sanskrit grammar and grids

by
soosoo_ver.2009_1105
 by
soosoo

stems paradigms
Vowel

stems in "a/ā" kānta () stems in "ṛ" kartṛ / pitṛ / svasṛ / mātṛ

M N F mas fem

N kāntaḥ kāntā kartā pitā savsā mātā

A kāntam kāntām kartāram pitaram svasāram mātaram

I kāntena kāntayā kartrā putrā svasrā mātrā

D kāntāya kāntāyai kartre pitre svasre mātre

Sg
Ab kāntāt
kāntāyāḥ kartuḥ pituḥ svasuḥ mātuḥ
G kāntasya

L kānte kāntāyām kartari pitari svasari mātari

V kānta kānte kartar pitar svasar mātar

N.V.A kāntau kānte kartārau pitarau svasārau mātarau

I.D.Ab kātābhyām Du kartṛbhyām pitṛbhyām svasṛbhyām mātṛbhyām

G.L kāntayoḥ kartroḥ pitroḥ svasroḥ mātroḥ

N.V kāntāḥ kartāraḥ pitaraḥ svasāraḥ mātaraḥ

kāntāni kāntāḥ
A kāntān kartṛn pitṛn svasṛḥ mātṛḥ

I kāntaiḥ kāntābhiḥ kartṛbhiḥ pitṛbhiḥ svasṛbhiḥ matṛbhiḥ

Pl
D.Ab kāntebhyaḥ kāntābhyaḥ kartṛbhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ svasṛbhyaḥ mātṛbhyaḥ

G kāntānām kartṛṇām pitṛṇām svasṛṇām mātṛṇām

L kānteṣu kāntāsu kartṛṣu pitṛṣu svasṛṣu mātṛṣu

i/u śuci / mṛdu ī/ū nadī/vadhū/strī (F)

M N F polysyllabic( 多音) Irregular Monosyllabic

N śuciḥ / mṛduḥ śuciḥ / mṛduḥ nadī vadhūḥ stri dhīḥ bhūḥ

śuci / mṛdu
A śucim / mṛdum śucim / mṛdum nadīm vadhūm strim/striyam dhiyam bhuvam

I śucinā / mṛdunā śucyā / mṛdvā nadyā vadhvā striyā dhiyā bhuvā

D śucaye / mṛdave śucine / mṛdune śucyai / mṛdvai Sg nadyai vadhvai striyai dhiye bhuve

Ab. G śuceḥ / mṛdoḥ śucinaḥ / mṛdunaḥ śucyāḥ / mṛdvāḥ nadyāḥ vadhvaḥ striyāḥ dhiyaḥ bhuvaḥ

L śucau / mṛdau śucini / mṛduni śucyām / mṛdvām nadyām vadhvām striyām dhiyi bhuvi

V śuce / mṛdo śuci / mṛdu śuce / mṛdo nadi vadhu stri dhīḥ bhūḥ

N.V.A śucī / mṛdū śucinī / mṛdunī śucī / mṛdū nadyau vadhvau striyau dhiyau bhuvau

I.A.Ab śucibhyām / mṛdubhyām Du nadībhyām vadhūbhyām strībhyām dhībhyām bhūbhyām

G.L śucyoḥ / mṛdvoḥ śucinoḥ / mṛdnoḥ śucyoḥ / mṛdvoḥ nadyoḥ vadhvoḥ striyoḥ dhiyoḥ bhuvoḥ

N.V śucayaḥ śucayaḥ nadyaḥ vadhvaḥ striyaḥ

śucīni dhiyaḥ bhuvaḥ
A śucīn śucīḥ nadīḥ vadhūḥ strīḥ/striyaḥ
I śucibhiḥ / mṛdubhiḥ nadībhiḥ vadhūbhiḥ strībhiḥ dhībhiḥ bhūbhiḥ
D.Ab śucibhyaḥ / mṛdubhyaḥ Pl nadībhyaḥ vadhūbhyaḥ strībhyaḥ dhībhyaḥ bhūbhyaḥ

G śucīnām / mṛdūnām nadīnām vadhūnām strīnām dhibhyām bhuvām

L śuciṣu / mṛduṣu nadīṣu vadhūṣu striṣu dhīṣu bhūṣu

 stems in "ant/at" stems in "an"

dhanavant ‘rich’ nayant ‘leading’ dadhat ‘putting’ rājan ātman nāman panthan ahan
masc. neut. masc. neut. masc. neut. ‘king’ ‘self’ ‘name’ (irr.) (irr.)
dhanavān nayan dadhat N rājā ātmā nāma panthāḥ ahar
dhanavat nayat
dhanavantam nayantam dadhatam A rājānam ātmānam nāma panthānam ahar

dhanavatā nayatā dadhatā I rājñā ātmanā nāmnā pathā ahnā

dhanavate nayate dadhate sg D rājñe ātmane nāmne pathe ahne

dhanavataḥ nayataḥ dadhataḥ Ab. G rājñaḥ ātmanaḥ nāmnaḥ pathaḥ ahnaḥ

dhanavati nayati dadhati L rājñi/rājani ātmani nāmni/nāmani pathi ahni/ahani

dhanavan dhanavat nayan nayat dadhat V rājan ātman nāma/nāman panthāḥ ahar

dhanavantau dhanavatī nayantau nayantī dadhatau dadhatī N.V.A. rājānau ātmānau nāmnī/nāmanī panthānau ahnī/ahanī

dhanavadbhyām nayadbhyām dadhadbhyām du I.D.Ab. rājabhyām ātmabhyām nāmabhyām pathibhyām ahobhyām

dhanavatoḥ nayatoḥ dadhatoḥ G.L. rājñoḥ ātmanoḥ nāmnoḥ pathoḥ ahnoḥ

dhanavantaḥ nayantaḥ N. V rājānaḥ ātmānaḥ nāmāni panthānaḥ ahāni

dhanavanti nayanti dadhataḥ dadhanti
dhanavataḥ nayataḥ A. rājñaḥ ātmanaḥ nāmāni pathaḥ ahāni

dhanavadbhiḥ nayadbhiḥ dadhadbhiḥ I. rājabhiḥ ātmabhiḥ nāmabhiḥ pathibhiḥ ahobhiḥ

pl
dhanavadbhyaḥ nayadbhyaḥ dadhadbhyaḥ D.Ab rājabhyaḥ ātmabhyaḥ nāmabhyaḥ pathibhyaḥ ahobhyaḥ

dhanavatām nayatām dadhatām G rājñām ātmanām nāmnām pathām ahnām

dhanavatsu nayatsu dadhatsu L rājasu ātmasu nāmasu pathiṣu ahaḥsu ?

prefix
ati cross
adhi above, over on
anu after, following
apa away, off
api on close on
abhi to, against
ava down, away off
as (be) paras. ās (sit, stay) Ā aa back return to fully
Ā paras. ud up, up out
Pres. Imperf. Imperat. Pres. Imperf. Imperat.
upa towards near suvordinate
1 āse āsi āsai asmi āsam asāni
dus ill bad difficult hard
2 āsse āsthāḥ āssva sg asi āsīḥ edhi
ni down into
3 āste āsta āstām asti āsīt astu
nis out from / forth without entirely
1 āsvahe āsvahi āsāvahai svaḥ āsva asāva
paraa away forth along off
2 āsāthe āsāthām āsāthām du sthaḥ āstam stam
pari around about
3 āstāte āsātām āsātām staḥ āstām stām
pra forward onward forth
1 āsmahe āsmahi āsāmahai smaḥ āsma asāma
prati back to in reverse direction
2 āddhve āddhvam āddhvam pl stha āsta sta
vi apart away out
3 āsate āsata āsatām santi āsan santu
sam together
good well very good right easy
 by
soosoo

stems paradigms
SANDHI

k ṭ t p ṅ n m ḥ/r āḥ aḥ

k ṭ t p ṅ n ṁ ḥ āḥ aḥ k/kh

g ḍ d b ṅ n ṁ r ā o g/gh

k ṭ c p ṅ ṁś ṁ ś āś aś c/ch

g ḍ j b ṅ ñ ṁ r ā o j/jh

k ṭ ṭ p ṅ ṁṣ ṁ ṣ āṣ aṣ ṭ/ṭh

g ḍ ḍ b ṅ ṇ ṁ r ā o ḍ/ḍh

k ṭ t p ṅ ṁs ṁ s ās as t/th

g ḍ d b ṅ n ṁ r ā o d/dh

k ṭ t p ṅ n ṁ ḥ āḥ aḥ p/ph

g ḍ d b ṅ n ṁ r ā o b/bh

ṅ ṇ n m ṅ n ṁ r ā o n/m

g ḍ d b ṅ n ṁ r ā o y/v

g ḍ d b ṅ n ṁ zero ā o r

g ḍ l b ṅ l̐ ṁ r ā o l

k ṭ c(ch) p ṅ ñ(ś/ch) ṁ ḥ āḥ aḥ ś

k ṭ t p ṅ n ṁ ḥ āḥ aḥ ṣ/s

g(gh) ḍ(ḍh) d(dh) b(bh) ṅ n ṁ r ā o h

g ḍ d b ṅ/ṅṅ n/nn m r ā a vowel

k ṭ t p ṅ n m ḥ āḥ aḥ zero

a/ā i/ī u/ū ṛ e ai o au

ā ya va ra e ā a o āva a

ā yā vā rā a ā ā ā a ā āvā ā

e ī vi/vī ri/rī a i/ī ā i/ī a i/ī āvi/āvī i/ī

o yū ū ru/rū a u/ū a u/ū a u/ū āvu/āvū u/ū

ar yṛ vṛ ṝ a ṛ ā ṛ a ṛ āvṛ ṛ

ai ye ve re a e ā e a e āve e

ai yai vai rai a ai ā ai a ai āvai ai

au yo vo ro a o a o a o āvo o

au yau vau rau a au ā au a au āvau au

 Participle
pres.p. -ant, -at / -[a]mān(ṇ)a 상황. ‘~하면서’ / 행위의 원인 ‘~함으로써’

Fut.p. āṇa ~하고 있을, ~해지고 있을

Fut.p.p.( 義務) R+[i]tavya, an(ṇ)īya, ya ~되어져야 할

p.p.p. -[i]ta, n(ṇ)a

p.a.p. ppp+vat, +vant
perf.p. -[i]vas
절대분사. gerund, absolut -[i]tvā, [t]ya, am ~하고, ~한 다음에, 조건, 양보, 이유

Perfect paradigms parasmaipada

dṛś ‘see’ kṛ ‘do’ vac ‘speak’ pac ‘cook’ dhā ‘put’
1st dadarśa cakara/cakāra uvaca/uvāca papaca/papāca dadhau

sg 2nd dadarśitha cakartha uvaktha/uvacitha papaktha/pecitha dadhātha/dadhitha

3rd dadarśa cakāra uvāca papāca dadhau

1st dadṛśiva cakṛva ūciva peciva dadhiva

du 2nd dadṛśathuḥ cakrathuḥ ūcathuḥ pecathuḥ dadhathuḥ

3rd dadṛśatuḥ cakratuḥ ūcatuḥ pecatuḥ dadhatuḥ

1st dadṛśima cakṛma ūcima pecima dadhima

pl 2nd dadṛśa cakra ūca peca dadha

3rd dadṛśuḥ cakruḥ ūcuḥ pecuḥ dadhuḥ

part. dadṛśivāṃs cakṛvāṃs ūcivāṃs pecivāṃs dadhivāṃs

Perfect paradigms middle

1st dadarśe cakre ūce pece dadhe

sg 2nd dadarśiṣe cakṛṣe ūciṣe peciṣe dadhiṣe

3rd dadṛśe cakre ūce pece dadhe

1st dadṛśivahe cakṛvahe ūcivahe pecivahe dadhivahe

du 2nd dadṛśāthe cakrāthe ūcāthe pecāthe dadhāthe

3rd dadṛśate cakrāte ūcāte pecāte dadhāte

1st dadṛśimahe cakṛmahe ūcimahe pecimahe dadhimahe

pl 2nd dadṛśidhve cakṛdhve ūcidhve pecidhve dadhidhve

3rd dadṛśire cakrire ūcire pecire dadhire

part. dadrśāna cakrāṇa ūcāna pecāna dadhāna

 interrogative pref. introd 318.

ati cross
kim-artham for what purpose, why?
adhi above, over on
kim 어떻게, ~가?
anu after, following
katara 둘 가운데 어느 것
apa away, off
katama 다수 가운데 어느 것
api on close on
kva / kutra where / [to] where
abhi to, against
from where ? / for what reason?
kutaḥ ava down, away off
whence, why, since when
kadā / karhi when? ā back return to fully

katham why / how / in what way ud up, up out

kīdṛśa of what kind? upa towards near suvordinate

kiyant how much? dus ill bad difficult hard

kiyacciram / ni down into

for how long ?
kiyantaṁ kālam
nis out from / forth without entirely
kascit someone
parā away forth along off

iha here pari around about

aho oh pra forward onward forth

ittham thus,so prati back to in reverse direction
tat so, then
vi apart away out
tarhi in that case
sam together
nanu surely
prati to, towards, with regard to good well very good right easy

cardinal ordinal fe.

eka prathama mā
dvi dvitīya
yā
tri tṛtīya

catur caturtha thī(yā)

turīya
pañca pañcama mī
ṣaṣ ṣaṣṭha hī

interrogative sapta saptama

aṣṭa aṣṭama
kah who mī
nava navama
daśa daśama
 Harvard‒Kyoto
soosoo

vowels

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ ऋ ॠ ऌ ॡ अं अः
a A i I u U e ai o au R RR lR lRR M H

consonants

Velar
क ख ग घ ङ
k kh g gh G

Palatal
च छ ज झ ञ
c ch j jh J

Retroflex
ट ठ ड ढ ण
T Th D Dh N

Dental
त थ द ध न
t th d dh n

Labial
प फ ब भ म
p ph b bh m

Semi-vowel
य र ल व
y r l v

Fricative
श ष स ह
z S s h
place of articulation → kaṇṭhaja tāluja muḍḍhaja dantaja oṭṭhaja
cerebral,
manner of articulation ↓ guttural palatal
retroflex
dental labial

aghosa sithila k c ṃ t p
voiceless unaspirated

aghosa dhanita kh ch ṭh th ph
voiceless aspirated

ghosavat sithila g j ḍ d b
voiced unaspirated

ghosavat dhanita gh jh ḍh dh bh
voiced aspirated

nāsikā ṅ ñ ṇ n m
nasal

antaṭṭha y r, ḷ [ḷh] l v
semivowl

hakāra/sakāra h [ś] [ṣ] s

spirant/sibilant

sara [ṛ]
corresponding vowels