HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR

CONDITIONING
ASSIGNMENT #1

NAME: ALEENA AMIN KHUWAJA

CLASS: VI-A ME
ROLL NO : ME-1773
CMS ID: 337221
INSTRUCTOR: LT. CDR. ASIF
 Compressor And Its Types

A compressor is a device that increases the pressure of a compressible fluid (i.e., air or gas) by reducing
its volume. Gas compressors are most commonly used in different industries to transfer gas from one
tank to another tank. 

Compressors are primarily classified as either positive displacement compressors or dynamic

compressors.

Positive displacement compressors compress the air by sucking it into the compression chamber. It
compresses the air until the air pressure reaches up to the desired level. The compressed air is then
transferred to the desired area through pipelines. Positive displacement compressors have the below-
given types:

1. Reciprocating Compressors: These compressors use a reciprocating motion to compress the gas
or air. A piston moves back and forth inside a cylinder, compressing the gas on the upstroke and
expelling it on the downstroke.
2. Rotary Screw Compressors: These compressors use two interlocking rotors that compress the
gas or air as it moves through the compressor. They are commonly used in industrial settings.
3. Scroll Compressors: These compressors use two interleaving spirals to compress the gas or air.
They are commonly used in refrigeration systems and air conditioning units.

Dynamic compressors are a type of compressor that work by adding velocity to a gas or air stream,
which in turn increases its pressure. They are also known as turbocompressors because they often use
turbines to provide the energy needed to compress the gas or air. Dynamic compressors are further
subdivided as follows:

1. Centrifugal Compressors: These compressors use a rotating impeller to accelerate the gas or air,
which is then converted into pressure by a diffuser. They are commonly used in large-scale
applications, such as power plants and natural gas pipelines.
2. Axial Compressors: These compressors use a series of rotating and stationary blades to
compress the gas or air. They are commonly used in gas turbine engines and other aircraft
propulsion systems.
 Evaporator And Its Types

An evaporator is a device that is used to turn a liquid into a vapor by removing heat from the liquid. In
industrial applications, evaporators are commonly used to remove water or other liquids from a solution
or mixture, leaving behind a more concentrated product. Examples of industries that use evaporators
include food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and oil and gas companies.

There are several types of evaporators, including:

1. Falling Film Evaporators: In a falling film evaporator, the liquid is fed into the top of the
evaporator and flows down a series of vertical tubes or plates. As the liquid flows down, it is
heated and vaporized, creating a thin film of vapor on the surface of the tubes or plates.
2. Rising Film Evaporator: In this type of evaporator, the liquid flows up the surface of the heat
transfer tubes as a thin film, which is heated by a heat source located outside the tubes. The
liquid evaporates and leaves the tubes as a vapor, while the concentrated liquid remains at the
bottom of the tubes.
3. Forced Circulation Evaporator: In this type of evaporator, the liquid is circulated through the
heat transfer tubes by a pump. The liquid is heated by a heat source located outside the tubes,
and the vapor is separated from the liquid using a separator.
4. Plate Evaporator: In this type of evaporator, the liquid flows between plates with a large surface
area, which are heated by a heat source located outside the plates. The liquid evaporates and
leaves the plates as a vapor, while the concentrated liquid remains between the plates.
5. Multiple Effect Evaporator: In this type of evaporator, the liquid is evaporated in a series of
evaporator vessels, each operating at progressively lower pressures. The vapor from one vessel
is used to heat the liquid in the next vessel, resulting in higher energy efficiency.
 Condenser And Its Types

A condenser is a heat transfer device that is used to transfer heat from a hot vapor or gas to a cooler
liquid or gas, which results in the condensation of the vapor or gas into a liquid state. Condensers are
used in various industries, including refrigeration, air conditioning, power generation, chemical
processing, and petroleum refining.

There are several types of condensers, each with its own unique features and applications. The most
common types of condensers include:

1. Water-cooled Condenser: In this type of condenser, the hot vapor or gas is cooled by circulating
water through a series of tubes or plates. The water absorbs the heat from the vapor or gas and
is then discharged to a cooling tower or other cooling source.
2. Air-cooled Condenser: In this type of condenser, the hot vapor or gas is cooled by passing it
over a series of fins, which are cooled by the surrounding air. The cooled vapor or gas then
condenses into a liquid and is collected in a condensate receiver.
3. Shell and Tube Condenser: In this type of condenser, the hot vapor or gas flows through a series
of tubes, while the cooling liquid flows through the shell surrounding the tubes. The heat is
transferred from the vapor or gas to the cooling liquid, which results in the condensation of the
vapor or gas.
4. Surface Condenser: In this type of condenser, the hot vapor or gas is cooled by passing it over a
large surface area, which is cooled by a cooling liquid. The cooled vapor or gas then condenses
into a liquid and is collected in a condensate receiver.
5. Evaporative Condenser: In this type of condenser, the hot vapor or gas is cooled by spraying
water over a heat exchange surface. The water evaporates, which cools the heat exchange
surface and the vapor or gas. The cooled vapor or gas then condenses into a liquid and is
collected in a condensate receiver. This type of condenser is commonly used in refrigeration and
air conditioning systems.