Immaculate Conception Polytechnic

Senior High 1School

CHAPTER 1

Budgeting's Impact on HUMSS Student's studies

in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic
Introduction
Budget is generally a financial plan to control future operations. A budget helps create financial
stability. It is needed to operate efficiently and effectively. Budgeting also makes it easier to pay
bills on time and save money for some expenses such as tuition, fare pocket money etc. Students
on the other hand, learn how to save their allowance as they grow and meet different
requirements in school. as well as things they want to buy on their own. Students have their
personal needs. Through this study, the researchers will know what are the factors of budgeting
that affects their study. Budgeting is not easy, especially nowadays with high inflation rates like
fare increases that affects everyone, mostly the students.

The researchers propose this to have self-control and budgeting discipline so that the students
know what their needs and wants are, it's especially important since when the pandemic begun,
one of the factors that is greatly affected is the household income of many, those who belong in a
low-income family and work part time jobs is not a thing to scoff at. by this study the researchers
could potentially help not just our target students, but also more people.

Background of the Study

Budgeting is important for our financial stability, ensuring you can pay common expenses. Most
of students only know how to spend their money on the thing they want, they do not know how
to save and budget it for their needs. According to the Education Data Initiative, the annual cost
of tuition for undergraduate students ranges from approximately $9,300 to $35,800. Tuition isn't
the only expenses to consider, though. Both modular and on the ground senior high school
students should be prepared to pay for tuition, books, transportation (fares) and school projects.
However, According to Aduana (2017 p. 308) people who succeeded in their personal lives
usually have a common denominator: they manage their finances well by effective planning.
Budgeting ensures you're not spending more than you are making, allowing you to plan for
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short- and long-term expenses because many of us students make time for work and study in able
to survive everyday life. It's an easy and helpful way for common people especially to students
with all types of income and expenses to keep their finances in order

Statement of the Problem

This study is conducted to determine the impact of budgeting among the HUMSS students of
Immaculate Conception Polytechnic Senior High School in relation to household income. This
includes budgeting and financial literacy of how this situation may affect their school learnings.

1. What are the demographic profiles for the respondents?

A. Age
B. Gender

2. What are the factors of how budgeting impacts the student’s learnings in Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic Senior High School, in terms of:

2.1 Financial Literacy

2.2 Household Income

3. How does the financial literacy of the students affect their academic performance?

4. How can the researchers help the financially struggling HUMSS Students to save money
more effectively and to better plan ahead of their schedules?
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Significance of the Study

This study aims to help humanities and Social Science Students to develop their financial
knowledge and skills. It will also enable them to understand the role of budgeting in the
management of public resources.

To Students- The information presented will help the students figure out how to know the real
Budgeting's Impact on Humanities and Social Science Student’s studies in Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic.

To Parents- The head of the family as the provider, the parents will acknowledge

the effects of budgeting and how important financial literacy is for students as the mainly
affected are their offspring.

To Teachers- The findings of this research study will assist teachers in the perception

that not all of their students have the privilege of keeping up with new learning. Through

this study, the teacher will recognize the difficulty of the students and they will have a

better understanding of it.

To Future Researchers - The findings of this study can be used as a starting point for additional
research into the Impact on Humanities and Social Science Student's studies in Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic.

Scope and Delimitation

The researchers focus on this study is helping the Humanities and Social Science Department of
Immaculate Conception Polytechnic to budget and practice spending restraint. that is to budget
money and plan ahead just in case a money shortage presents itself. with this goal in mind, this
will be helpful to the students who belong in a low-income family and those students with little
to no knowledge about financial literacy.

Our pinpointed population would be around 88 respondents from different sections in the
Humanities and Social Science Department at Immaculate Conception Polytechnic.
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The primary source of the data will be the survey respondents who also completed the
questionnaire; The survey was conducted among students who are currently enrolled in the
school year 2022–2023. the researchers will use a closed questionnaire, to collect the data, the
researchers collect the completed questionnaires and use statistical methods to examine and
make sense of the information they had gathered. the researchers anticipate that the survey will
be conducted in 7 days.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Budgeting over all is a good idea, especially if you are a working student and coming from a
low-income family. This doesn’t mean that if you aren’t from the aforementioned classes you
shouldn’t budget. According to a study of High School Learners, understanding financial literacy
among children is therefore of critical importance for policy-makers in several areas; it can aid
those who wish to plan effective financial education schemes targeted at young people as well as
those writing legislation to protect younger consumers (Sjam, 2015). Financial literacy among
students in the Philippines is a topic that is vaguely explored. Combined with inflation, all prices
have gone up and the students who have no idea are left clueless on why their money is being
fled away by those necessities without them realizing. In this chapter, the researchers aim to
provide clarity that having Spending Discipline and Financial Literacy is a vital skill that
everyone should have basic knowledge upon.

Relevant Theory

Conventional microeconomic models assume that individuals make rational decisions about
saving and spending so as to have optimal financial well-being over a lifetime. However, these
models assume that individuals have the financial knowledge and capability to do so, whereas
there is evidence relatively few people have this much financial knowledge. More recent
research has focused on the acquisition of financial knowledge and links between knowledge,
investment and saving behavior. This implies that those microeconomic models only apply to
those who have sufficient financial knowledge. In that sense, we will be putting more people into
that threshold so that they can benefit off of that microeconomic model. So, the researchers are
saying that

having financial literacy equates to using a conventional microeconomic model which in turn
helps you in your budgeting and spending on the long run.
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Related Literature
Local

As stated by Inocian R.B. (2021), the study ascertained the values of saving and spending in the
Social Studies K to 12 Curricula across grade levels in the Philippines that will serve as basis for
a contextualized COVID-19 Teaching Model. It sought to: evaluate the thematic integration of
production, distribution, and consumption in the curriculum guides (CGs);) describe the
integration of the value of saving and spending in the CGs and how potential it is to promote
financial literacy; design an innovative framework that facilitates the efficient integration of
financial literacy in a contextualized COVID-19 Teaching Model. The study used a quantitative
method using descriptive design. With the use of the K to 12 Curriculum Guide (Grades 1 to 12
Social Studies) from DepEd, documentary content analysis was employed in order to see the
ambiguities in the curriculum, especially on the integration of financial literacy as primary lenses
in the study. The thematic integration of production, distribution, and consumption in the K to 12
social studies curricula is a part of a seamless design in a spiral progression model.

Based by (Galulu, et al., 2017). Allowance is money earned or given to a child at regular
intervals to teach the child how to manage money. As they go towards higher level of education,
particularly in senior high school, every student encounters one of the challenging parts of their
life is to manage their allowances wisely. Many of them are getting tough times to manage or
budget their moneys given by their respective parents or guardians because being a senior high
student have a similarity of being a college student. As money serves now as a necessity to every
student, it is a need to put in their minds that they need to be financially responsible. A kind of
responsibility where an individual will be able to save and budget his or her money and spend
the money for important purposes. But the big dilemma is that how will they do it. It is believed
that one of the hardest parts of budgeting the allowance of a senior high student is the isolation of
their wants from their needs. A number of students mistakenly categorize their wants as a part of
their “needs” because they cannot perceive what their life is without it. But in the end, many of
their needs are literally wants.
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According to the Philippine economy208, the economy continues to grow by at least 6% since
2010, and this is considered as one of the fastest growing economies in the region. (Philippines:
Economy, 2017). Being a growth economy, Filipinos are seen to have more financial power.
This financial power needs to be complemented by financial literacy. Nowadays, Millennials are
shaping the preferences for technology, real estate and appliances influencing the largest markets
in the world. Since they will be the “working” generation soon and will be part of the economy,
this study would like to determine current financial practices of Generation Z, those who were
born between 1991 and 2002. (Euromonitor, 2011) In addition, they also carry a high lifetime
value. They read reviews, provide ratings and have a strong understanding of value. Asia has the
largest total of Millennials, representing more than 45 percent of the region’s population. Their
perspective when it comes to consumption is sustainability. To them, green is good thus they
reuse retro durables and resurrect them in the name of nostalgia and fashion.

A study examining the proportional relationship between online learning and its effects on the
learning community found that students and teachers tend to have increased stress levels, which
prohibits them from functioning correctly. This entails that the mode of learning has a
correlational relationship with the stress intensity within educational systems (Silinda &
Brubacher, 2016) In a comprehensive study done here in the Philippines, "stress" and "mental
state" showed themselves to be one of the factors influencing the overall preparedness of
students and faculties to integrate with online learning for the new normal (Calao & Yazon,
2020).

“An allowance is not an entitlement or a salary. It is a tool for teaching children how to manage
money.” (Godfrey, 2013) Usually the allowance of a student is given every Mondays for every
week; sometimes an allowance is given per month or given every day. An allowance is an
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amount given for daily spenditures of teenagers at school to buy their needs and wants. Good
money management skills are the process of spending, saving and investing the cash of each
student.

Foreign

According to Binobo Keith (2019) Students learning to manage their money is a significant
process during their maturing stage. The practical skill of budgeting has become essential among
human beings to maintain and improve one's place in society. One of the reasons why students
waste their money is because they do not have the correct priorities in mind. It is an expense
many college students choose not to forego. The ability of budgeting reflects the spending and
saving habits of a person. Where and on what they spend also says a lot about the identity of an
individual. In the US, it is noted that each year, college students pay about $5.5 billion on
alcohol, mostly beer. The spending and saving habits of a person also mirror how financially
literate he or she is. This research hypothesizes that there is a significant relationship between
financial literacy and financial behavior of students.

In an international study conducted by J.D Jayaraman et al, that in India, they found low levels of
performance on standard measures of financial literacy. It is stated on their abstract that the
percentage correct score on the basic financial literacy questions was 45% and on the
sophisticated financial literacy questions the score was 44%. Financial literacy levels in India
were found to be lower than those in developed countries. Gender differences were found, with
females outperforming males, contrary to findings in developed countries. Students who pursued
the commerce/economics stream of education were found to have higher levels of financial
literacy than students pursuing the science stream. (J.D Jayaraman) Based on this abstract alone,
we are here to counteract this phenomenon provided the data on our country and theirs are close
to each other.
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In an abstract by Jing Jian Xiao et. al. titled Financial Capability of student loan holders who are
college students, graduates, or dropouts states that Effective consumer financial education
provides relevant information to meet special needs of targeted audiences. It is shown that
student loan holders in the United States of America who have completed their education
program have higher scores in all financial capability indicators. This means one thing only,
those who have faced financial pressure have better handling capabilities than those who do not.
Those who are aware of their financial situations are put into consideration. Including those who
have part time jobs. By our research we aim to provide aid by gathering statistical data to show
them that they are not battling a war alone.

According to Cude et al, focused on college student’s overall financial management practices
using quantitative and qualitative data from a multi-state research project. Specifically, the study
investigates how college students acquire financial knowledge and behaviors and the factors that
place some students at greater financial risk than others. The findings show that parents play a
key role in their children’s financial socialization. The results provide important insight into
financial education opportunities for students, parents, campus administrators, and financial
professionals and educators. Paired with this, our research potential is increased by magnitudes
above our originally planned goals. There is so much potential in each adding article further
proving the point that there’s an unspoken conundrum related to finances in college students.

One of the adverse effects during a COVID-19 pandemic is people’s containment in their
respective homes due to lockdowns and quarantine measures. Aside from being worried about
their health conditions, this pandemic affects their economic way of life. They lose their jobs and
end up with no income. This infringement of their economic right worsens when left with no
enough savings before the occurrence of a pandemic or by the time they badly need this the
most. (Balaza et al, 2020)
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Independent and Dependent Variables

Independent Variables
● Household Income

● Financial Literacy

These are the leading Independent Variables on our research, as defined above, the
researchers target students that have one or more of the aforementioned traits. Seek to help
them as having those traits have some crippling effects and can affect their budgeting
behavior and their overall academic performance. If left experimentally untreated, these
might lead into unseen or unmentioned results other than poor performance, absenteeism, and
little to no motivation to study.

Dependent Variables
These are the effects when students possess one of the mentioned Traits. These effects may

May vary from intensity as everyone doesn’t have the same situation.

● Having little to no allowance urges and implies the affected to work Part-Time Jobs
● Being caught off guard when budget runs low unknowingly and being surprised when
money is needed the most.

Related Studies

Based by, (Avelanna et al, 2018) Many people have different ways of how they spend their
money; it can be spent on important things, essential things that we need, especially now that we
are in a pandemic situation, on unnecessary things that we find cute or attractive, for collection,
and many more reasons to spend it more often that may lead to people’s spending habits.
Spending habits are the behavior pattern that is followed regularly that is almost involuntary. It is
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a habit of spending money whenever you have money and every moment you get paid. It is a
habit that many people didn’t realize or noticed to their selves.

As stated by Florecilla, C. (2019), in today’s financially challenged economy, billions of people

are becoming unprepared to deal with the rapid changes in the financial landscape (Klapper,
Lusardi, & Oudheusden, 2015). The quest for sound financial health requires skills necessary to
efficiently and effectively manage money. As the younger generation opted to study in tertiary
education which requires higher financial needs, they carry and make severe economic dilemma.
The experiences of this generation in making a complex personal financial decision is considered
as critically important to increase their financial literacy and to uplift them to a positive path
towards financial security.

According to a study of Faunillan et.al. (2021) financial literacy is essential in attaining financial
independence. It empowers those who possess it to navigate the financial market networks and
make sound financial decisions. Someone planning to go into business should be financially
literate or fail. Financial literacy denotes an effective use of financial skills, such as budgeting,
saving, and investing. In addition, financial literacy is the path towards sustainability as it arms
the person to manage finances capably. Additionally, found the relevance of financial literacy in
saving behavior and the economic well-being among French households. They maintained that
governments and financial institutions should sponsor a national financial education program for
all French families. All of the studies we have found as a team made it more clear that this
problem isn’t just happening on our country, a third-world country. A problem we might
encounter as years go by is the rapidly changing economic growth as there is a tendency that
what we will study as
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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. The Conceptual Model of the Study

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

HOUSEHOLD INCOME LOW ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE

FINANCIAL LITERACY UNEXPECTED MONEY

SHORTAGES

This study examines the connection between the spending patterns of students who come from

low-income families, and students who have bad spending habits. As such, coming from a family

with a considerably “low” household income taxes the students thinking space as the students

need to constantly think of what lies ahead of them due to their limited money.
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Budgeting also becomes a frequent topic inside of their heads as the only way of helping

themselves, the problem with the aforementioned factors, the students may not know how to

budget properly.

Budgeting itself is involved in financial literacy. Financial literacy is defined as the ability to

understand and apply different financial skills, the one that the researchers are focusing on is

budgeting.

However, a shortage of financial literacy means that the students might have a hard time

comprehending the basics of budgeting as financial literacy is seldomly taught in the Philippines.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Students who come

from families with Gather the needed
low household data to determine the
income. majority of effects
caused by the
independent
variables
Students who lack
financial literacy
Determine the final
data for concluding
the desired outcome,
which is to spread
localized
advertisement to
passively urge
students to practice
spending discipline
and budgeting

We plan to gather data from Humanities and Social Science students in ICP. Once enough data
has been gathered, we will ask the higher ups to permit us to spread advertisements throughout
the whole campus, so that we can urge the students in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic to
enact spending restraint and discipline thus, they can budget their money more effectively and
only spend to important matters.

Hypotheses

The hypotheses formulated in this study are :

1. There is a relation between Students who come from families with a low household
income and those who lack financial literacy, as financial literacy is a seldomly discussed and
tackled topic here in the Philippines
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2. The relation between financial literacy and unexpected money shortages is evident, as
lack of financial literacy often leads to poor allocation of money.
3. Students who come from a family with a low household income might be urged to work
part-time jobs, further worsening their situation as their time is divided into work and study.
4. Students with poor financial literacy lead to money shortages as the students do not know
how to budget properly.

Assumptions

1. The researchers assume that the students who see the advertisements we put up to
bear the constant reminder to budget over a lifetime.

Definition of terms

Inflation - the rate of increase in prices over a given period of time

Conventional Microeconomics - Dictates the demand curves of have negative slopes,

demonstrating that as wages rise, less labor is demanded by firms in any given market.

Integration - the act of bringing together smaller components into a single system that functions
as one.

Financial Literacy - the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills,
including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing.

Economy - a system of inter-related production and consumption activities that ultimately

determine the allocation of resources within a group.
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Microeconomics - the study of what is likely to happen (tendencies) when individuals make
choices in response to changes in incentives, prices, resources, and/or methods of production.

Efficient Integration - considering multiple factors for a more balanced view.

Economic Dilemma - the problem of how to make the best use of limited, or scarce, resources.

Financial Security- having enough money to cover your expenses, emergencies, and
retirement.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The researchers will use surveys to gather the needed data and determine the results based on the
majority of the respondents’ answers. stated that the population of the study is 73.5 Grade 12
Humanities and Social Sciences Students in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic. To gather the
needed data, we will use survey-questionnaires that will be sheltered with complete anonymity to
protect the respondent's identity as the researchers will be handling extremely confidential data.

after making a survey-questionnaire, we will then ask the approval of our Research Teacher

Ma’am Christine Angeles, and the Head of the HUMSS Strand, Sir Aldrin Sequitin. after which,

we will analyze the Google forms automated data analysis and encoder graph provided

immediately upon completion of the survey.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

The researchers have used a sampling method called “Simple Random sampling”. in which each

sample has an equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be an

unbiased representation of the total population. Meaning that on each member of the following

population groups, each one of them has an equal chance of being chosen.

Low-Income Family
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Part-Timer

(Optional) Students with Bad Spending Habits.

Population of the Study

As part of this study, there are (90) Humanities and Social Sciences student population covered

in the study. The overall sample size are (10) students from the HUMSS department in

Immaculate Conception Polytechnic at Sta. Maria Bulacan.

The researchers will ask for permission from the strand head of HUMSS department, Sir Aldrin

Sequitin, so that every HUMSS student covered by our research will participate in our survey a

simple sampling method will be used to collect data from different strategies.

Research Instrument

The researcher conducted a consent form where they indicate all the information about the

procedures of the study, the benefits and risk of participating and the goal of the study was also

specified on the consent form. The survey form used in gathering data included the profile of the

respondents and it also consisted of the variables and the following questions related to the

research topic. The following questions were asked of respondents, along with factors. In line

with the study's subject. The researchers applied a simple questionnaire determining whether that

there’s a problem in budgeting habits or not to gauge respondents’ response by asking the extent

to which they rate to the particular question or statement.

The researchers used the following Likert scale to interpret scores based on the ratings of the

following data:
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Numerical Rating Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

4 4.51 – 5.00 Yes

3 3.51 – 4.50 Sometimes

2 2.51 – 3.50 No

1 1.51 – 2.50 Never

The researchers used a questionnaire that will be drawn out from previous studies and research

for it is proven to be much more effective on the type of research we are having. The researchers

also used this method of data gathering because of the ease of access and intuitive display from

google forms.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will use Google form Questionnaires in collecting data. The survey form used in

gathering data included the profile of the respondents and it is also consisted of variables and

following questions related to the research topic.

When done, the Google forms will be automatically submitted to the researchers who is going to

review and also check if the following questions in survey form was reliable and correct. The

researchers then proceed to determine and analyze the data that the students of the humanities

and social sciences strand have given to us. After that, the researchers input the data in their

Research paper.
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After pinpointing the answers that came from the HUMSS Students, we then examine the data

and then compile them in one paper to present the problem that is at hand. The encoded data will

then be used to further support the study of the researchers. It will be written in percentage form

and some few examples will be presented along the research paper.

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

The survey questionaires were given out to respondents as part of the data collection process.

Students were given permission to complete the survey and ample time to analyze and complete

it.

The researchers assure to gathered data from the respondents and will guarantee that the

respondents will answer the questioners impartially. Upon collecting the data the researchers will

look into the following information through the use of statical tools. When the result is acquired,

the researchers will next examine the crucial distinction in order to come up with the conclusion

and recommendations.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The data gathered will then be automatically analyzed and be putted in graph form by

google forms, which the researches will observe and analyze to determine the outcomes

of the survey conducted. By this, the researchers can easily tell what is the results of the

survey and will save the researchers time for writing and analyzing the data.
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Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

It is mandatory for the researchers to gather data in order to present them, they scattered

numerous google forms links to different sections in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic’s

Humanities and social sciences strand department. the total sample size is 90 (ninety) students

from different sections, although the sections of the students mean little, the overall results that

was presented to the researchers were enough to satiate their target respondent number and over

all population. (Humanities and social science students)

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All of the presented questions are part of the aforementioned problems in the first chapter of this

research paper. which are Low Income Families, Bad Spending Habits, Part Timing (Working a

Part-Time Job).

There are Ten (10) Different charts that will be presented as part of the interpretation,

presentation, and analyzing of the gathered data. All of which correspond to a question that

mentions a problem that needs to be solved.

But first, let’s take a look at the demographics of the respondents at the table presented below.

Table 1 Age of the respondents.

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

16-17 Years old 43 46.5% 2

18-19 Years old 44 47.8% 1

20-21 Years old 4 4.4% 3

22-23 Years old 1 1.1% 4

Total 92 99.8%
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The majority of the respondents age demographics seems to be around 16-19 years old with the

combined percentage values of 94.3% being the 18-19 years old the 1st of the ranking system and

the 16-17 years old the 2nd.

Table 2 The Gender Demographic of the respondents.

Gender Frequency Percentage Rank

Male 47 51.1 1

Female 42 45.7 2

Others 3 3.3 3

Total 92 100.1

The Majority of the respondents’ gender is the male gender, second to the female gender, who is

third to the other genders which are not specified.

SOP Related Questions: Bad Spending Habits

Questions Yes No Sometimes Never

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As a student, do you consider 95.7% 4.3%

budgeting an essential skill?

Would you be willing to ask 80.4 19.6

for help with budgeting if

you find out you are not

good at it? 

Do you know how much 62% 28%

money you have to spend

each week/month?

Have you got stuck outside 20.7 40.2 32.6 6.5

and cant go home because

you cant afford the fare?

Do you put a little bit of 75% 25%

money aside regularly in

case of emergencies in the

future? 

Can you evaluate your 65.2 34.8

budgeting skills? if so, can

you tell that you are good at

budgeting?
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According to Contante, et.al (2019). The academic performance of the students is very important

to both teachers and students as this reflects the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process.

However, effective allowance budgeting which falls outside the corners of the normal teaching-

learning process is deemed significant for the students because this will benefit them not only for

sustaining their everyday needs in school but also for helping them be more prepared in the

proper handling of finances. This may somehow affect their academic strategy in becoming

academically excellent. That is why it is very important that students are knowledgeable enough

about effective allowance budgeting because it can positively affect their academic performance.

A learner-driven seminar or workshop and guidelines must be implemented to train the students

to be the best and be linked to success with the help of allowance budgeting. The researchers first

two questions indicate a positive result on the respondents outlook on the term budgeting, as for

one, the respondents consider budgeting important, two, the respondents are willing to be helped

if ever that they need help about budgeting. According to the researchers charts, 95.7% of the

respondents consider budgeting important which is almost all of the respondents, 80.4% of the

students agreed that they would ask for help with budgeting if they are not good at it. However,

19.6% disagreed that it is not necessary to ask for help even though they are not good at

budgeting. According to Roestel (2016),  concluded that active collaboration and budget tutorials

could potentially lead to other unexpected results that will help to promote an accurate budget

process. Deloso, et.al (2019), budgeting strategies (school expenses) help the students decide

whether to print their documents or to write them, also they think to use recyclable materials to

make school projects. (Savings) help the students save their excess money and think about their

priority rather than their wants as well as (other expenses/wants) help the students buy their
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wants with the use of their savings. In a study conducted by Diana Cuy Castellanos and Jeanne

Holcomb The New Vital Signs Food Label Instruments and the USDA were used to gauge food

security and nutrition literacy. Participants ranked nine items in order of highest to lowest

priority in order to gauge their financial priorities. 35.8% of the 560 college students that were

surveyed were classified as food insecure. . Students with poor budgeting skills who prioritize

spending on alcohol or tuition are more likely to be food insecure. (Journal of American college

health 68 (1), 16-20, 2020), 65.2% consider themselves good in budgeting, this is further proven

by the question in which the responders were asked if they got stuck outside, the responders

answered with a low 20.7% “yes” answers. 62% of the students concurred that they are unsure

of their weekly or monthly spending plans. Bona, et.al (2018), concluded that there are some

factors affecting the spending behavior of students wherein Sing, et.al (2020), deduced that

dining out is their most unavoidable expense, followed by movies. Nonetheless, 38% of the

students are aware of their weekly or monthly spending plans. Jeevithiva and Priya (2019),

discovered that the majority of pupils had savings and understood the value of doing so. Students

frequently like saving bank accounts as their method of choice. Students set aside money for

unexpected expenses. According to a study on students' purchasing habits, they spend more

money on transportation and education.

SOP Related Questions: Low Income Family

Is your family part of the 14.1 85.9

4P’s Beneficiary program?

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Do you find yourself in 58.7 34.8 6.5 0

situations where you cannot

buy something because of

the lack of money?

Have you ever been in a 60.9% 15.2% 21.7% 2%

situation where you have to

buy something cheaper to

eat because of your

financial situation?

A large percentage of the Philippine population has been affected by poverty for many years

now (Reyes et al., 2014). As such, the government with an aim to at least minimize poverty

prevalence has introduced various social programs and policies. However, because most are

attached to single-focus solutions, they have proven to be ineffective and not sustainable (Son

and Florentino, 2008). Not until year 2008 when Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps),

one of the most popular social measures adopted by the country was implemented

(Dungog-Cuizon and Cuizon, 2016). In the researchers' chart, it appears that in a total sample

size of 90 respondents, 85.9% of which is not in the 4Ps beneficiary program, while a low

amount of 14.1% does benefit from the 4Ps beneficiary program, this is an expected result

considering that this study is conducted in a private institution. the researchers considered this

question as an act of counting factors if a student is a part of the 4P's beneficiary program.
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Poor access to enough nutritious food is a major and highly visible issue in low-income countries

but relative deprivation exists in high-income countries such as USA, Canada, the UK, New

Zealand and Australia, where limited access to food as a consequence of economic resources is

well described (Nord, Andrews and Carlson Parnell, Reid and Wilson). However, while there are

studies in both representative samples and high-risk populations of food access limited by

economic resources (Quine and Morrell), there has been limited research examining physical

constraints to food access, although these additional factors have been hypothesized to restrict to

access and impact on food intake particularly in the elderly (Wolfe, Frongillo and Valois).

Previous research, reviewed by White (Reference White), highlighted the role of car access in

the choice of food outlets. The role of car access and disability has been indicated in both

qualitative (Wolfe, Olson and Kendall Lee, Frongillo and Olson) and quantitative studies of

hunger and food insecurity in the elderly. the researcher's charts display a big margin of students

who has to adjust to their current financial situation about what they consume and what they buy,

the charts state that the combined answers of "yes" and "sometimes" make up a good amount of

respondents answers that could be understood as the respondents often adjust to their financial

situation when it comes to buying what the respondents want and need, but due to their financial

limitations, they do not often meet that demand upon themselves. taking into account that this

research paper does not cover other miscellaneous things to buy those demands.

SOP Related Question : Part Timing

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Have you ever tried 41.3% 58.7%

working a part time job

as means to supply your

needs?

To help support their studies, many students in the Philippines choose part-time jobs. They are

hired as caregivers and household help primarily by their relatives and teachers. In exchange,

they send them to school and provide financial support.

Though they are not required to work for long periods, work pressure may affect their school

activities, particularly in subjects that most students consider complicated, such as mathematics.

As a result of not having enough time to focus on their studies, their math performance may be

compromised. If they can manage their work and study time; as a result, they may achieve their

goals due to their ability to manage a hectic schedule. The competitive environment in which we

all live today encourages people to plan and manage time effectively Mohamed, Hamal

&Mohamed 2016 [24]. In this context, the researchers were encouraged to undertake the study to

assess the connection between time management, self-efficacy, and mathematics performance of

the high school students working part-time. (D. Peteros 2021)

The researchers charts indicate that almost half of the respondents that answered the

questionnaire worked a part time job to supply their needs, which in turn may or may not affect

their performance in school as working a part time job interferes with their academic

performance.

Discussion
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Overall, the survey that the researchers conducted turned out to reveal an influx of data regarding

student’s spending habits. Most likely that the responders do not know what to prioritize when it

comes to purchasing things and the responders often prioritize what is in front of them when

buying objects that the responders do not really need. Based on the data gathered, the responders

have a sense of how skilled their budgeting skills are, but the responders don’t really know how

to execute their skills properly. The responders say that they know how much they spend each

week and that the responders save up in case of future endeavors. Some of which prefer to be

helped. The small percentage of the part timers who answered the survey show a sense of

eagerness to survive. There is also a small number of responders whose families are part of the

4Ps beneficiary program, the researchers believe that all of the respondents will be helped

through this paper.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Approaching the end of the research paper, here lies the final findings and recommendations on

which the researchers will suggest to the panelists according to the main problems that needed to

be solved and with their solutions. some may be generalized but is thought of enough to maintain
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a degree of lasting effect considering the recommendations go through. The researchers

summarizes once again the independent variables and what the research questions yielded.

Summary of the Findings

The Researchers gathered and yielded the expected results of which the respondents display a sense of

budgeting. Although the responders do not know how to manage their abilities to budget and execute

them. The researchers were able to determine the students who came from low-income families and those

who work part-time jobs to sustain themselves

1. Low-Income Families: they make up 57% of the responders, the researchers came up with

this number by combining the number form of the responders who came from the 4Ps families

and those who work part-time jobs.

2. Students with bad spending habits: the other indicators imply that this matter seems to be

positive, with all the results displaying promising denotations. All but one display a positive

result, which is the ones that got stuck outside because of lack of money.

3. Student Part Timers: 41% of the responders are working or at least worked a part time job as

means to supply their needs, this students emit a sense of despair as to which they have to do

multiple things in order for their lives to not go awry. The researchers conclude that this act

affect their studies as they cannot concentrate on which.

Conclusions
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The researchers concluded the following based on the data yielded by the google forms survey.

With the findings proving to be mostly positive, there are some downsides on the respondent’s

side. On which the researchers conclude that :

1. The students are aware of how they budget their money, but the students do not

know how to execute it properly.

2. There is a massive amount of student part-timers who work in order to supply

their needs. The researchers are concerned as the respondents who are part of the

student part-timers are losing focus due to their responsibility to work as means to

survive and go to school

3. There are students who are going for cheaper alternatives for meals as the students cannot

keep up with the overwhelming prices of today’s standards.

4. A small part of the respondents are part of the 4P’s beneficiary program, theoretically the

respondents who are part of the said program might be part of the students who are working

part-time jobs.

Recommendations

Based on the aforementioned findings of the research, the following are recommended by the

researchers:

To Students

The researchers recommend that the students practice spending restraint by constantly checking

on their budget for the day and the researchers also recommend that the student plan ahead based

on their total allowance for the week.

To Teachers
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The researchers recommend that the teachers put extra patience on the students who exhibit odd and

eccentric behavior as the teachers on act often does not know what or how the said students are going on

in their daily lives, the teachers also recommend that they remind them on their way home to check their

money and to ask you if they get into trouble on their way home due to financial struggles.

To Parents

The researchers recommend that the parents give their sons/daughters enough financial

allowance to last them for the month, and that to follow what the researchers recommend to their

sons/daughters. The researchers also advice that the parents give extra allowances for their

sons/daughters to

To Future Researchers

The researchers recommend that the future researchers use this as a baseline to study further into

what causes bad spending habits among students not only in the Humanities and social sciences

academic strand, but also to other academic strands. and that to further reference this research

paper to other related research causes.