EXPERIMENT-16

➢ AIM: To detect the acidic and basic radical in the given compound.

➢ APPARATUS REQUIRED: Test-tube, test-tube stand, nessler’s reagent, dilute

HNO3, manganese dioxide, concentrated H2SO4.
➢ PROCEDURE:
 TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS -

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

To the salt add dil. H SO . 2 4 No Reaction. CO32- is absent.
To the salt add conc. H SO . 2 4 Colourless gas with Cl may be present.
-

pungent.
Confirmatory Test -
Silver Nitrate Test: Cl- is confirmed.
Acidify a portion of aqueous A white precipitate is
solution with dil. HNO boil 3
formed.
for some time cool and add
AgNO solution.
3

Manganese Dioxide Test:

Heat a pinch of salt with a Evolution of greenish Cl- is confirmed.
small quantity of MnO and 2 yellow gas having a
Concentrated H SO . 2 4 pungent smell.
Chromyl Chloride Test:
Mix a small quantity of salt A yellow precipitate is Cl- is confirmed.
with a small amount of formed.
powdered K Cr O . Take it in
2 2 7

a test tube and add

conc.H SO . Heat the test
2 4

tube and pass the red vapours

evolved into the gas detector
containing NaOH solution.
To the yellow solution thus
obtained add dilute acetic
acid and lead acetate
solution.
 TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL -

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Take solid salt and add
concentrated solution of
NaOH.
Confirmatory Test-
Bring a glass rod dipped in
HCl near the mouth of the
test tube.
Pass the gas with nessler’s
reagent.
Evolution of ammonia NH4+ may be present.
gas which has a
characteristic
ammoniacal smell.
White fumes are NH4+ is confirmed.
observed.
NH4+ is confirmed.
Brown precipitate is
observed.

➢ RESULT:
Acidic Radical -Chloride (Cl )-

Basic Radical - Ammonium (NH ) 4

+

➢ PRECAUTIONS:
1. Handle reagents carefully.
2. Wash test tube after chemical reaction.
3. Do not use broken glassware.
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➢ CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
• Silver Nitrate Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)
 NaCl + AgNO3 ⟶ AgCl↓ +NaNO3
(White ppt.)
 AgCl + 2NH4OH ⟶ [Ag (NH3)2] Cl +2H2O
(Soluble complex)

• Manganese Dioxide Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)

• 2NaCl + MNO2 + 3H2SO4 ⟶ 2NaHSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2 ↑

• Chromyl Chloride Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)

 4NaCl + K2Cr2O7 + 6H2SO4 ⟶ 4NaHSO4 + 2K5O4 + 2CrO2Cl2 + 3H2O
(Chromyl chloride)
 CrO2Cl2 + 4NaOH ⟶Na2CrO4 + 2H2O + 2NaCl
(Sodium chromate)
 Na2CrO4 + (CH3COO)2Pb ⟶ PbCrO4↓ + 2CH3COONa
Lead chromate
(Yellow ppt.)

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• Reactions Involved in Zero Group Analysis: (write the following reaction with
pencil)
∆
 NH4Cl + NaOH → NaCl + N2O + NH3↑

 NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl

(White fumes)
• Nessler’s Reagent: (write the following reaction with pencil)
2K2 [HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH ⟶ H2N.HgO.HgI↓ + 7KI + 2H2O
(Brown Precipitate)