include convening of
experts meeting, carrying out a documentation study on GAP in Arab
countries, and preparation of technical guidelines to backup the Arab
countries in formulating and implementing plans and programs targeting
the dissemination and adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).
This document represents both the documentation study and the
technical guidelines on GAP. The technical guideline depends basically
on the quotation of the GAP at the world level (EC countries, Swiss land,
and Japan). It shows the measurement related to good agricultural
practices of cereals, vegetables and fruits, besides the procedures that
should be followed in order to acquire and keep the certification.
The document introduces a summary on the development of GAP
at the world level which was started as an idea in 1977, followed by
setting the first measures of GAP in the field of fresh vegetables and
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‫اي‬
fruits which was applied in 2001. This was followed by issuing some
other measures that cover most of the aspects of dealing with plant,
animal and fish products to ensure its safety and security. The document
also reviews the status of the GAP in Arab countries and the
achievements attained in some of these countries, where the
dissemination and the implementation of the GAP concept have led to the
increase of the number of producers and farmers having the compliance
certificates of GAP after their training by national or international
professionals.
This document consists of two main parts. Part one reviews the
Good Agricultural Practices in the developed countries as well as in the
Arab countries. It illustrates in this respect the dates of the participation of
the technical groups in the program of the European Good Agricultural
Practices, the areas of GAP, and the statistics of GAP development at the
world level.
At the Arab world level, the results of the analysis of AGP in Arab
countries showed that there are several countries which have paced
appropriate steps in the field of GAP implementation along the food
chain. This includes Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Tunisia, Emirates,
Morocco, and Lebanon where some of their agricultural exports are
increased as they are acknowledged according to GAP requirements and
the international specifications and measurements. Consequently, the
public institutions in some of these countries started to support the private
sector and the civil institutions operating in this field. However, The GAP
concept is newly introduced in most of the other countries, specially the
non exporters of fresh agricultural products. In most of these countries the
practices has been dealt with as piecemeal and not as integrated practices.
Part one also reviews the public and civil institutions concerned
with the adoption and dissemination of GAP. It also reviews the
119 ‫א
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‫اي‬
internationally accredited companies in some Arab countries which bear
the responsibilities of the registration, inspection, and auditing of the
farms and companies producing and exporting of agricultural products,
and issue the accredited certificates of GAP. In addition, it reviews the on
going programs and activities in the field of GAP in Arab countries,
beside discussing the constraints of diffusion and implementation of GAP
in Arab countries, the prospects of improving and increasing the adoption
rates of GAP in the Arab world.
In part two of this document The GAP accredited regulations,
measures are reviewed as well as the control points, compliance
measures, inspection/auditing check list. Also GAP objectives that
include food safety, environmental conservation, human welfare, and
vocational health and safety are reviewed. This is beside reviewing the
regulations governing GAP, GAP general regulations, procedures of
issuing the certificate of the European Retailers Union, the requirement of
GAP measures' auditor, inspector, the contents of the GAP certificate, the
GAP control points, compliance measures, and the level of obligation on
GAP.
120 ‫א
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‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1‬‬

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دليل الممارسات الزراعية الجيدة فى الوطن العربى 2007

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