Chemical Bonding DLPO

CHEM ACADEMY 1 Chemical Bonding
CHEMICAL BONDING
EXERCISE - I
(Single Correct Type)
1. (a) + + + – –
S PZ Acceptable
(It is along the
internuclear axis)
Px
CHEM ACADEMY
hence head on
overlapping takes
place
+
+
+
+ – –
+
Py
+
–
–
–
Zero overlap condition
(b) (unacceptable).
Px and Py are perpendicular
to each other.
+
+
+ – +
–
+
–
Pz – –
(c) Zero overlap condition
Px (unacceptable)
Both are perpendicular
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+
+
+
+ 1s –
+
–
(d) –
Zero overlap case
Px (unacceptable)
2. (a) Covalent bonds are directional


Made from hybrid orbitals  hybrid orbital have directional character. e.g. sp3  p has directional
character.
–
Na Cl
(b) Ionic bonds are not directional due to electrostatic intractions
(c) H — H µ = 0, non polar
–
CHEM ACADEMY
(d) This state is not always correct Cl
Cl
C
+
Polar bond
Cl
Polar bond + H
N
–
H
Cl H
µ=0 µ0
3. Hypervalent species are extended octet species.
Central atom
O
have 14 e– F
(1) Cl in its outer (2) 6e–
B
O O most shell. F F
O
O O
S O
8e–
(3) O O (4)
C
– O O
12 e
Correct answer is (b)
O O
N N
O
4. O
O
Covalent
co-ordinate
Correct answer is (d)
O O O
5. (a) H3C (b) C (c) (d) C
N C O O O
O
6. (a) S–S < S–P < P–P
< <
due to spherical due to dumble shape
shape of s orbital they show highest overlapping
least overlapping
7. (a) F
CHEM ACADEMY
F
B
F (b) O
O
S
O (c) F
F
Xe
F
F (d) H
H
P
H
+
F O H
Tetrahedral Tetrahedral square planar Tetrahedral
2
Ca electrostatic
intraction
8. 
C C
 
9. CH3CH3  CH 3 CH3
–
H
C C
H H H H
sp2 H sp3
Correct answer is (c)
sp  sp2  sp3
10. (a)    E.N.  s-character
50% 33.3% 25%
NC CN
C C
11. NC CN
2
sp
sp

12.   H   N H
(a) NH 3 4
sp3 sp3
H
N sp3 N sp3
H H H H
H H
–
H
(b) H Al
H
CHEM ACADEMY
AlH3 + H
H
Al
H
H
(c)
NH3
N
H
N
H
sp3
H H
H sp3 H
2
sp sp3
OH F
Si Si

(d) HO OH F
 F F
OH F
sp3 sp3
H P H 107º
13. ~ 90º N
H H H
H
Correct answer is (a)
H
N ~ 107º 109º28'
14. (a) (b) S (c) (d) O
H H O
H ~90º H H H
H H 104.5º H H
H Cl H H
H C C H H C I K C N O O
15. (a) Cl H (b) H (c) (d) H
all covalent all covalent ionic covalent
all covalent
I.P. in sp3 orbital in s-orbital
16. N H P H
H H
H H
H
H H
HC  CH C C C
17. H H H
H H
50% s character 33.3% s character 25% s character
C H % character is lower than sp higher than sp2
50% > x > 33.3%
H H H
18.
F
C
F
CHEM ACADEMY
F F
F
C
H
H
H F
C
3F increases 2F increases 1F increases

s-character in s-character in s-character in
C–H bond C–H bond C–H bond
(maximum) (minimum)
Bond length is inversly proportional to the s-character.

Correct answer is (b) CHF3 < CH2F2 < CH3F
O O O O
P C C C
F F Cl Cl Br Br H3C CH3
F Cl Br CH3
19. most E.N.
increases s-character
in P=O and hence
strongest bond.
Correct answer is (A)
20. CO2 O = C = O  linear
Cl
Hg Hg Cl N Sn H C C H
I O Cl Cl
II O
Cl IV
III
I & IV ae linear
F F F F 2–
F F F F F
S Si S Si
21. (a) F F F (b) F F F F
F F F F
see saw tetrahedral Both are octahedral
F 2– F 2– O F 2–
F F F F O O F F
Si Si Xe Te
F F F F O O F F
(c) F
CHEM ACADEMY
Octahedral
F
distorted
octahedral
(d)
O
unsymmetrical
octahedral
F
distorted
octahedral
22. X — O — X.
O > O > O
Cl Cl H H F F
due to NBEPR increases s-character
bond angle is greater in l.p. hence. (F-O-F)
is smaller
than H2O
H
23. H–B–H B 109º
H H
H
N > N > H P H > S

24. H H H H H H
H H
one l.P. repulsion 2 l.P repulsion Drago comp. Drago comp.
l.P. - B.P. is less l.P B.P. is more + l.P B.P. l.P B.P.
repulsion repulsion
P > S
so H H H
–
O
O O
N S
25. (a) V-shape (b) (c) O (d)
or Bent O O O O N O
or angular V-shape
V-shape
26.
CHEM ACADEMYF
S
F
F
C
F
Xe
F
F F F F F
F F
l.p.  1 0 2
+
F
F
27. Br See saw
F
F
F H
F B N H
28. F H Correct answer is (a)
sp3 sp3
29. O O Open book like structure.

F
H
O O
H F H F
(a) F  C  C  F (b) H (c) (d) H  C  C  H
Open book like H bonding
structure
–
O
30. < N < (order of N–O bond length)
O N O N
O O O O
O F
N O
N B
F F F O O F F H H H
31. NF3 
Pyramidal Trigonal planar Trigonal planar Pyramidal
I II III IV
N
CHEM ACADEMY
N
H Linear (V)
N
I & IV, II & III.
O O
O N O N N N
O O O O O
180º IV III
32. Linear greater than 120º
I B.P. radical repulsion
II 2– –
O
N N
O O O O
115º
l.P-B.P. repulsion
O F
N N N H
N N B O
F F O O F F H H
33. F II III H
I IV
Isostructural
(I & IV, II & III) Correct answer is (c)
2–
CO F Cl F F
F Xe
34. (a) Ni (b) S (c) CO (d) F F
OC CO F Cl Cl
CO F Cl Planar
Br
35. Br
I O O
O
Both are Br Both are
linear
CHEM ACADEMY
F
Xe O
Xe
O
pyramidal
O
F
36. NH3 XeO2F2 SeF4 NO2

F F
sp3 O F
Xe Se O N O
O F
F F sp
sp3d sp3d
– Cl
Cl F F
37. (a) O N O N (b) Cl P Br
O Cl F F F
O Cl
– Cl O
F F Cl Cl Cl
(c) Xe I (d) Te Xe
Cl O O
F F Cl Cl Cl O
O
38. O N N N
O
Bent Linear
F F
F F F
I I F
39. F F F
F F F
square pyramidal pentagonal bipyramidal
F
– 2– F F
Cl Cl O
O O
40. (a)
Cl
Cl
CHEM ACADEMY
Sb
Cl
Cl
Cl
(b)
Cl
Cl
Sn
Cl
Cl
Cl
(c) F
F
Xe
F (d)
O
I
O
O
distorted octahedral
F
F F
Xe
41. F F
F
capped octahedral
F equitorial
F F
N F Cl
42. (a) (b) (c) B (d) Al
F F
F different F axial F F F F
–
Cl Cl
43. I
Cl Cl
Correct answer is (b) (8)
44. Cl2O6 ClO 

2 ClO 4 Cl
O O
F
F F F
F
F P P
F F F
45. F sp
TBP
3
sp3d sp d
x 2  y2
z2
F F Cl Cl
46. F
Br
F
CHEM ACADEMY
F Cl
Br
Cl
Cl
Correct answer is (d) isostructural.
I
I
47. I I
I
Tetrahedral
TBP
48. Correct answer is (c)
F
Cl
49. F As
Cl
F
F
Cl Cl F F
I I
50. Cl Cl F F
sp3d2  square planar sp3d2  square pyramidal
F H
F F
S C
F F H H
F H
3 2
sp d  octahedral sp3  Tetrahedral
F
F F F
F B
51. Xe Br
O
H H F F F
F
All are planar
52. CHEM ACADEMY

O22– is diamagnetic because all electrons are in paired form in MO diagram.
53. He
2 HeH 
He He He H
1s 1s 1s 1s
HeH   2  1  1  2
1 1 1 2
B.O.  [n b  n a ]  [2  1]  0.5 B.O.  [2  0]   1
2 2 2 2
Bond energy  Bond order
 Bond energy of HeH   He

2
–
C N C N
54.
Negative charge on carbon atom
2  C 4 H O
55. Mg 2C3  3
3
C  C  C

It contains 2 bond 2 sigma bond
56. Correct answer is (b)
N2  N
2
57. (a) B.O.  3 B.O. 2.5
(B.O.  Bond energy)

(b) O 2  O 2 (Dissociation energy  B.O.)
B.O. 2 B.O. 2.5
1
(c) Bond order  Bond length
N
2  2.5 N2 = 3 N 2  N
2 (Bodn length order)
(d) NO  14 electron species B.O. = 3
CHEM ACADEMY
NO  15 electron species
B.O.  Bond energy 

1
B.O. = 2.5
Bond length
NO  NO (order of bond length)
O—F
58.   = 17 electron species
8e  9e 

22Pz 22Px  22Py *2 *1 o

2Px  2Py 2Pz
1 1 3
B.O.  [n b  n a ]  [6  3]   1.5
2 2 2
e 
N 2   N 2
59. 
22Px   2Py
2 2
 2Pz *0 *0
2Px   2Py
Correct answer is (a)–orbital
1
60. Bond order  Bond energy 
Bond length
O O O O
61. (a) HO S O O S OH (b) HO S S OH

O O O O
O O
(c) S S (d) S O O H
OH S
OH O
l.p.-l.p.
repulsion
F F Cl Cl
62. No l.p.-l.p.
This bond is weaker
repulsion
CHEM ACADEMY
than Cl–Cl single bond
Br Br
Bond is weak
Hence, Cl2 has highest bond energy.

63. Ionic compound have high melting but also have high boiling point not low boiling point.
sp sp
N N
sp sp
C sp2 2 C
sp
C C
sp2 sp2
2 3
sp C sp C sp2
64. N N 6sp2 of atoms
S
3
sp S S 3
Cl Cl sp
sp3 sp3
OH
+
B Na
O O
HO B O B OH
65. O O
B
Na+
OH
66. C3O2
O C C C O
sp sp sp
67. HC  P
2 and 2
sp3
N C CN sp
68. C sp, sp3
CHEM ACADEMY
C
C
N
CN
69. Correct answer is (d)

70. Correct answer is (c)
O Et
H O
71. Correct answer is (c) due to H-bonding. Et
H
72. Straight chain compound have higher B.P. due to more surface area.
CH 3CH 2  CH 2  OH
CH3CH2CH 2CH3 (II)
(I) B.P.  H  bonding
(dominating factor)
CH 3  CH 2  CH3
CH3CH 2CH 2  CH 2  Cl |
(III) CH3
B.P.  molecular mass (IV)
II > III > I > IV
O O
73. H F H F H 3C H CH 3 N2O4 & CH4 don’t have H-bonding.
H
O
O O H
H 3C C C CH3 O
N
74. (i) O H O (ii)
inter O
Intramolecular
O2
H N
O O H O H
H B O B
O O H O
(iii) O (iv)
N H H H
O2 intramolecular
Inter
O
H
CHEM ACADEMY
C
O Intramolecular
H-bonding H
O
H O
H
O
H O
H
75. H H CH3 – CHO

Intermolecular
76. H F H F H F due to H-bonding

77. Refer Q. No. 74
H H
N N
H H
H
H
78. N N
H
H
H-bonding
79. Correct answer is (c) due to H-bonding
X
80. M sp2 hybrid
X X
F
F B
O F F
2 Cl
81. (a) C (b) F Si F (c) sp but (d) O OH
HO OH F non polar polar but sp3 hyb.
µ=0
Cl
82.
Cl
Cl
CHEM ACADEMY
meta
Cl
Cl
para
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
83. (a) (b)
Cl
dipole of 2 C–Cl bond
having 1 C–Cl bond dipole
Cl Cl Cl
(c) (d)
Cl
µ=0 Cl
84. Dipole moment directly proportional to the
(1) E.N. diff. i.e. charge on two atom.
(2) Bond length
Dipole moment = dq (d = distance (bond length); q = charge)
   
C  F < C  Cl (Bond length order)
Bond length dominates over charge
CH 3Cl  CH3F  CH3Br  CH3I
85. µH–Cl = 1.03 D
d = 1.275 Å
86. LiCl, RbCl, BeCl2, MgCl2
According to Fajan’s rule,
Covalent character in ionic bond is more when
(1) High charge on both anion and cation
(2) Small size of cation.
So, out of LiCl, RbCl, BeCl2, MgCl2
BeCl2 and MgCl2 have +2 cationic charge. So, more covalent character.
CHEM ACADEMY
Out of LiCl & RbCl, Li has smaller size
So, have more covalent character.
Therefore, RbCl has least covalent character and more ionic character.
Out of BeCl2 & MgCl2, Be+2 has smallest size.
So, most covalent character.
Hence, least ionic character.
87. Cs and F
Cs  bigger ion hence it can’t polarize the F ion hence very less covalent character most ionic.
EXERCISE - II
Multiple Answer Type
1. (a) O
2  2.5 (b) O 2  1.5 (c) NO = 2.5 (d) H
2  0.5
All have fractional B.O.

So correct answer is (a), (b), (c), (d).
H
F F
Xe C
OCO Cl Cl
2. (a) F F (b) Cl Cl (c) (d)
Cl µ=0
µ=0
µ=0 µ0
Correct answer is (a), (c), (d).
– Cl
I H 2O
Cl F F
I Cl P Xe
3. (a) (b) O (c) Cl (d) F F
I H H Cl
Planar (linear) Bent (Planar) non planar (TBP) Planar
Correct answer is (a), (b), (d)

NO2
NO 2 NO2 Cl
Cl
4. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Cl
µ0 Cl µ 0 µ 0
µ 0
Correct answer is (a), (b), (c), (d)
l.p.
O OH O
5.  bonds
tautomerism
6. (a) O
2
CHEM ACADEMY
2
 2Pz
Resonance
2
 2Px 2
 2Py  *1 *0 *0
2Px  2Py  2Pz
(b) O2  2Pz

2 2
 2Px 2
 2Py  *2 *1 *0
2Px  2Py   2Pz
NO   22Pz  2Px
(c) (15e
2 2
 2Py  *1 *0 0
2Px   2Py   2Pz
)
(d) H  1 *0
2  1s  1s
All have unpaired electron
7. XeF2 XeF4 Xe sp3d
+ + +
8. – + – –
A.O. A.O. BMO
+ – +
– –
A.O. A.O. ABMO
H H H H
H
9. (a) B B (b) H C C H
H H H H H
H H H H
H
(c) Al Al (d) H Si Si H
H H H H H
Correct answer is (a), (c)
F F
10. Xe
F F
– – O
–
Cl Cl I F F
(a) I (b) (c) Br (d) Xe
I I I O O
Cl Cl F F
I O
CHEM ACADEMY
Correct answer is (a), (c)
F
F
F
N S
H H H H O F F
11. (a) H (b) (c) H H (d) F
no hybridisation 104.5º It contains 90º
107º 90º and 180º angle
Correct answer is (b), (d)
Sn S C S
12. (a) Cl Cl (b) N C O (c) (d) O N O
Linear Linear Linear
Bent
Correct answer is (b), (c), (d)
NH 2 –
N
13. (a) H H sp3
N
sp2 H H
–
OH
sp2
(b) Al (c)
HO OH 33.33 66.66
OH
Correct answer is (a) (b) (d)
Cl H
C C C C
14. H Cl
µ = 0, non polar
15. N
H H
H
H H
(a) Se (b) C (c) B H (d) H C
O O H H H H
O H
16.
CHEM ACADEMY
Correct answer is (a), (b)
1
Polarizing power of cation  radius of cation  charge on cation
Polarizing of anion  size of anion  charge on anion.

Minimum polarization is brought by a cation of high radius.
A large cation is likely to bring about a low degree of polarization.
A small anion is likely to undergo a low degree of polarization.
Correct answer is (a), (b), (d)
17. CO2  Valence shell electron = 4 + 6 + 6 = 16 e–
(a) N3  Valence shell electron = 5 + 5 + 5 + 1 (due to –ve charge) = 16 e–

(b) CNO–  VSE = 4 + 5 + 6 + 1 = 16e–
(c) (NCN)2–  VSE = 5 + 4 + 5 + 2 = 16e–
(d) NO
2  VSE = 5 + 6 + 6 + 1 = 18 e
–
1
18. s-character  Bond angle  Bond length
 Bond angle decreases, bond length increases

Bonds are formed by orbital therefore with the increase of bond length size of orbital also increases.
19. Correct answer is (a) (b) (c) (d)
20. x, y, z-axis are perpendicular to each other.
When Py approach each other When approach along 2-axis
 bond
 bond  bond
Py Pz Pz
Py
 bond
Px Px Px Px
Correct answer is (b) (c)

CH 4  2O2  CO2  2H 2O
21. sp3 sp
Cl
Cl Cl F
O C O Cl B Cl P 8e–
Cl Si
22. (a) (b) Cl (c) Cl (d)
8 e– –
F F
6e 10e – F
23. CHEM ACADEMY

Correct answer is (b), (c)
A is diamond like array (hence non polar linkage)
B is NaCl type compound hence ionic
C is HCl(g) hence
cation  H is having high polarizing power..
H H H H
H H
B B Al Al
24. (a) H H H (b) H H H
– –
3c-2e bond 3c-2e bond
H H Cl H
H H
Be Be Be Be
(c) H H H (d) Cl H
H
– –
3c-2e bond 3c-4e bond
O O
O Si O Si O
O O
O Si O Si O
25. (a) (b) (BN)n show (3D structure)
O O
3D structure
P Cl
(c) P P not 3D (d) C

Cl Cl
P (P4) Cl
Correct answer is (a), (b)
F F F
F F F F F
Br S S F C O
26. (a) F F (b) F F (c) F (d)
F F F F 8e– 8e–
CHEM ACADEMY
12e –
Correct answer is (a), (b), (c)

12e – 14e –
H
27. (a) H H (b) HFO4
S
H H No central
H atom hence
(not exist) it can’t exist.
sulfur don’t form
6e– bond with hydrogen.
–
Hydrogen can’t excite the e
3s 3p 3d
(c) 2FeI3  2FeI 2  I2 (This CFSE based unstability of complex)

CFSE = 0 CFSE  0
H
(d) Cl exist
O O
O
CN
H CN N N N
CN
Fe
28. (a) Al (b) C O (c) CN CN (d)
Cl Cl CN N N N
Correct answer is (b), (c), (d)
29. Correct answer is (a), (b), (c)
30. Correct answer is (a), (b), (c)
31. (a) CO  14 electron species B.O. = 3
(b) CN–  14 electron species B.O. = 3
(c) NO+  14 electron species B.O. = 3
(d) O
2  15 electron species B.O. = 2.5
32. (a) O
2 (see MO diagram of O2)
(b) NO (see MO diagram of NO)
(c) O2 – (see MO diagram of O2)
(d) B2
CHEM ACADEMY
(It has two unpaired electron species) See MO diagram of B2
33. (a) N  +
2 = 2.5 and O2 = 2.5
(b) F2 = 1 and Ne2 = 0

(c) O22– = 1 and B2 = 1
(d) C2 = 2 and N2 = 3
34. (a) is correct one electron is removed from 22Pz
(b) O 2  O 2 , i.e. is removed from *1 *1

2Px   2Py
(c) O2  O2 , i.e. is added in *1 *1

2Px   2Py (antibonding orbital)
(d) CN  CN  , i.e. is added in 12Pz
EXERCISE - III
Subjective and Numerical Answer Type
F3 F2
1.
I
F4 F1 4 angles between F1, F2, F3, F4; 4 angles with F5. Total 8 angle.
F5
1 2
2. 3 atoms are shared. pertetrahedraon in 2D-silicate.

3
2 *2 2 *2 2
1s 1s 2s  2s 2Pz 22Px   22Py *1 *0 *0
2Px  2Py 2Pz
3. O
2
b ab b ab b b b ab
10 bonding electron 5 antibonding electron
Answer is 0105.
Cl 1
C
CHEM ACADEMY
4. Cl 3 Cl 4 Imagine a tetrahedral molecule, cut the molecule by
Cl 3
C1 C C3
C1 C C4
C2 C C3
C2 C C4
C3 C C4
Correct answer is (6)
H1
C
5. F1 H1 C F1  H1 C F2  H 2 C F1  H 2 C F2 (There 4 are same)
H1
F2
I  F1 C F2 
are not identical
I  H1 C H 2 
F
Total l.p. = 9
Xe on central atom = 3 l.p.
6. ratop = 9 : 3 = 3 : 1
F
–1/3
O O
S S
HO O –1/3
HO O
7. O
O –1/3
3 S–O bonds are
identical
–1/3 –1/3
O O
O O
–1/3 S
S –1/3
O
S
O
CHEM ACADEMY
S
S
O
O 
O S O
O –1/3 O –1/3
6 S–O bond are identical
Answer is 36
sp3
OH sp3
sp3
B sp3
sp3 sp2 sp2
O O
HO B sp3 B OH
O
O O sp3 sp3
8. sp3 B sp3
11  sp3; 2  sp2
OH
sp3
Answer is 0112
F F
F
Br B B C C B
9. (i) Cl (ii) F sp2 sp sp sp2
F
trigonal planar Planar molecule
10. Sb–H  0.5%
SbH3  0.5 × 3 = 1.5% s character in Sb–H bonds.
Sb
% s character in l.p. = 100 – 1.5 = 98.5
H H
H
NH3 , H 2O, H 2S , AsH 3 , PCl3 , SF4 , CH 4 , SiH 4 , PH3 , XeH 4

11.          
sp3 sp3 No hybri. No hybri. sp3 sp3d sp3 sp3 No hybri No hybri.
Answer is 4.
EXERCISE - IV
Previous Year Questions
O C O
1. Carbon have 4 valence e– and now by valence e– count rule CO2 is sp hybridised
Linear sp
But NO2 sp2  N
CHEM ACADEMY O O
SO2 sp2  S
O O
ClO2 sp2  Not count in hybridisation

Cl
O O
2. (a) NF3 N Trigonal pyramidal (sp3)

F
F F
(b) NCl3 N Trigonal pyramidal (sp3)

Cl
Cl Cl
H P H
(c) PH3 No hybridisation but it is not planar.
H
F
(d) BF3 B F Trigonal pyramidal (sp3)
F
3. (c) NF3  Trigonal pyramidal shape (sp3)  H3O+
NO3–  Trigonal planar (sp2)  BF3
4. (b) B > P > As > Bi
120º Cl
Cl B sp2 hybridized
Cl
B compound have highest bond angle due to sp2 hybridisation at compare to other sp3
P As Bi
Cl Cl Cl  (sp3 hybridized)
Cl
CHEM ACADEMY
Cl
P > As > Bi
Cl Cl Cl Cl
It is due to the reason that as we goes down the group electronegativity of central atom decreases
and chlorine will attract the bonding electrons towards itself more and so the bodn angle decreases.
5 1 4
5. NO2+  2 sp
2 2 O N O
O
5 1 6
NO3–  3 sp2 N
2 2
O O
H
5  4 1 8 N
NH4+  4 sp3
2 2 H H
H
i.e. (b) sp, sp2 and sp3 respectively.
6. (a) NO3– and CO32–
O
5 1
NO3–  3 sp2 N
2
O O
O
42
CO32–  3 sp2 C
2 O O
i.e. isostructural
NO and CO32– both have 24 electron so isoelectronic.
3
–
F F
F F F
Cl Xe S S
O O F
7. (a) (b) F F (c) (d) F
O F
1 l.p. 3 lone pair
1 l.p. 2 l.p. highest
O
60
8. (a) S 3 sp2 trigonal planar
2
O O
Br F 73
(b) 5 sp3d T-shaped
2
CHEM ACADEMY
F
O
42
(c) Si 3 sp2 Trigonal planar
2
O O
S 6 2
(d) O F 4 i.e. (3BP + 1LP) so Pyramidal
2
F
9. As shown in above question T shaped.
10. XeO2F2 it has TBP shape
8 2
 5 sp3d hybridisation
2
F
O
Xe
O
F
Simply count the lone pairs of all these
F
Cl F 2 lone pairs
F
–
Cl
ICl2– 3 lone pairs I

Cl
P
PCl3 1 lone pair Cl Cl
Cl
TeCl4 1 Lone pair Cl Te Cl

Cl Cl
12.
O
O
CHEM ACADEMY
O
Bent shape
Linear shape
N N N
13. Br I Br F Xe F Both are linear
Br Both are pyramidal Xe

O O
O O O O
Here bond angle

14. (b) O O will be more
H H Cl Cl
Here Cl atoms are Big

so NBEP repulsion came
into play which is absent in H2O
F
F F
Xe
15. F F Xe has a lone pair in XeF6 so it is a distorted one.
F
Capped octahedral
H2
16. (a) 1e– e.g. H 

2 Bond with 1e–
having B.O. = 0.5
Because the chemical bond is attraction between two atoms and it may be due to 1 e– only.
17. HC  CH sp hybridized 50% s character
H 2C  CH 2 sp2 hybridized 33% s character
CH4 sp3 hybridized 25% s character
C H 50% > s-character > 33% because its hybridisation is in between sp2 to sp.
18. H Al
CHEM ACADEMY
H
6e– not octet complete, then it actually dimerize
H H H
Al Al itself to complete octet.
H H H
O
19. (b) two P bonds are present
O O
P P
HO O OH
OH OH

20. C H3 3 bond pair + 1 lone pair
C i.e. trigonal pyramidal

H H
H

Chemical Bonding DLPO

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Chemical Bonding DLPO

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CHEM ACADEMY 1 Chemical Bonding

Both are perpendicular

2. (a) Covalent bonds are directional

(c) H — H µ = 0, non polar

3. Hypervalent species are extended octet species.

Correct answer is (b)

C H % character is lower than sp higher than sp2

50% > x > 33.3%

3F increases 2F increases 1F increases

Bond length is inversly proportional to the s-character.

N > N > H P H > S

Correct answer is (d)

29. O O Open book like structure.

I & IV, II & III.

Correct answer is (c)

Correct answer is (d)

Correct answer is (a)

36. NH3 XeO2F2 SeF4 NO2

Correct answer is (b)

Correct answer is (c)

Correct answer is (b)

Correct answer is (b) (8)

44. Cl2O6 ClO 

Correct answer is (d) isostructural.

52. CHEM ACADEMY

 Bond energy of HeH   He

56. Correct answer is (b)

(d) NO  14 electron species B.O. = 3

B.O.  Bond energy 

NO  NO (order of bond length)

22Pz 22Px  22Py *2 *1 o

Correct answer is (a)–orbital

61. (a) HO S O O S OH (b) HO S S OH

Hence, Cl2 has highest bond energy.

69. Correct answer is (d)

II > III > I > IV

75. H H CH3 – CHO

76. H F H F H F due to H-bonding

Correct answer is (c)

Correct answer is (a)

All have fractional B.O.

Correct answer is (a), (b), (d)

(b) O2  2Pz

All have unpaired electron

7. XeF2 XeF4 Xe sp3d

Polarizing of anion  size of anion  charge on anion.

(a) N3  Valence shell electron = 5 + 5 + 5 + 1 (due to –ve charge) = 16 e–

 Bond angle decreases, bond length increases

Correct answer is (b) (c)

23. CHEM ACADEMY

(c) P P not 3D (d) C

Correct answer is (a), (b), (c)

(c) 2FeI3  2FeI 2  I2 (This CFSE based unstability of complex)

(b) F2 = 1 and Ne2 = 0

34. (a) is correct one electron is removed from 22Pz

(b) O 2  O 2 , i.e. is removed from *1 *1

(c) O2  O2 , i.e. is added in *1 *1

(d) CN  CN  , i.e. is added in 12Pz

2. 3 atoms are shared. pertetrahedraon in 2D-silicate.

NH3 , H 2O, H 2S , AsH 3 , PCl3 , SF4 , CH 4 , SiH 4 , PH3 , XeH 4

But NO2 sp2  N

ClO2 sp2  Not count in hybridisation

22Pz 22Px  22Py 2 1 o

(b) O 2  O 2 , i.e. is removed from 1 1

(c) O2  O2 , i.e. is added in 1 1