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Wireless and Mobile Communication
Wireless and Mobile Communication
Wireless and Mobile Communication
5/12/2023
Question no 1:
For a microwave terrestrial-based line-of-sight communication operating at
10 GHz, what is the maximum faithful coverage distance that the signal could
make before requiring a repeater? The following details are provided −
Signal transmission power = 27.78 dBW
Transmit antenna gain = 18 dBi
Receive antenna gain = 20 dBi
Signal transmission bandwidth = 4 MHz
2- sided Noise power spectral density = 10-10 W/Hz
Solution:
Parameter Value
Pt 30 dBW = 1000 W
Gt 35 dBi = 3162.22
Gr 35 dBi = 3162.22
f 10 GHz
B 4 MHz
N0/2 10-10 W/Hz
Parameter Value
Pt (source) 5000 W
Gt 25 dBi = 316.22
Gr 25 dBi = 316.22
f 12 GHz
B 5 MHz
N0/2 10-10 W/Hz
With the given data, let us first compute the faithful distance covered by the signal from the
source. Using (1 b), we find that after about 14 km, the signal gets buried in noise. Thus, we
don’t need a repeater till 14 km. After this cut-off distance, we are in need of a repeater. The
repeaters operate at power levels 3 dB lower than that available at the source. Hence, 5 kW
reduced by 3 dB gives us 2.5 kW.
We proceed to find the faithful distance covered by the signal from the first repeater. From (1 b),
we can find that this cut-off distance is 9.95 km. Thus, the distance covered so far is 23.95 km.
After this, the signal fades out and hence we are in need of the next repeater.
Since the parameters related to all the repeaters are the same, we can complete the cycle.
Transmitter (source) 5 kW 14 km
From (8), we can observe that whenever the received power level is high, the path loss must
have been less. By deploying high gain antennas we can reduce the path loss. It is important to
note that the received power levels vary dynamically over several orders of magnitude.
We can compute how much path loss can affect the received signal level. But we know that
apart from path loss, channel effects play a major role in influencing the magnitude of the
received signal levels. Reflection, diffraction, scattering, absorption and fading contribute to
signal distortion (and attenuation)