NAME ______________________________ DATE ________________PER _______________

FORMAT OF TEST: EVOLUTION TEST REVIEW SHEET What to Study:

 39 M/C  Ch 10 & 11 Notes
 6 Matching  Ch 10 & 11 SG’s
CHAPTER
6 Short Answer
10 QUESTIONS  This review sheet
50 POINTS TOTAL
1. The process by which species change over Evolution
time
2. Scientist who stated that individuals could LAMARCK
acquire traits during their lifetime and then
pass these on to their offspring
3. Was #2 above correct in his thoughts about NO – ONLY GENETIC CHANGES CAN BE
acquired characteristics being passed on? PASSED ON TO ONE’S OFFSPRING
Why or why not?
4. Who was the first to explain the mechanism Charles Darwin
by which evolution could occur
5. How is artificial selection different from Artificial = humans selecting for
natural selection? favorable traits
Natural = environment selecting for
favorable traits
6. Give two examples of artificial selection Fancy pigeons, cat & dog breeds,
modern corn
7. Why did the finches and tortoises that They adapted to the food sources
Darwin study on the Galapagos have available on each island
different features (beaks & shells/necks)?
8. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for NATURAL SELECTION
evolution
9. A beneficial trait that makes an organism ADAPTATION
more successful in its environment
10. The process by which those organisms who NATURAL SELECTION
are better adapted to their environment
survive and reproduce more than those who
are not as well adapted
11. Why must organisms compete for BECAUSE THEY ARE LIMITED
resources?
12. The four main points of Darwin’s theory of OVERPRODUCTION – more offspring are
natural selection. produced than survive
VARIATION – individuals are different
within a population
ADAPTATION - organisms with
beneficial traits are more likely to
survive
DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION – over
time, natural selection results in
organisms that can survive and
reproduce better in that environment
thus passing on those beneficial genes to
the next generation
 13. A single organism’s genetic contribution to FITNESS
the next generation (its ability to survive
longer and reproduce more)
14. Traces of organisms that existed in the past Fossils
15. Fossils helped Darwin decide the earth was Older
much _________ than people originally
thought.
16. The study of where organisms live on the Biogeography
planet
17. What do the early embryo stages tell us Similar features in early stages of
about vertebrates? development show evidence of a
common ancestor
18. Anatomical features that are similar in HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
structure, but may be different in function.
(Your arm and your cat’s front leg)
19. What do #18 provide evidence of? A COMMON ANCESTOR
20. Structures that have same function but ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
evolved independently with a different
design (ex/bird wing & insect wing)
21. A structure that seem to serve no useful VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES
function but resemble structures that have
functional roles in other organisms
(appendix, hind leg bones in snakes &
whales)
22. The fact that different species can have COMMON ANCESTOR
similar macromolecules (proteins, DNA
sequences) proves that they have
descended from a ______ ________
23. When comparing macromolecules (like THE MORE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE
protein sequences or DNA) what is the rule SEQUENCES OF THE MOLECULES MEANS
for evolutionary relationships? THE MORE CLOSELY RELATED THE
SPECIES ARE (SHARE A MORE RECENT
COMMON ANCESTOR)
CHAPTER 11 QUESTIONS
24. What are the two sources of genetic MUTATIONS
variation in a population? RECOMBINATION

25. All of the alleles of a population of species GENE POOL

26. How common an allele is in #25 Allele frequency
27. Change in the genetic material of a cell MUTATION
28. If natural selection is favoring certain alleles THEY CHANGE (favorable will increase,
over others, what happens to the allele the unfavorable will decrease)
frequencies in the gene pool?
29. Observable change in allele frequencies over microevolution
time
30. You are looking for a graph that illustrates a A bell curve
normal distribution – what does it look like?
31. What kind of selection results when those DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
at either end of bell curve have better fitness
than those in middle? Draw a picture

32. What kind of selection results when those at STABILIZING SELECTION

center of curve are better fit for their
environment? Draw a picture

33. What kind of selection results when those at DIRECTIONAL SELECTION

one end of curve have higher fitness than
those at other end? Draw a picture

34. Genes moving between populations Gene flow

35. When an individual moves out of a emigration
population
36. When an individual moves into a population immigration
37. Which of #35 or #36 is better for variation in Immigration b/c it can bring new
a gene pool? Why? variations into the population
38. The phenomenon that occurs when an allele GENETIC DRIFT
becomes more or less common b/c of
chance
39. What kinds of populations are affected more SMALL ONES
by genetic drift?
40. What reduction of population size occurs FOUNDER EFFECT
 when a few individuals colonize a new area?
41. What is the term given to a reduction in Bottleneck effect
population size due to some event (fire,
flood, overhunting) that kills off large
numbers of the population
42. How is the resulting population created by Both involve a reduction in the variety of
both #40 & #42 different from the original the genes in the gene pool
population
43. What type of selection occurs as a result of Sexual selection
certain traits increase mating success?
44. What are 5 factors that can lead to Natural selection
evolution? Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Sexual selection
45. The rise of two or more new species from speciation
one original species
46. In order for speciation to occur, this must REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
happen between two populations
47. Separation of a population by a river GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION
48. The elimination of a species from Earth extinction
49. Process by which descendants of a single DIVERGENT EVOLUTION or ADAPTIVE
ancestor diversify into different species that RADIATION
each fit different parts of the environment.
50. Similarities that arise between organisms CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
who have different ancestors are examples
of this type of evolution.
51. Over millions of years, pollinators have COEVOLUTION
changed in response to changes in the plants
they pollinate. This is an example of what?
52. Pattern of speciation that occurs at a gradualism
predictable, regular rate