PATHF 4 Dance (Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 4) 2nd Semester, A.Y.

2022-2023

MODULE 1: Dance in General

HISTORY
 Closely follows the development of human race.
 Oldest proof of existence of dancing comes from the 9000-year old cave paintings.
 Judging by the many tomb paintings that survived the tooth of time, Egyptian priests used musical instruments
and dancers o mimic important events-stories of gods and cosmic patterns of moving stars and sun.

COMPONENTS
 Dance – from an old German word “danson” which means “to stretch”.
- It uses the body as an instrument of expression and communication.
- Students learn teamwork, focus and improvisational skills.
- It awakens new perceptions in students which help them learn and think in new ways.

 Dancing – expressing one’s emotions through movement.

 Rhythm – the art of movement.

- The measured motion of flow which features beats, sounds and accents.

 Rhythmic Activities – refers to those bodily responses made to any type of rhythmic accompaniments.

 Rhythmic Fundamentals – developing an understanding and feeling for the element of rhythm.

PHASES OF DANCE
 Creative Rhythm – for children in the elementary grade.
 Folk/Ethnic Dance – a cultural art form handed down from generations to generations.
- It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupation of the people or country.
- Examples are the rural dance, jotas, mazurkas, pandanggos, among other with foreign influence.
 Social Dance – a social gathering with the formal atmosphere.
- Consists of 2 discipline or categories
Latin American Discipline Modern Standard Discipline
Cha-cha, Rumba, Jive, Samba, Paso Doble, Salsa, Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot and Quicksteps
Mambo, Bachatta, Lindy hop, Boogie, etc.
 Creative Dance – Highest form of dance.
- An end product of exploration and improvisation of movements.
 Recreational Dance – includes dance mixers, square dance. These dance have simple patterns and combinations
of walking, two-step, polka step and waltz step.

OBJECTIVES OF RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES

1. To provide opportunities for creative self-expression.

2. To develop skills in rhythmic movements sufficient to provide for present enjoyment and to meet possible future
needs as the ability to walk, run, slide, jump, leap, gallop or hop to a variety of music.
3. To give opportunities for the development of rhythmic accuracy and coordination.
4. To apply rhythmic fundamental skills and social understanding in organized groups.
5. To appreciate and understand different cultures through folk dancing.

RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES
a. Animal interpretations - rhythmic movements exhibiting animal acts, e.g., walking, running, galloping,
jumping, etc.
b. Nature Imitation - rhythmic interpretations or the movements seen from nature e.g., movements of clouds,
gentle rain, rippling brooks, blowing of wind, falling leaves, etc.
 c. Character Imitations - rhythmic movements that show habitual actions done by actors, actresses, personalities,
T.V., radio and print media characters, etc.
d. Mechanical Interpretations - rhythmic actions depicting movements of objects and things usually with
machines, e.g., train, steamboats, airplanes, motorbike, rollercoaster, Ferris wheel, etc.
e. Activity Imitations - rhythmic movements showing action of an individual or a group, e.g., rowing, boxing,
dancing, climbing, swimming, planting, etc.

 Popular dances - the latest craze for certain period of time.

MOVEMENT SKILLS

Locomotor Movement Skills are used to move the body from one place to another as in walking, running, skipping,
leaping, sliding, and galloping or to project the body upward as in jumping and hopping. They form the foundation of
gross motor coordination and involve large movements.

Walking is the regular pacing of the feet; a simple transferring of body weight from one foot to the other on the
ground. Scientifically, it is a process of losing balance and recovering it while moving forward in an upright position, the
body displaying a little up and down or side to side movement. The arms and legs move in opposition.

Running is an increased speed in walking by lifting the foot off the contact ground. Each leg in a mature running
pattern, goes through a support phase and a recovery phase and full sequence produces two periods of non-support.

Hopping is a springing action from one foot and landing on the same foot in any direction. The knee seldom
straightens fully.

Leaping is an extension of a run, where greater force is used to produce a higher dimension than a run. The spring
from one foot propels the body upward and landing on the opposite foot.

Sliding is when the lead step is quickly followed by the free foot closing to replace the supporting foot. The lead
foot quickly springs from the floor into a direction of intended travel. The same foot always leads in a slide producing an
uneven rhythm: step-close, step- close, step-close.

Galloping is a combination of a step (full transfer of weight on one foot) and a cut by the transfer of weight on
the other foot. It is an exaggerated slide in a forward direction. The lead leg lifts and bends and then thrusts forward to
support the weight. The rear foot quickly closes to replace the supporting leg as the lead leg springs up into its lifted and
bent position.

Skipping is a combination of a step and a hop, first on one foot and then on the other foot on faster tempo.

Jumping is a locomotor pattern in which the body propels itself off the floor or apparatus into a momentary
period of flight. The fundamental jumping pattern consists of five basic variations (Graham, 2001).
 Two-foot take off to a one-foot landing
 Two-foot take off to a two-foot landing
 Hop
 Leap
 One-foot take off to a two-foot landing

Non-manipulative Skills are performed without appreciable movement from place to place. These skills are not as well
defined as locomotor skills. They include bending, rolling, stretching, rotating, swaying, swinging, striking or hitting,
pulling, pushing, vibrating, twisting, circling.

Bending is contracting or shortening of a body part from a joint.

Curling is shortening, contracting, or flexing of body parts from a joint.

Circling is moving the body or body forming a circle.

 Pulling is an act of lugging or towing an object towards or with the body.

Pushing is an act of shoving an object away from the body.

Striking or Hitting is giving an impetus to an object with a hit, punch or tap.

Twisting is turning the body or body parts to one side.

Vibrating is the shaking of the body parts or beating movement.

MODULE 2: Introduction to Ballroom Dance

Ballroom – came the Latin word “ballare” which means “to dance”
- It can be recreational or competitive.

VALUES OF BALLROOM DANCING

A. Personal Values

1. Develop grace and poise.

2. Help to break down excessive reserve and shyness.
3. Afford the opportunity to meet new friends and develop mutual respect.
4. Provide the challenge of learning steps and executing them successfully to musical accompaniment.

B. Physical Values

1. Helps improve neuromuscular coordination, balance, rhythm and grace.

2. Offer moderate form of exercise without strain and danger of injury.
3. Encourage individuals to dress neatly and appropriately.

C. Social Values

1. Provide an excellent way to find new friends.

2. Provide a constructive and healthy answer to a leisure dilemma.
3. Provide a means to develop appropriate social behavior, good etiquette, and thoughtful consideration for others.

SOCIAL ETIQUETTES IN DANCING

1. Careful thought to personal grooming, including appropriate dress for the occasion, makes it possible for an
individual to feel secure and confident in appearance.
2. Giving proper attention to a partner makes the person feel good. Security develops from a friendly smile, a cheery
word, or an alertness to a partner rather than boredom or looking around at others.
3. Encouragement builds confidence.
4. Cooperation creates a feeling of working together.
5. A gentleman and a lady must graciously accept any partner with whom he or she may be paired.
6. It is not good taste to smoke or chew gum while dancing.
7. The gentleman should take the lady's hand, arm or hold his arm for her to take, and in this manner, guides her into
the floor. If there is a crowd at the edge of the dance floor, the gentleman should proceed with the lady and make
the way out of the crowd.
8. A gentleman should always thank the lady after dancing with her and she acknowledges the courtesy.
9. A lady never refuses to change partner when a gentleman "cuts in" for "cutting in" is permitted in the dance.
10. The lady never refuses the dance without having a very good reason. If she refuses an invitation, she doesn't
accept another partner for the same dance.
11. Partners should not dance continuously for an entire evening. He also arranges to exchange partners frequently so
that the evening may become a social occasion.
12. When colliding with one's partner or other dancers, one should apologize.
13. A gentleman always rises when a lady is standing or when she enters a room.
14. One should also remember to bring along a smile.

COMMON DANCE TERMS

1. BRUSH Weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball or heel of the other foot and lift
that foot from the floor to any direction.
2. CROSSED ARMS Partners facing each other or standing side by side join their left hands together
and the right hands together; either right over left- or left-over right hands.
3. CUT To quickly displace one foot with the other.
4. DO-SI-DO Partners advance forward, pass each other’s right (left) side, step across to the
right move backwards without turning around, pass each other left side to
proper places.
5. HOP A spring from one foot landing on the same foot in place or in any direction.
6. JALEO Partners turn around clockwise (with right elbows almost touching) or
counterclockwise (with left elbows almost touching) using walking or any kind
of dance step.
7. JUMP A spring on one foot or both feet landing on both feet in any direction.
8. LEAP A spring from one foot landing on the other foot in any direction.
9. SALUDO OR BOW Partners bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers, or to the
neighbors with feet together. This is of Spanish origin and is used in almost all
Philippine dances.
10. SLIDE To glide foot smoothly along the floor. The movement may be finished with or
without transfer of weight.
11. STAMP To bring the foot forcibly and noisily on the floor with or without transfer of
weight.
12. WHIRL To make fast turns by executing small steps in place to right or left

DANCE NOTATIONS AND SYMBOLS

R- right 2x- 2 times Hd- hand

L- left ct- count M- measure
Ft- foot cts.- counts Bwd- backward
Fwd- forward

DIFFERENT BALLROOM DANCING POSITIONS/HOLDS

1. BACK CROSS POSITION

The lady is at the man's right side, both facing the same direction. The
man's R arm behind the waist of his partner holds the R hand of the
girl while the left hand is extended behind holding the girls left hand.

2. COUPLE POSITION
Partners in a side by side position face the same direction and join the
inside hands with elbows flexed at shoulder level
3. ESCORT POSITION
Similar to the couple's position except that the man bends his elbow
and places the forearm across his waist and the lady holds the arm of
the man.

4.REVERSE OPEN POSITION

Similar to close position, the lady is placed strongly to the man's right
shoulder.

5.VARSOVIENNE POSITION
This is sometimes known as "Skating Position or Cuddle Position.
- The lady is at the man's right left side both facing in the same
direction. Man has one arm across the back of his partner while the
right holds the left arm of the lady.

6.CLOSED POSITION
Also called "Waltz Position", Partners face each other, man's left,
lady's right hands clasped. His right hand is place behind her waist; her
left hand rests lightly on his right shoulder

7.BUTTERFLY POSITION
Partners face each other arms are held about shoulder height with
palms facing each other

8. OPEN POSITION
Man's right hand holds the lady's back of the Waist. Lady's left hand
rests on man's shoulder. Free hands are held out about shoulder height
with palms turned down. Partners are opened out to form a V.

9. PROMENADE POSITION
Often assumed in preparation for making side step Man's right hip and
the Lady's left hip are near or in contact, and the opposite sides of the
body open out to form "V". Lady's right hand and Man's left hand at
clasped.

10. SWING OUT POSITION OR FLIRTATION POSITION

Partners face each other. Man's left hand holds lady's right hand with
his left, freehand in first position
 11. CONVERSATION POSITION
Partners are side-by- side. The Lady's left-hand rests on the man's right
shoulder. His right hand is at lady's waist. Man's left hand and lady's
right are not clasping

13. SHOULDER WAIST POSITION

Partners face each other. Girl places hands on man's shoulder and man
places his hands on partner's waist

14. STAR POSITION

Partners face each other and stand with their right shoulder facing each
other. Both join right to right hands bent at the elbows.

15.WRAP POSITION
It has the same position as the varsovienne except that the right arm of
the man is behind the lady's waist holding her left hand and his left
hand holds the woman's right hand in front.

Note:

Examination Content

1. Multiple Choice 15 items 30 points

2. Modified True or False 10 items 20 points
3. Identification 10 items 20 points
4. Matching Type 10 items 20 points
5. Short Essay 2 items 10 points
Total 100 points