5/16/23, 8:29 PM Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Cell Function

2.1 Cell Structure and Cell Function

Cell organelles Functions

Plasma membrane Regulates the movement of substances across the cell

Separates the contents of the cell from the external environment

Cell wall Maintains the shape of plant cells

Protects the plant cells from burst

Provides strength and support to the plant cell

Cytoplasm Acts as a medium for biochemical reactions of most living processes in the cell

Nucleus Carries genetic information in the form of DNA

Vacuole Stores nutrients, wastes and metabolic by-product

Ribosome Synthesises proteins

Mitochondrion Synthesises ATP

Site of cellular respiration

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Transports proteins made by the ribosomes throughout the cell

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Synthesises lipids and carries detoxification of drugs

Golgi apparatus Modifies, transports, sort and package the proteins and carbohydrates

Lysosome Digests old and worn organelles

Breakdown complex organic molecules

Centriole Form spindle fibres during cell division

Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis

 
Similarities between plant cell and animal cell:

Both cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.

 
Differences between plant cell and animal cell:

 
Plant Cells Animal Cells
Has a fixed shape Does not have a fixed shape

Has a cell wall Does not have a cell wall

Has chloroplasts Does not have a chloroplasts

Has a large vacuole No vacuole

Stores carbohydrates in the form of starch Stores carbohydrates in the form of glycogen

Does not have a centriole Has centrioles

 
 

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