Acid Rain

Acid rain is a type of rain that contains high levels of hydrogen ions
(low pH) and can cause damage to vegetation, buildings, and various
ecosystems.

by Timur Evstafiev
What Causes Acid Rain?

Human Activities Natural Sources

When fossil fuels are burned, they release Volcanic eruptions and decaying vegetation
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the air also release gases that lead to acid rain
which can combine with water vapor to form formation.
acid rain.
Effects on the Environment
Forests

Acid rain can kill trees and stunt their growth by washing away
important nutrients in the soil.

Lakes & Rivers

Highly acidic water can lead to the death of fish and other aquatic
life, and make it difficult for plants to survive.

Soil & Crops

Soil acidity can lead to reduced crop yields and affect the growth of
important plants like wheat and barley.
Effects on Human Health
Respiratory Issues Drinking Water Materials &
Structures
Acid rain can cause High levels of acidity in
irritation and decreased drinking water can cause Acid rain can corrode
lung function in sensitive gastrointestinal problems buildings and
individuals, such as those and affect the taste and infrastructure, leading to

with asthma or COPD. odor of water. costly repairs and safety

hazards.
Prevention and Control
1 Reducing Emissions

Regulations can be implemented to limit emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen

oxide from factories, power plants, and vehicles.

2 Lime & Calcium Spray

These sprays can be used on soil to counteract the effects of acid rain and
improve fertility.

3 International Cooperation

Global agreements, like the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution, can facilitate coordinated efforts to address this issue.
Legislation on Acid Rain
US Clean Air Act Regulates air pollution and sets limits on
emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxide.

European Union Emission Trading Facilitates cap and trade of emissions

Scheme permits and promotes cleaner energy
production.

Canada's Acid Rain Strategy Collaborates with industry and uses

scientific research to monitor and mitigate
acid rain.
Current Research on Acid Rain

Uncovering Chemical Forest Restoration International Action

Reactions
Researchers are Efforts to address acid rain
Scientists are studying the experimenting with different are often global in nature,
complex reactions that lead techniques to restore forests with researchers
to acid rain formation to damaged by acid rain, such as collaborating across borders
better understand how to adding lime or planting more to study its effects and
prevent or mitigate its resistant tree species. develop solutions.
effects.
Conclusion
Acid rain is an ongoing environmental issue with wide-reaching effects on ecosystems, human
health, and infrastructure. While regulations and mitigation efforts have been put in place,
continued research and global cooperation will be essential to address this problem in the long
term.