EXPERIMENT-17

➢ AIM: To detect the acidic and basic radical in the given compound.

➢ APPARATUS REQUIRED: Test-tube, test-tube stand, nitric acid, ammonium molybdate,

ammonium chloride, magnesium sulphate, dil. HCl, nessler’s reagent.
➢ PROCEDURE:
 TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS -

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

To the salt add dil. H2SO4. No observation. CO32- is absent.
To the salt add conc. H2SO4. No observation. CH3COO-, Cl-, C2O42- are
absent.
Ammonium molybdate test- Yellow colour ppt. Phosphate is confirmed.
To the given salt add water,
concentrated HNO3,
ammonium molybdate and
heat.
Magnesia mixture test- A white ppt. Is formed. Phosphate is confirmed.
To a portion of water extract
add salt + NH4Cl + heat and
cool in excess of NH4OH and
scratch the side of test tube.

 TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL -

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Take solid salt and add Evolution of ammonia gas NH4+ may be present.
concentrated solution of which has a characteristic
NaOH. ammoniacal smell.

Confirmatory Test-
Bring a glass rod dipped in White fumes are observed. NH4+ is confirmed.
HCl near the mouth of the test
tube. Brown precipitate is observed. NH4+ is confirmed.
Pass the gas with nessler’s
reagent.
➢ RESULT:
Acidic Radical -Phosphate (PO43-)
Basic Radical - Ammonium (NH4+)

➢ PRECAUTIONS:
1. Handle reagents carefully.
2. Wash test tube after chemical reaction.
3. Do not use broken glassware.

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➢ CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
Phosphate (PO43-)
Ammonium Molybdate Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)

K3PO4 + 3(NH4)2 MoO4 → 2(NH4)3PO4 + 3K2MoO4

Amm. Molybdate Pot. molybdate
K2MoO4 + 2HNO3 → H2MoO4 + 2KNO3
Molybdic acid
H2MoO4 → MoO3 + H2O
(NH4)3PO4 + 12MoO3 +6H2O → (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3.6H2O↓
Amm. Phosphate molybdate
(Yellow ppt)

Magnesia Mixture Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)

Na2HPO4 + MgCl2 + NH4OH ⟶ Mg (NH4) PO4↓ + 2NaCl + H2O
Disodium Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Hydrogen Phosphate (white ppt.)
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Group Zero Analysis
Ammonium (NH4+): (write the following reaction with pencil)
∆
NH4Cl +NaOH → NaCl + H2O + NH3↑

NH3 + HCl ⟶ NH4Cl

(White fumes)
Nessler’s Reagent Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)

2K2 [HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH ⟶ H2N.HgO.HgI↓ + 7KI + 2H2O

(Nessler’s Reagent) (Brown Precipitate)