“Part-B (2 Marks) (i It is a process carried out at constant temperature, (i) Itis a process in which their is no exchange of heat between system and surroundings. ii) A fixed quality of any substance is associated with definite amount of energy which is sum of chemical, electrical, mechanical energy etc. is called Internal energy. (iv) Itis the total heat content of the system and is measured as the sum of its internal energy and the product of pressure and volume. [H=U+PV| Ans: (@ AH =AU- 2RT ii) AH=AU + RT Gii) AH=aU + RT Exam Corner (As per the Blue Print) Part-C (3 Marks) Part-D (Marks) Ans: When An=0 [6m the equation’ ‘h es, 2) )+ O, (g) > 2 H,0 (), AH = OKIE is ae Oe bie enthalpy of formation of iter? ae (EQ) ‘Ans, Enthalpy of formation of water molecule is 285.8kJ/mol “FE Name the” apparatus’ used” "to measure _ the heat during combustion reactions at ction? (Feb 20) absorbed. ):Molar heat capacity ¢ | Ans: (i) Heat capacity is defined as the (ation? of heat required to rai the oie reed to rise the temperature of Gi) Specific heat is defined as : quantity of heat uid to raise the temperature of one wat mass of a substan (orone kelvin) by one degree celsius Gi) Molar heat expacity i capacity is defined Of heat required to raise the temerature of one mole of a sul perature celsius (or one kee by one degree Scanned with CamScannerEre euaiee ‘Ans: Cp— Ce R Write the inerinheial reaction for. the combustion of ethanol, : (Mar 16) | (di) Water freezes | Gis) Vapour condense =. + ey) ‘NH, Clis dissolved in water = eo molec dso 10 o oe Entropy increases. (i) Entropy increases (ii) Entropy decreases (iv) Entropy decreases (v) Entropy increases (i) Entropy increases Ans. AG is negative ae Ans. Enthalpy change which occurs when one ‘mole of an ionic compound dissociates into its ions in _Bsseous sae, Ans. 1 ot on cena ai | Ans. The net entropy of the universe is continuously increasing, Satelit mawor the ‘Ans. At obsolute zero, the entropy of perfectly solid is zero. Give one example-| PDE ett (EQ) stem which can exchange both energy and atter with the surroundings is called an open an open container. Wit isa closed Gistein Give one example-| ie (EQ), System-which can exchange only energy and not matter with the surroundings is called a close system. Eg: Hot water kept in a closed container. Deling isolated system: Give oue examples t “(May 14,Feb 20) ns: Sys cannot exchange both energy ‘and matter with the surroundings is called an isolated system. Ex: Hot coffee in a thermos flask. 1 "State! first Taw ‘of The ‘write its mathematica form. . “Bnergy can neither be created nor be e destroyed”, OR The energy of an isolated system is constant. * Mathematical form of I law of thermodynamics is [AU=q+ w Fo) What is the change ia interna system, if 10J, Of heat is: eee Rae 153 of Work is done by’ Ans. q=+103, w=-15J, AU AU=q+w = +10-1 AU = q+w=701 -394= 3073 Scanned with CamScannerExpansion of a gas called free expansion aw= pV.) Vv, Ans. W=-2.303 nRT log <# 20 303 x 1 x 8.314 x 298 logs Ans.’ W=~2.303nRT tog h 2.303 x 5 x 8.314 300 log : The property which depends ort the quantity of matter present in the system is called extensive Property. ‘Ex: Mass, volume, heat, internal energy, enthalpy ete, é 9,20), Ans. The property which do not_depend on the Quantity of matter present in it. is called intensive Property. Density is an intensive property ‘eee. neexample. ) is a balanced chemical equation containing Ans. It is a palef enthalpy ebange of reaction ang physical state of reactants and products. 0.8: Cyst Ogg) P COny AH = 393.5 k/mo} ‘Ans. (i) Physical state of reactants and products (i) Temperature of the reaction. ae atne nti OE RusION ‘Ans, The amount of heat required to melt one mole of solid substance at constant temperature under standard pressure (1bar). yo a ‘Ans, The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of liquid at constant temperature and under standard pressure (bar). Tn nese Ans. The amount of heat required to sublime one | | mole of solid substance at constant temperature and under standard pressure (Ibar). A olen Hatihaipy of forms EO) ‘Ans. The enthalpy change produced for the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in their most stable state of aggregation. ee l ‘Ans. Theenthalpy change produced forthecombustion of one mole of a substance, provided all the reactants and products are in their standard states at the specified temperature, exainple, MENG Q), Ans: A process which occurs on its own without a0 extemal aid under given conditions is called @ spontaneous process. Ex: Flow of water from higher level to lower level, diffusion of gases etc. () Change in enthalpy should be negative (ii) Change in entropy should be positive. Scanned with CamScannerAG? ~erysta ‘Ans. It is a measure of randomness or. disordemess in asystem. When, AG=-ve(reaction is spontaneous), — Gibbs equation “ve (reaction is non-spontaneous). 2303 RT log,, Ki, = -2.303 « 8.314 * 298 log (2.47 x 10%) 63,228.93 J/mol = 163 kJ mol the Value! of equilibria constant efor ig reaction at 298) -13.6 kImot AG? 13.6 x 10° Jmol, AG?=-2.303RT log,,K, -AG? eek, = 23 03R7 13.6% 10° =2.38 2303x8314 x 298 K, =antilog2.38 = 2.4% 10° the equilibrium 100kd and AS is +200JK: ; aleul le the ‘temperature above which the | iction becomes spontaneous? _ (PUB) excess Seygen: Sample Neel tank Bomb calorimeter consists of a rectangular steel vessel immersed in water bath as shown in the diagram. A combustible substance is bumt in the presence of pure dioxygen. Heat evolved during the reaction is transferred to the water around the borhb. The rise in temperature ‘is noted. Knowing the heat capacity (C,) of the calorimeter, AU is calculated using the equati AU=C,AT. — iY State “and ‘explain, Hess’s heat summation. x __ | (May 14, Mar16, Feb 17, 18, 19,20)! ‘Ans. Whether the reaction occurs in single step or in multiple steps, the net enthalpy chanj constant, a vee costa! Scanned with CamScannerConsider A—* DAH = qkJ remains constant. For AcBAH=qW -() BC AH=q,K) 4D AH=qkI .@) ‘According to Hess's law, ‘Adding eq 1, 2 and 3 Cyy*2Hay +172 Oxy CH,OHyy AH? =? Reverse the equation (i), multiply equation (iii) by 2 and add all the three equations 0 —+CH,OH+320, . AH=+7264i/mol ent “of formation: from ethene. Given the enthalpy, ‘of combustion of C,H(g), C,H(g) and Hg) are -140kS/niol, —1S50K3/a0l_ an ~2864.5/inol respectivel ; CH.(@) + H,(g) —> C,H,(¢), AH = Given: 7 GH, +30, —+ 200, + 2H,0, All = -140id/mol (i) CH, +7/20, —+ 2C0, + 34,0, AH =-1550ks/mot (ll) H, +20, —+ 1,0, All =-286ki/mot (iti) Equation () and i) are writen as itis, equation it)s reversed and add all the three equations | H+ 305 —s 2007 4 21455, All = 140 kdimol 2% + HS — CH, + a7, All = +1550k3/mol + yall = ~286 mot AH = +1124 kJ/mol + Hyp Catla jie” enthalpy of “benzene from the following data, (Citi! 20xm —? 60g +30 AH = -3264.6kI Fase 1) Cyt Oxy —>? COng, AH = 393.51 ‘Ans. Required equation, 6Cyy + 3Hay—> CeHan> 4H Equation (ii is multiplied by 6 and equation (i) is multiplied by 3 and equation (i) is reversed. 6C0 44) +3H,0,) —> CoH gy + 15/20 ,.,), AH = +3264.610 6Cyy + 60, 9 6CO jig AH = ~2361KF Hy, 3/2 Ox —33H,0,, AH =-857.715 6C yy + 3H —9 CoH yy AH = +45.980 Coy + 2H Equation (i) is written as itis, eq( ii) is multiplied by 2 and eq (iii) is reversed and add all three ‘equations. Cy +0, 00,45 2H) + Oyi) —92H,0 9,4 CO4,) +210 —> CH, +20,,AH = +8901 AH = Scanned with CamScanners) CO, AHL H,+ 1/20, +H,O AH = -269.4kI-----(2) 6C+ 6H, + 30, C,H,,0, AH =-1169.8k5 (3) Multiply eq (1) and (2) by 6 , reverse eq (3) and add all the 3 equations 6C(s) + 60,(8) + 6CO, AH =-2370KI 6H,+ 30, 61,0 AH =-1614K3 CH,,0,— 6C + 6H, + 30, AH = +1169.8kI : “CH,,0{8) + 60,+6CO, + 6H,O AH = 2816.64 ‘Ans: C(s) + 0,(g) -» CO, (8) AH H,(@)+ 1/20,(g) > H,O() AH = -285.9k 2) CH,COOH() +20,(g) +2C0,(g) + 2H,0() 5 AH =-867kJ ----G) Required equation 2C iy + 2H yy FOr) — > CH,COOH,,AH =? Multiply eq (1) and (2) by 2, reverse eq (3) and add all the 3 equations 2C() + 20,(s) + 2CO,(s) AH = -787KI 2H,(0)+0,() > 2H,0(1) AH = -571.8kI 2CO,(8) + 2H,0(1) > CH,COOH() +20,() _ AH= +867 2C yy +2Hay) +O —>CH,COOH, AH = 491.8555 Scanned with CamScanner