SOR crest H Recah 9 Rec eaETT Sea Rule fatacra eepryR At st (*) wat aie Fat BNE | Noun Rule: 01 3. Tam in the process of collecting material for my story. The underlined word is a/an— Fe] (#) Verb (*) Adjective (0) Adverb (9) Noun bere ‘wrot : ‘Material’ +8 noun = adjecti 9 ce] Noun ROA HAS ACHE! POI He BH Hee He ee He eee Wee ee ee ee ee > 0 Noun oat &y Prefix— co, sub, auto, anti, mis etc, @- co-founder, BB a wey, eels Fe cer material (BAK AB ct professor (complement) * Verb a8 object fone aaas| ‘BH Thelped (v) Taqwa (object). > Preposition % object Ferra] The poor are not always happy. =1¢e7 Adjective Poor’ «4 The’ «re ‘Poor’ noun re | Determiners 77S noun <7 | subdivision, autobiography, anticlimax, misdeed etc. 0 Gerund (verb +ing=Noun) xz [Function <#amicrs al wT (Roce noun + verb ewes | > Verb ux subject Rera=TTE| [ee noun Reet sty at BE | aOR — ‘ei Nahid (oub) is (v) sleeping| | Please stop reading (gerund). row 0 Adjective, noun fore age erat > Verb 3 complement fer] | adjective ‘are The’ wr aR — sree) Hasan is (9) al Noun tata Catt $po$teeet WIE BT spoke to gre— Some boys are coming here. (preposition) Raima (obj. ‘rg fox phrase, noun «# wet waz | > Possessive case ot tex wT = | 68 For good, in general, in short, Kamal hates Apoma for her \ at present, in black and white. {alkativeness Yeisinictetctctctc inicio te iidny ist torte ey tote oe ‘ommon Noun Rule : 02 8, What kind of noun is ‘river"? ise (@) Material (®) Collective (*) Proper (Common Bea: core Noun wat auf at aaq anpa/aterast ATH cataihr ST common noun FT| GT boy, girl, river, ocean, cricketer, man, city ete. Common Noun a7 fg Beret man (77), woman (Bete), country (G74), city (AF), boy (arr), girl (aff), harbor (corer), doctor (C7), pupils (Bar), bank, human, waiter (cer w crcarars frome), word, child (Fe), Children (Geese) hand, Pirate (sr), family, College (wefrnrrs), student, firefighter, river (74), mouth, sailors (=f), Island (#*), FighterRao acme # Recae H 2H Recafee eargept seafF Rule (ere, flower (Ze), player (KATH), dancer, ship, robber, cow, bee, book, people, elephant, chair, teacher, soldier orf oe. What kind of noun is "Girl"? js7@%y (#) Collective (%) Proper (s) Material (Common Bet: 7 Rule : 03 08. ‘A herd of cattle is passing,” The underlined word is a/an- jsses 7) (#) adverb (@) adjective (*) collective noun (*) abstract noun 8:1 ‘ora: Noun erga af <1 care oHeICN a fH wIcNs Tae crATH ice collective noun - cama cx far ear ste er ore eric cenoun wet coy awa a aH, Few sa et ATT (wwe eat a eT Bee ATS ATE AT), af (Fe fet eta eg eam ue Ge ATH) Sa AM wes material noun AT!Saeres era # Racal © 4 Recafae carpet 328% Rule go ela Ba aT wa eteTE Gold (PHT) | 7eER CAT (Gold) «eB material noun @= Soret ob. The ring is made of gold. =tcer ‘gold’ "i cera erate noun? (anti formcan nee re go0e) ‘=. Common noun . Collective noun “”, Material noun '%, Abstract noun Bent es =e ene MB or a “eM aw Cx for aT Hw MN Te UE Berm material noun er | waBre eH Kame Ring Tels war wT Gold Far EM Gold <7 Material noun i Saree | do, Rafan prefers coffee to tea. ates ‘coffee’ =¥8 cen eters noun? *. Material noun =. Common noun +7. Collective noun 1. Abstract noun tere ante fag Saree ares Sa Silver (#t), iron (#1), cotton (zr), diamond (@-), milk (4), paint (%), rubber (71), paper (rie, stool (2m), wood (#13), sand (if), mutton (Kre/coRie Hk), sugar (BA), oil (Cem) ct. Abstract Noun Rule- 05 8. Fraility the name is women. Here “Fraility” is~ (#) A noun (2) An adjective (*) An adverb (A verb tone ‘or0t: Fraility 7 corer word stat ae ati ooe 8 Frality at x Frailty ze 46 xo Noun, wt ef SHRI, AT noun ef aT EAT, CHT SST AT AE (CH EMTS MTT BUG HS I TER OT, ef CTH) OTT abstract noun 37 | Go : Honesty, goodness, love, kindness, beauty, faility, youth ete. efor > OA, of, SRA CATE | > cote ore reat | > sehen arecn Sons wate eT ‘acon Gateerocera Rice Beene fs Ye — Kindness (Sve) | Honesty (Wee) | Ability (m4) ‘Arrangement (Sar) Attitude (wipe) Boyhood (rei) | Childhood x=") | Bravery @ayPTePrrsr) Forgiveness (a) | Esteem =) Depth (rei) Chairmanship (rer) Goodwill Gr) | Happiness (=) | Height (@e7) Hope (Sf) Integrity Gre) | Joy (Sir#) Length (re) Knowledge (7) Love (SRF) Memory CW) ‘Nature (¥5) Obligation (arene) Obscurity (rete) _| Proficiency (rere) | Purpose (Sor) | Quality (#4) Result (=r) Service (=) Scholarship @f=)___| Requirement (@zai@*) Strength (=f) Victory (&#) Fatherhood Urgency (seireniee) ‘Youth (#55) Zenith (ee, Zest (8) “Truth (rer, Pee) Sadness (aiel oe) | Agency Bankruptey Understanding (caeate)‘Rapes cre # Recate 8 4 Recta eargept 328% Rule = Abstract noun tert Subject <1 Verb singular er cum Honesty is the eRe best policy ange ||" Abstract noun Pronoun ‘It’ 1 axe Success means achieving} something, It applies to a lucky person. Compound noun Rafer eter a noun a ace STFA noun x 7ATNT eet adjective sa noun sx TVET ‘et gerund 4 ae noun a PU cx Cla eA AE compound noun. FI— Noun + Noun— Bedroom, water tank, motoreyele, printer cartridge. ‘Adjective + Noun— Software, green house, redhead, hotplate, Sweetheart Gerund + Noun— Washing machine, driving license, Closing time, running shoes, ‘Adjective + Verb— Dry-cleaning, public speaking, Noun + Gerund— Sightsceing. taxi-driving. | Noun + Verb— Rainfall, train-spottin ‘Adverb + Noun— Onlooker. bystander. ‘Adverb + Verb— Output, overthrow, input Verb +Noun— Bathroom, playboy, search engine, postman, rest house, eall git Verb + Adverb— Lookout, drawback, take-off__| Noun + Adverb— Hanger on, Passer by Countable & Uncountable Noun srsara fer noun te Se Mt Sat wT | zt Countable noun & Uncountable noun. Countable noun noun GIGS SAT at AH, CHTATES ZT BE Countable noun, ¥— Pencil, Chair, Cow ete. Countable noun ‘singular’ 4% “plural” Swe Re eH | Uncountable noun noun Sec se eat AE mT, CPE noun Ge amt ew Uncountable noun | Uncountable noun arye arin Singular feorce ares ) will Xo take i, much “time Bernt ONT : RATAN Determiners | RAT a aA Reet wa ae 7x Detomminers TORE quantifier nm @) much 2 time «a *ffam For oe eer ‘much’ 4¥f aat HACE offre GARTAT ROR BH 8 #8 Determiner. TI Some, Any, No All, Both, Half Each, Every, Either, Nether ‘One, Two, Three, Four, Omer ‘What, Whatever, Which, Whichever 8, Identify the determiner in the following sentence : Thave no news for you" f= =] (® have (0 news (i n0 (© for beet RU: G1 ASA AF noun/pronoun a FART, ART, eT aT Ms FoF ea RAT Determiner 011 wt : Some, any, no #gf% | No VS. Net No (Adjective) Not (Adverb) No + Noun (Singular/PIural) Not + Adjectivelverb [ef No %#B adjective eeu, erm Noun | [Not *#® adverb Rew, & ajective/verb cw ‘<01| tt Noun & Singular/Plural Sse ei] | modify #1] Thave no book in my bag. Thave not any jai book in my bag, ‘There are no books in my bag. Ido not want «) any bookRapes crea 4 Becate # & # Recatom ear e918 Rule Countable/Uncountable determiners e (fox fog Determiner =e crezat Countable! ( ‘Gat countable noun sa Ate ES A | | °F uncountable noun “ 71c4 | @art : Much, ‘er: Either, Many, Few, A, An, \ ‘ssf uncountable determiner | i little, less, least ete, as JX © fg FR determiner Se CeeT countable RK uncountable SSX FT noun x AK ICS ATG | GR: Some, a lot of, number. Many, Much, A lot of. Lot’s of Rule : 08 oe. There are dangerous drivers, jose» =, aco ease ete 8x68: 9) =. avery lofof %. alot of +. very much of % very many of sare “iret: Many, Much, A lot of, Lot's of Much *#f uncountable noun st 4 #07 | era aft cates arc A lot of, plenty of @72a2 = | eR many 47 Countable Noun <# *R | fox Lots of & countable plural noun se *cé SOT) ear mem TE eR ATEN TT | Weer er ee ae eT + don’t have much spare time in these three days. + There are a lot of dangerous drivers. Few, A few, The few Few we ae acer, oi met we | cafe wwf ent wer He has few friends in Chicago. (ei Prater em arr 1 x) | Few Stel WoT 7H Very Few TR 1 > A few Somer 1 eet Thave a few friends in Bangladesh, (kerr Suey Saree wr) | eR > The few oof em cr sea/aB cree oa eERae «oat 4387 countable noun ox oe a | BT eT SareNTE cme BoA TE | Pee ies a cme Rule : 09 8. Fill inthe blank with the correct quantifier. I still have money. [228 0 (afew 9 quite a few (*) many (alittle tenn “anat : Money *#8 Non-countable Noun, 5%, money *#6% 4 Non-countable Quantifier “ie eoROTA ‘a few’, “quite a few" se ‘many’ Quantifier-27=1 Countable noun<¥ 404 .ersta ‘a little” Quantifier-8 Non-countable Noun-s3 94‘Sacer rma # Recent 5H Recafee earpept 38 Rule Little sf spear, 8 ert ver He cnfaroe eel is ex Tet There is a ltile of hope of recovery. (@i SAVGICSE Tet AR aCe BOF) | Little WH Very litle eee at WT > A little = ors fem I still have alittle money. (SIH eee FR eT SIT) — aero > The little eae omer oie sree wa eR! BE + We should use the litte time we have at our disposal to setle the dispute Ga ATARTS uncountable noun A 4 WH, Be ATT SATE CE AOE TWO A | Less, Fewer Little «t comparative degree "a Less «ee Few « Comparative degree ®t fewer. Uncountable noun «rst Less «= Countable noun s'est Fewer 3 “EAR BH SE MAT | ET > Fewer people get American Visa’s nowadays. (Stee a wr erate FS aH) | > Less traffic means fewer traffic accidents, people should use public transportation more. Each, Every <2 @2B determiner # *% singular form 1 € verb 6 singular & | few Each «4 * of noun plural @1, &¢¢ verb singular #1 | Each of the three boys gets a prize. Any, Some, No Rule- 10 3, Thave__ interest in the matter. xr) . some * any . none No dere © SER mee AEC GRITS some TARE BM) eee ATES Gt CEE ATT GET Some TCT! cr=r—I need some money. (SI fex Br eras) | Ihave some new books at home. © Any ‘tora wot wares aERF Singular countable noun “KX Any AH A AT ICHAT “ Reals cary 091 Rule Basis (@@) | Bases Foot Feet Locus Loci Criterion Criteria Formula | Formulae‘formuas | Lordsustice _| Lords-justice Louse Lice ‘Norman. Normans | Syllabus | Syllabi Leaf Leaves Oasis (ram) | Oases Step brother_| Step brothers Loaf Loaves Ox ‘Oxen Thesis Theses Medium Media Passer-by | Passers-by | Terminus | Termini ‘Memorandum | Memoranda | Phenomenon | Phenomena | Tooth Teeth Maid-servant | Maid-servants | Parenthesis | Parentheses | Ultimatum | Ultimata Man-servant | Man-servants | Referendum | Referenda | Vertex Vertices Mussalaman | Mussaimans | Radius Radi Whart Wharts! Matriarch Matriarchs | Sheep ‘Sheep Wharves Knife Knives ‘Seraph Seraphim’ [Fungus | Fungi Bureau Bureaux Seraph >. Which of the following words is in singular form? (eve s ore9/@s) =. formulae +t agenda *t. oases ‘radius Bay 8, What is the plural form of the word ‘louse’? (or) =. louses % live i. Ties licess Bart is the plural form of “it’--- fart fervor eri free 3) they 1, these 4. those tat Type: 13 eve cr Remerancw Type Fe area IEE OPEC Rule FA BRS FA LAE] Sea Rule £28 Type TM CRM aH He HR IAN A ROCK | 28, is not the only thing that tourists want to see, (s2¥ "3 (@) Scenery (*) The sceneries ( Sceneries. (®) A scenery tone “arat: mT Abstract Noun-< of Grtat Article =F =) Scenery 6 Singular and Abstract Noun. FA AN Singular Bl or fF" Noun Taformation (@%) | Fumiture (mares) | Scenery GF) Poetry (a=) Machinery (raf) | News (=) Traffic (ore) Money (7) Expenditure (@#) | Advice (ad) Baggage (=e) Research (77) Bread (#1, #41) Wildlife oer) ‘Rts Plural wre Singular B ays SR Noun Athletics (“aN | Economies (fe) [Physics (imdiean | Mathematics (=) Politics (@emf@) ‘News (8) Optics (sere) | Ethics (era) Wages (rat) Statistics (RI) | Gallows (ew) | innings Ge) Electronics (Ra°S) ‘WRC Singular Zers Plural @ aaa fx NounBape ere # Becake #20 # eafem eerpyT 1095 Rule Aristocracy (=eareea) | Clergy (ee) | Nobility (weer) | Peasantry (Pre) Government (3) | Gentry (Serre) | Cattle (Fat 78) Vermin (8 8) Porfumery Crier) | Poultry Majority (=feeRs) | Mankind (wren) People @rarmfaif=) | Police Tenantry ==") noun Ste Wa 7H Plural Bt ‘Scissors, Glasses Spectacles | Bellows fe set Pte tafe senate aa Trousers Drawers Breeches wee Cae Bowels ‘Alms: ‘Ashes Assets ‘Annals eT Fetters | Proceeds | Belongings | Tidings Singular Plural Type: 14 (qve er Remeron Type a Trem RET WeITeCTCe Rule TA ES A EY Sa Rule 94% Type Parts orem wre ae we ATARI Fat VATE | o¢. What is the plural form of ‘sheep"? ss= (®) sheeps (@) sheep (7) sheepes (@) sheepses Sen: + SM: | FOOT noun Tce WA Singular GR Plural = Deer Canon (e019) Pair (Ce) Gross (= ‘Apparatus (7a) Swine C=) Pice (771) Salmon Species (@=1f) “Troop (ate) Stone (a) Fish (re) Sheep ‘Aircraft (ae) 8, Identify the word that can be used as both singular and plural: o-=r =. wood 2. issue st fish % light Bont “uret : Fish 4 singular and plural Seu fee eee ee 1 Sey wereTECAT Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular | Plural ‘Wood ‘Woods Issue Tssues Light Lights os. Identify the word that remains same in plural form: (===> (®) deer (8) horse (6) elephant (9 tiger bene art : Deer x singular and plural Bex ferres areaw | sey eye Singular Plural Singular | Plural Singular] Plural Horse Horses Elephant | Elephants | Tiger Tigers ov. Liza had given me two: js") (#) pair of jean (+) pairs of jeans () pair of jeans (© pairs of jean ‘ent; Pair #484 Singular #3 plural number 8 1 515 two via WHC Jeans 2 ©. Identify the word which remains the same in its plural form : jo=%-1 (#) aircraft, (*) intention (i) mouse (*) Thesis tar ‘caret : Aircraft “48 singular and plural Sex ferret ayame BE 1 wT weTTETT“Ras aca OTT # Baca # 33 Hale CPE! 3028 Rule Singular Plural Singular | Plural Singular | Plural Intention Intentions | Mouse Mice Thesis ‘Theses Type: 15 xve ee Remerence ype re aoe EE OPROCATE Rule FA BES FA LAE] eee Rule ett Type rata cFcm wre ae eee ATARI FAT ROATE | 0, What is the plural number of ‘ovum’? (222%) =. ovams 4, ovumes ‘1 ovums, ova tae “oret: singular noun a ACH um ee rec Plural ara TE um a ARATE ta” AO ‘Singular Plural Agendum (for fez) | Agenda ‘Ovum (eae) ‘Ova ‘Addendum (af) | Addenda Symposium (rere 71) _| Symposia Bacterium Careaitra) | Bacteria Forum (705%) Fora/Forums Datum (S78) Data ‘Aquarium (#or sor) _| Aquaria/Aquariums Dictum Gera) | Dieta Ultimatum (a) Ultimata Erratum (oer) | Errata ‘Cranium (aH a) ‘Crania/Craniums Stratum (@) Strata’ ‘Gymnasium Game) | Gymnasia/Gymnasiums Medium (55%) Media Exordium (G5) Exordia / Exordiums ‘Memorandum Memoranda | Encomium (S%eto7) | Encomia/Encomiums (rarer) Gender Da eat Masculine Gender ‘Common Gender (Seat) — (ae) — v4 aeRAe cata | aah 9 ape Sour crane) Feminine Gender Neuter Gender (ii) — arth 6 a4 (irr) — eg ater carer HIS AT SPIT ST CHR ETO TCH TANT | Type: 16 /xve ise Remeranc@ Type ave area EH mPmReCATC Rule A BRS a1 LAE] SA Rule at Type UATa Coen wae He awe TARTS A LATE | 99. Which one of the following words is masculine? js) (@) mare (ad (9 piltow (®) pony vant Tart RH RTCA AT aT FR OMT “ew Masculine Gender te# Feminine Gender Masculine Feminine ‘Masculine Femining King (==) Queen (=) Drone (RG) | Bee (Osa) Fox (ete) Vixen (Basa) Bachelor Spinster/Maid Beau Gem ie)——[Belle Gare) | Boar (9) Sow (em) Buck (29) Doe (ef) Bridegroom (@@) Bride (#5)‘Rao ecrefomin H Recae H 38H Beatin ey 3038 Rule Dog (28) Bitch (=) Drake (*feei9) Duck (foe Horse (Ca@) Mare (ea) Monk, friar Gai) | Nun (aura) Ram (2) Ewe (8) Wizard (ais) Witch (ae) Stallion (C=) Mare (Ca), Lad (areas) | Lass 8, What is the masculine gender of ‘mare’? (ose =. Mermaid +. Bear ‘Stallion % Dog be: “ani: fag FAR CREE Masculine Gender « Femi Gonder | Pronoun & its usage Subjective Pronoun | Objective Possessive Reflexive Pronoun {Adjective | Pronoun | Pronoun r I Me. My Mine Myself Person We Us Our ‘Ours ‘Ourselves a You You ‘Your ‘Yours Yourself Person ‘You You Your Yours | Yourselves He Him His His Himself She Her Her Hers Herself They Them Their | Theirs | ‘Themselves It It Is Its Itself 30 One One One's Oneself Person Who Whom Whose Breryone, Someone, ‘Anyone, None, Everybody. Somebody - Hishher - Fi Anybody, Nobody, Each, Either. Nei Pronoun > Sr eH a TH Personal ‘es afex “faecé Gt pronoun #0, =I personal pronoun | Serers— I, We, Pronoun You. He, She, They. Note: A Possessive pronoun replaces a possessive noun & adjectives to avoid repeating information that is already clear. t=": Mine, Ours, Yours, His. Hers, Theirs. My shirt is green (Possessive Adjective): The shirt is mine (Possessive pronoun) Reflexive self «selves CHD! 74 pronoun "Be BH am e8i 6 af ae aS CAAT, OF Pronoun 7@1 pronoun t reflexive pronoun se eu) Sarexs'— Myself, Ourselves.Rapier oreo # Becake #38 # Beater eerPyT 1095 Rule Yourself, Yourselves, Herself, Himself, Themselves, Oneself, Itself. Demonstrative | or 79" pronoun noun te RCIwere AO cm =e demonstrative pronoun =| Pronoun ‘Sarexe— This, That, These, Those, It, so, much, the same ete. Relative “ pronoun GS Aa SET relation = AN HCH GAM GGT ASR NH You sent yourself another Valentine’s Day card, didn’t you? > Jack introduced himself to his girlfriend’ parents > One must get oneself insured if one intends to drive on city streets, > The choir (sr#%") practiced themselves to the point of exhaustion Reflexive pronoun #1 aT Subject rey TAS = aT! Kill, Hurt, Absent, Avail, Enjoy Introduce Zen verb se ser subject SawTH Reflexive pronoun (Myself, Ourselves, Yourself, ‘Yourselves, Herself, Himself, Themselves) 34 | 74" © He killed himself, © [shall avail myself of this opportunity bp utive pronoun 1H 7em pronoun eemdin ware ofS a THR WES ecoretS oMeEKE cara: SaTeR— Either, Each, Neither etc, Distributive pronoun 7m Singular ew 4s a Singular noun =I verb BU G- Each boy was given a prize. (@0are amare oprsta Gr =a) Each new day is different. (acer sg fr fx) Either road leads to the railway station. (sat 48s Becx® cae D*ier cic) Neither road leads to the railway station. (arer 4a cormtBE caereO+ey eral) Neither of these two women is to be trusted. (8 48 wfeens #18c#® feerr a ere aT) ‘Neither accusation is true. (S54 Scart wre), OR ae ACME AACE | FTE BHATT OTE agggag‘Rao acres # Race H 3H Reais earPANT 30388 Rule rote Da Rule: 20 Each, neither, cither 43 99 of #70 noun plural <2 verb singular @U\ < WHOTN Ecorse = A SIRT A ATT | OER © Each of the answers is correct. (@f&i® Sea ate) 1 mer scar, antes eT Moma ofATE eee SRR TR ALR | THT MLE AAO CIRTMG, AT OAT STAT MR CATA RCA | <©B% Distributive pronoun «ferry | © Neither of the girls can do that 08. Each of the sons followed __ father’s trade. |=-== (@) their (9 her (69 whose (his Bone ‘arat : “Each of the sons” 6 47 each OR oF 0S his/ her TA Fa AT CICAY son YFTITT ‘his zai Neither, either 4 FH4@st AB wa Rew fies coe SIeTHT SIeTAT es GTATCNT BT neiter, cither HRN ATA woe wea ie ‘&F Indefinite pronoun (any, no one or none) TBS BI | Rule: 21 Neither + noun/pronoun ...... + nor + noun/ pronoun s* Either + noun/ pronoun ...... + or + noun/ pronoun «ei mr that of #>r set ZB plural countable noun ss ca BAT those of Tes BH) ficou Baresi sor Frys — © The roads of Rangpur are wider than those of Dhaka. (wt #etecet wre arate OE) | © One’s finger prints are different from those of any other person. («rare fewra Sezer = srcrrsre fem fee tCe SO) | © The houses of our village are better than those of yours. (Sito sexe apecen como aewa “afgecrTs Oro A) |Saprrss errefamm # Bacay #38 # Bealem carpe 1095 Rule 09. ‘Who's that?" In this sentence “that” is a/an— jssex en) , pronoun ‘conjunction 41. adjective adverb BF 426 ORO + CL FV pronoun, noun we feceersiee Fee Se wero demonstrative pronoun *Ct ‘Bareesi— This, That, These, Those, It, 0, much, the same ete. ov. Your advice is no different from the other friends. ffs eta resi ofre—36) =. not different from *, no different from that of the “7. not different from the not different to Bor ¢ Re Rule : 23 Relative pronoun 2 =e" #0 relation wee FRU OTT) aoe AE AT wT! SATE Who, ‘Whose, Whom, Which, That, What. [FROS | : Aniecedent wae xe wee Mot ICE Relative pronoun fore who/that » [who + verb + obj ‘Noun (=f) |) (whom + sub + verb + obj whose + Noun + verb + obj © Secea Structure c= Whom x area Subject f Antecedent se mrt sem | © Boies Structure Bex Whose we ot Subject ® Antecedents 7 7" om, Who, which, what are~ (952) %. Relative %. Demonstrative 4. Reflexive 1%. Reciprocal Bee 30. Which one is correct? =f.) ~The man that said that was a foo! The man whom said that was a fool st. The man who said that was afool. __¥, The man which said wasa fool. Bem: “OMIT: FER 03 CET | 38. Which one is correct? (202% f=) “. The man who stole my bag was tall _, The man was tall who stole my bag, +1, The man stole my bag who is tall %, The man stole my bag who was tall. Sem: SMT: ER 08 TET 3. Ihave read the book __ you lent me. (ser «ss en that whom “1, whose 5 what bore SONIT: FER 03 OMT ye, Tell me that. sree} (#) whom told you (*) that told you (*) told you (®) who told you vere38. 3@, se. 34 ae Sapress era # Beate # oy # Beatem eerPyT 1097 Rule ‘ori: eee (Ae whom did you tell . ‘“Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.’ In this sentence the verb ‘arrived’ is- ese %. intransitive % transitive ‘t. causative ‘defective 3m or verb a object (#) GR Ise =m intransitive verb seh wa wt eee BT (Object) com eatery aT Verb oe SY at “oe wat erg aca AAT CHT object “em AT ATE CARE Intransitive verb ore fort 1 Atarrived? ee arrived? crm Bea ASAT AAT A blind man can’t see. Your health will break down. Matador writes well. ‘He who can’t eam can’t give. He who doesn’t want to give, donot take. | We shouldn’t hate but we sould love. The door opened automaticall. The Non-finite : Participles, Infinitives TH verb wat steam ate WO at ae oT verb 8 number, person, tense SPT afeafe ex m1, BI Non-finite verb at corer fara we cra— Shamim | CPariciple wants to read, Khairul came to invite me to a dinner.‘Rao ecmefomis H Recae H 25 # Bean cP 3038 Rule Rule: 26 Participle refers to Adjective. It functions as adjective and verb in the sentence at the same time (Paniciple om cx Adjective c# | a wo® aicer eo net adjective wee verb as #18 #54) Present Pai le 3, The word “flying” in the sentence “Look at the flying bird” is a: sxx) ( gerundial infinitive (0 participle (0 verbal noun (© gerund, tere “570T + CHIT sentence-< verb- 4 Ct form #8 70H verb «At adjective et #19 =, Ice Pasticiple Sc ssa flying #8 noun Wbird GF modify ¥xCe © B participle. 8, The prices of rice are (+361 (#) raising (9 risen (9 rising (raised Bens sarot: Rise 8H 1% cece 93, Coes wi, sm wt Past ¢ Past Participle Form *21eTx rose, risen Raise eat cerca fees sdtcat cram x Past Form ¢ Past Participle Form % raised. Rise! verb 8 Present Participle % rising TeHBCE rice-es = 4 AB seaty fem SK Continuous Process. Ss TBS ‘rise! verb-st Continuous Tense 23! am/islare 45 ct verb 3 ing form «cai SHf ing cum 2H = rising, 08. A rolling stone gathers no moss. Wha ‘olin’ is? ewan anf om ee es: 23h. gees nee es Her S088) .Gerund 3. Verbal noun 1. Adjective % Participle Bar: ¥ “are: 21 verb a Present Form + ing ram . I couldn't mend the computer myself, so I___at a shop. (01%) had itmended —%. had it mend did it mend "had mended Ber: ® “ORO GH Ie TFA ga AES causative verb %¥| Causative verb aeeay CCE Mi Causative (have, make, cause, allow, help, enable, keep, hold, let, force and require) + «+ Past Participle) | c¥e'— Abeer had his car repaired. (sea ers sf crane eat) | Thad my shirt ‘washed, Ihad it mended at a shop (sf 5 <1 ceiette Crates afecaften) | se. Being disappointed, Salam quit this job. (ert xem ear at sigh carp fe) Here underlined word is— +. Present Participle ¥. Past Partciple Noun %None Bars03, Sr ocreaI # Racal H 20 # Beatin eet yea Rule “ontt : Being + Past Participle. c&— Being helped by the killer whales, the whales were able to make a successful kill If + Past Participle : Ifnominated, Ruma will win certainly in the election, (2 NETH ART ex, we ireIee fe ferece) Perfect Parti iple Having finished the call, he went back to work, (a ce eara oa or are Fret THT i) Present Participle ¥. Past Participle “1. Perfect Participle Noun ‘Ben: “NOT: Having 4% Verb ex Past Participle Form SPR! wee Perfect Participle wt crx Having read the novel, [had my lunch, (S*sP16 oe ore eta HR CHA WAT CTA) Rule: 27 3, ‘He contemplated marrying his cousin.’ Here ‘marrying’ is a/an-loe=+ 6») 28, (#) present participle (*) gorund (7) verb (2) infinitive Bis corer: [Structure cal Verb + ing («8c verbal noun 1 &) © Running is good for your heart, Subject & object ore wae eI © He hates waking up early Verb sit present form #718 ing 4S €ai WM wi Ge A verb a noun eA Se SSH SE Gerund #7 | 74". He comtemplated marrying his cousin. (object f€>r) “The old man was tired of walking’ Here ‘walking? is a/an- ese.) *. present participle adjective “7. common noun ©. gerund Be 25 THOT: WH THE verb-ing & noun T Noun + for + (Verb +ing) ~ Structure @ =H = aePrTs wef NEM AH, SAT noun , 3, 0, 28. oe. OTT SCR) # Racal #28 # Resto eaPpTT 3028 Rule ‘ora: Reading is am excellent habit ("et #8 SPEER OF) | exe ATH METER, THT CHT verb MTS ing 45 Te pH a oe Zee EH 6H GI CHE ATE verd 6 noun ea Fe BT SEE gerund TT In many ways, riding a bieyele is similar to~ (22-5 (@) driving a car (2 when one drives a car (60 the driving of a car (8) when we drive a car cone SMO: FT RCH, ARE FT SI CER MG BH ET aM ARC BIT UAT AR ‘sit stv phrasal was 6e® wai wel riding a bieycle «#18 driving a car 2A ‘What is the correct use of gerund? fssex sewers . [saw the girl dancing. . Lam dancing on the floor. “1, Dancing is a good exercise The girl came here dancing. Benet sora: Verb + ing = gerund («c+ verbal noun #1 &) | He found parking is difficult, Here ‘parking’ used as- pre mt ees . part continuous %. gerund ‘participle progressive tense 8: “INT: Subject «# object eres gerund TeRS The underlined word in the sentence “It has stopped raining is a- foot wrom¥ se) . gerund 1. participle ‘t.infinitive %. present continuous Be: “ora: transitive verb « object ower verb + ing er &i gerund =i De you enjoy teaching. The underlined word is a-f wrmar ve wie ct ew 3. noun %. participle t. gorund ‘adjective Beret “ore: transitive verb «# object Rewer verb + ing **0H =i gerund =i He avoided making, The underlined word is a- fe sew ft sf 0 %.auxillary verb ¥. object, “1. paticiple Wgennd Sem: “orOT: transitive verb = object fate verb + ing Tz gerund BT Making a good result inthe exam needs alot of hard work. Here “making is aes Reer ert os . Present participle. Pronoun 1. Adjective “Gerd Bae: w wesaart : andes certs Ft (Present Continuous Tense vs Gerund) ‘You are Jearning English. (Present continuous tense) Leaming English isn’t easy. (Gerund) ‘They are working all day, (Present continuous tense) Working all day is tiring. (Gerund) Tlike reading. (Gerund) Reading is important for learning English. (2 Verb + ing & f€2h® Object ofa preposition) Tam reading. (Present continuous tense) She is visiting her friends this weekend. (Present continuous tense) ‘She enjoys visiting her friends. (Gerund) They are working all day. (Present continuous tense) Working all day is exhausting, (1 Genund & R@ts Present Pasticiple) 0000 KK Ke 000‘Sor ocraaTT # Recae H 20 H Reatam eet yea Rule 10 Common verbs followed Rule: 28 3. The family doesn't feel_ going outing this season, jo12" 7) in son like tof Bert “ONT: 3088 verb THER HOTT “A gerund =r, infinitive BAT We ‘Avoid _[Ttry to avoid arguing. Finish | [finished wading Beworth | It’s worth secing Consider | We considered leaving party carly Dread __| He dreads going to the gum. Enjoy — | They enjov jogging together. Miss | | miss sceing my friends ‘You always discuss making changes. I really dislike being interrupted. 1 fee! like traveling, Look forward to, object to, addicted to, get used to, accustomed to, opposed to ef phrase «= sray-ing &u | GA— > Salman felt uncomfortably full, as he was not accustomed to eating so much. (77 See erate wae, Ta OF ae TOME ET ETAT | > Tam ooking forward oping tthe aa beach next week (sate rt ror EE D1 > He is addicted to taking phensedyl. (@1 oer Se) | Tam opposed to increasing VAT. (=o 558 rgrenaFare®) | > object to being charged for parking here. (et ft re mr wise arr wit wins me) | Infitive vs. TTT Y Rule : 29 Tnfinitive vs. Gerund Infinitive (To + verb) Gerund (V+ ing) ‘aeibs ef Purpose, order, request, advice, | wwitr= Cause, habit, activity #77 Creer suggestion 29 CT Infinitive &a Gerund 1 03. Took a map with me, as I didn’t want to__my way on the joumey. [s9e2 fe] (#) loose (lose (lost (9) loss Bore 8, He advised me smoking. (== (#) giving up (*) to give up (9 in giving up (©) from giving up ©: ‘aices Infinitive aa saz Sibjecteeee |S Todothe right thing is not easy © Toleama new language is helpful Q It’s not easy jo do the right thing Object Rarez, 2 I want to help you. They love to travel Subject Complement | o Her job is to assist you feos 2 My dream is to open a business. ‘Adjective ore | > [told you to wait. He wants me to leave > _Thave no time to eat,“Saori ocr # Recae HO H Beatin crypt 3028 Rule Adverb femrce We must study to leam. T want to leam to sing. She reads to gain knowledge. Common verbs followed by infinitives Rule : 30 Like | She likes to taltalking Plan | We are planning to visit Europe. Enjoy _| She enjoys to talkitalking. Decide | She has decided to quit. ‘Want | They want to expand the company. | Choose | Ruma choose to stay at home. Hope | Thope to see you there. Promise | He promised to come on time ‘Agroe | They agreed to make the deal Need [Teed to go to the bank, 03. He intends to in the country for two months, se=* Fe) (#) live (2) stay (stop (halt Bex sot aes ee at CH Stay TTS eH ae RNConrtMet eee live TEAS TH fee Beate ver axe om Gem verb 2H Ff arerAT infinitive (to + verb) RTI desire [especct | pretend [wish [attempt strive [learn | prepare intend | fail hesitate [offer [tend forget [refuse [seem 8. He gave up ___ football when he got married, j= =) (@)ofplaying—(*) to play (9 playing (© play tea ROT: COT aICHT OMIA EB verb Tre ASH verb GH AI ing Cael #A gerund Ft Z| SRN give up <6 phrasal verb 4 5491 gerund (verb-ing) | Fried fish smells delicious. fx Linking verb ea Bmesrt— Subject et Be verb (am, is, are, was, were. been) | appear » He became a doctor, become fall get feel ebloet ‘Complement remain ‘grow run ‘turn > Honey tastes sweet. taste soo smell_| act “Complement stay | continue Subject > Tne woman went could not help/eannot help, be + used to, get used fo, worth, mind, with a view to, be addicted to, prefer gfx 70a verb ~as 70% “ing” cat er fase Sarees eT © We cannot help laughing— erat at =n =| Twas used to walking here— swf «ates gb rere fer | He got used to smoking— t "or aac eer fee | ‘The book is worth reading~ #8 ga x21 | I went there with a view to seeing you~ ert copra >1ce crit ara Bowes Om Sates I prefer playing to running— = cAlgrara coca come ca ef | eoooe Causative verb Causative verb at oe exer err farm cig cet ae Ree aT ex OH Fr STAY ENR ORC verb ee Sa RH, STAR BT Causative verb, wa wt es feces owt FoF Causative verb Saree Verb ‘Causative verb Verb Causative verb Know (7) Inform (Se) See Gi) Show (crete) Remember (7 68) | Remind (ev ester) | Dive (ee ora) Dip (Beer) Drink i" a) Drench (vim eater) | Rise (S80) Raise (Sev) Lie (6-78) Lay (8 ET) Ter verb « Causative verb er at ort verb «a Causative verb Fara ST Make, get, have, let sex help «verb erat aprera at 1 3. The invigilator made us.....0ur identity card at the test Centre, lente frmmr ment fre: sos} 3. to show %, showing, 4 show showed Barr “SINT: Subject + make/made + ae + verb ex Base form. ZT > [made him do the work (sft eee fren @reist fica), > The dog made the cat climb the tree quickly. (gaa Fageice ars ce Bore a 11) o& He didn’t let me__a guitar.“Sapte erea/s # Rca # 2b # Bea Carey 30388 Rule =. play %. to play +t. playing «played Bane ONDT: Let wat aIBce SEARE orm a RCH CHET Ge “N- Subject + let + afe/ew + verb ea base form + extension, T"- Our boss let us leave the meeting early. (STE 7 SIENA wa aes met om ata sap Fre) | 09. These stories always help him better. sleep 4. to sleep 4. sleeping slept Ban “arat : Subject + help + <1fS/aw + verb «st Base form, Tm These stories always help him sleep better. (€& master ><>PH Ie Tee TT RICE MRT A) | ane fog expert fra © Sub + get/got + 3+ to + verb «base form © Sub + gev/got/ ++ Va © Sub + have/has/had + =f + verb « base form © Sub + have/has/had + =fe + V, eA Type: 32 ave Ree Remerarcw ype Fe a9 ET OPRECTCE Rule FA BRS a CALE] ec Rule st Type Tata oC wee Ae aeR AAA AT ROCK | 03. The lights have been blown by the strong wind. (=) () out (away (up (of bes “BRUT: Blow out Bey oCET BH RCS wise; Blow up Bd ROUTE AT ANIC CI FE ‘Efe mom Blow off cer fg cae oat Ff eo 8. The Second World War broke in September, 1939, 002 ®— sf) . through * away ‘out min Beret “aN: Break through— Force a path (cers 7a), Break away— Get away (co0* 2 =a), Break out— Suddenly start (sg =), Break in— Interrupt (#141 Grew!) | oe. Fill in the blank : As she was talking, he suddenly broke —-—- saying ; "That's a lie!" sox 90% off (9 in () down (®) into tone Break in | To interrupt someone's conversion Sie Fait aI Fal SI al DAH CHR EWS SICH a Break off | attests aw, Rafe ae, wal ecw OR 4M (abruptly stop talking). cm The fuselage had broken off just behind the pilot's seat, Break into” [ 37S SpRICe Fm COR. Two wider broke into his ome Break down | 98 Rew Weve Sea 98, Identify the correct sentence, ion =o (#) The girl burst out tears (8) The girl burst into tears (i) The girl burst with tears (+) The girl bursetd out tears SetBrorTs oR # Recah H ob # Beato ePyT s¢28 Rule Rule: 33 > An Adjective is a word used to qualify a noun or a pronoun, (-J.C Nesfield) > ‘Tword 8st noun * pronoun GM, e4, SAT, FRAGT AT ANTM CATT SICH Adjective TH | > Adjective v# 41 ex modifying/qualifying word. ©. Go and catch the falling star. Here the “falling” is js== (#)anadverb (8) apreposition (6) an adjective (@averb Beat ‘NIT | GAR Fe Word Noun #t Pronoun Gm, 4, Se, eT, Aim Lor ere CR OT Adjective #1 2 | Falling #6 star (noun) 4 247 noun c¥ modify #14 4B Adjective. 8. Depression is often hereditary. The underlined word is a/an— [ee= = (#) Adverb (2 Adjective (6 Noun (Ved Bere ‘anit: ‘Be’ verb a or AMES ADH adjective word ICA = IE “hereditary” HE adjective cers Ts Fe Cas a adjective BAR “xeRes aT xeAEEEAT | 8, A seventeen year old is not to vote in an election. js#= 1} (#) old enough (*)as old enough (* enough old (©) enough old as bare ‘arat: Enough *6 Adjective Adverb 3 ot 3 fey Noun £3 ex WA) ex Old AB CHCA Adjective 5% Old #8 Enough Bs eH ect) 08, This is his pen, What kind of adjective ‘his’ is— %. Distributive adjective ¥, Demonstrative adjective “1, Possessive adjective 1% Indefinite adjective ort “ori: GHA pronoun *f# noun a “EF AH noun c modify wa EER eS eT eI adjective, ore ‘Soren ora Possessive Adject ‘This is my book. This is his car. Demonstrative Adjective | This book is red ‘She was one of those people who are forever worried about money Indefinite Adjective ‘Any boy can do this. He is a man of few words. Tnterrogative/Relative Adjective _| Whose book do you want? Which pen have you bought? Distributive Adjective | Each boy got a prize. Every man is potential [ shall support neither party. Neither report is true o¢. He actually wanted to have motherly affection from her. [noun-1y= adjective] ®. Adject x. Adverb 4. Noun «Pronoun Bake cores: fog fox Noun ice, eit 21a¢ ly cept Ron Adjective et eu eee fox faR Adjective Coat WH Sufi: 1 ‘al___| National, legal, politcal, social | ian, an | Indian, American ic | Historic. economic en | Golden, wooden ical | Historical able | Drinkable, movable ish — | Turkish, childish ful | Beautiful, hopefulBape STIRS # Becate #09 # Bamtam CHE TT 102 Rule istic _[ Fantastic. optimistic less] Fearless. helpless ive _ | Active, attractive ly Friendly, namely, heavenly. homely ed | Learmed, talented, Unparalleled | ous | Envious, studious, Joyous. ov, will get the ear ready. Here ‘ready’ is =. Adjective 4. Adverb t.Noun & Pronoun Bare ant Adjective Se 21 Object 42 ots 2E “ex | Structure—> Subject + causative verb (make/get/lethave ete.) + object + adjective. 0. [like being alone. Here ‘alone’ is— ¥. Adjective 4 Adverb 1. Noun < Pronoun Bar: INET: Linking verb ert RR be, seem, feel, look, become, appear ete. fx FR adjective wate, ‘ust a7e9RH linking verb 49 “| 87 | GO Afloat, afraid, alight, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake. ‘Noun complement fer adjective eae wr | are adjective s predicative use 71 BI eR, Linking verb “ct complement ore #1 adjective, subject G qualify ## 1 Gr: She is beautifil ov. Few students come to school today. Here ‘few? is an adjective of — =. quantity +. quality ‘1. number % pronominal es: ‘ani: Adjective store Bit re BA: ‘g00d, bad, wise, warm, cold, noble, rich, honest etc. ‘Adjective of quantity (*faM@Me | none, much, more, enough, litle, any, sufficient, ‘ecre#) or Quantitative adjective | great, less etc ‘Adjective of number GRIPE FET) | One, two, First, second, Third..... Single, or Numeral adjective Double..... Some, Few etc. Pronominal adjective G@PATATgS ACT) or Relative adjective. ‘Come on, it's time to go home.” Here “home” is a/an- sen . noun x verb “1. adjective adverb Bean ‘pemocmt Verb ere Hr om, OF RBH Advert =H |THE He walks slowly (ot ct 23) | Faisal speaks loudly (eee catee et az") ‘Becca ator ace verb (walk & speak) wed war amin gece slowly & loudly— wR o® we (Slowly & loudly) eet Adverb. core word TH Adjective sera! ere #e, SIFT Adverb TRE) THEE Abeer is a very good boy, (site 4 ste cm) Linkon writes very well. (fe™4 44 51 1!) ‘safes coe om cxee Ba: As wie GRE | erg Adjective (Good) 4 wear cd erficn fae “Very” ‘x98 | TR Very’ 9B ea Adverd.Bros errs # aca Ho # Beatem erP ys 103 Rule modify #308! too much cafbawe ewe efeict ge BT | much too e¥ sFigw THE CAE | excessive adjective 3H wel were sentence $% contest 37d AAG ‘Adverb of Degree oO ©) Rule : 35 Verb 0 ‘when? <1 "#6" Sat ee] sae Bas ORTH, GTS Adverb of Time WH) a CTE ‘war98 adverb ua Bret ; Now, then, soon, yesterday, today, tomorrow, daily, always, seldom, ago, often, never, sometimes, after, already, before, since, presently, immediately. 7™"— Sometimes I go there. eT ‘When’ at go (verb) 7 2 Fat wi When go? (FF we) Soe I Sometimes” (=e45ICW) | [AR underlined word 81 kort Adverb of Time. o%, The day of my sister’s marriage is drawing near. jersey =. Adjective 4 Adverb ‘Noun = Pronoun Bae: ov. Which one of the following is adverb? laws fern meer fre. 2038) =. Someone “4. somebody “1. someday something ARSE coro + Someday means-ofeere com #7 xT adverb. SMA eI GET BT-pronoun (Someone , somebody, something) o>, He always speaks the truth. =. Adjective . Adverb Noun “Pronoun Bane “sit: When Speak’ (#9 #272) Ans. Always (74) do. Barking dogs seldom bite. Here ‘seldom’ is — =. Adjective =. Adverb #. Noun ‘Pronoun Bam: “rot: When bite? Ans, seldom. 222% underlined word 31 xott Adverb of Time. Adverb of Place com verb ae wre 7 oT BATE oT Adverb wat renee wr, wee Adverb of Place we a extra serch adverb ax Breet: Down, everywhere, anywhere, below, above, here, there, near, out, up, down, inside ®esf1 I didn’t find Camera anywhere,Barres era # Bacay # 8s # Beales erp 1095 Rule aC h ertita Rule: 36 ot Adverb a aries 2 ara firm ay ecafiet wt erat ara wre Adverb of Frequency #2 a eae eae Adverb x Beret zm: Once, twice, thrice, rarely, occasionally, often, never, usually, generally sometimes etc. Adverb of Frequency— #8 4% ‘wa Saree rer aR — © He always gets up early in the morning. (of =e 3 Fate xcs 9) © Poor people usually’ take meal twice (8 scat sera fcr aE) © He seldom goes home (cr efoe arf =1%) 1 Bera gee aT St I RO A wT | a ORS aT OT ee wiht See OT TTT | “BFR ‘always’ weer *Adverb of frequency’ | oT remember the holiday I spent in your home, she said, ee fx (#) ever (®) hardly (+) usually (always Sexe SMT: sete, THB Positive Sed eR at ZENE (Core afGCS wor AS IE AT ACH “t05) 1 Ever et Hardly Nae Negative See Tes ei STIG Usually eres wer ox. Ispent __ with the patient, [soo fe] (#) sometimes _(®) sometime (9 some times (sometime Bez: ‘arat: Sometimes =f NEWT) Sometime = eATTeT ATH Feg AAT! Some time we Fox 7 8, Zahid has never gone to USA. (sien exc USA aH) . Adjective %. Adverb Noun «Pronoun Bar: 4: ID od. A conjunction is a part of speech that __ thoughts. (arf aqbex a2») %. describes 4. joins ‘modifies “scrutinizes Ser: + “Sr: OF word HR #1 woUier Te a1 RTT AS CA, ICS Conjunction aoH1 we « HAAYRECE fee Conjunctions ffensica <7eee eri oy “tH GAT GIEYS FE Conjunction «a aTTE “arate oT ie al ex xm wife sentences, clauses, phrases Sat word @ Ae wa, 1 Fee Me Conjunction 4) cr : and, as well as, or, either-----or, neither--—-nor, but, yet, still, nevertheless, so, therefore, that, so that, if, though, as, because, when, where, since, before, after, till, until, unless, as if ete. WA ARCS WA : Conjunction «a area awe ATT caer, Fea Re a aces RG ea AB Ata Pate er aH, APRA MCQ se cre rs 8 (o14) fB sem cece Conjunction aa iE dos cra Race xx eR Bet SARITA Fics arg Re oT etSr OcrRSTTH # Racal H 8 H Ream caret sea Rule Son: Gem SBA PTFeMT CT TCS during | 38. Ourschoolis__the main road, iste frm eres fre om fe) os sat st in to on vere ‘are rabadh cor STI vas on =H Cover a1 over, cover #1-¥2 Bea aT" above. ‘em forge ae cro Soca arr On, ter face fear eet rece — To. en tice ata face fete ee — Out of teecaa fer Se — In. Ter fags (ser fren Sfousx oat Through. ‘warm regret PCD eH — Under, ‘waren ar Ragone fer wreI— Below afte ecw cooraa frre fea set — Into. Below, Under 2¢. Sumaiya sat the table. %. above son ain #1, none, cat 8. Rita sat onthe corner of the table __ the door. fer ren ress by ‘near ‘beside Xo bert Prepositions with forms of transport 28. ‘Lwent there my bike? 23 —e0era bes ela ste ee): Sco) on upon sin aby tee SOR: BETES AEST eT TE by «enti fore senbhees sob) = two “more than two .two, more than wo %, Fouronly Baa “SINT: More than two ora = om whee aos a aH Weer ATTS preposition ‘Among "RS =A ©, He divided the money the two children. =. among %. between into ‘through Bene aus eH)Bao errs # aca # Go # BaateR ETT 103 Rule SOR: ANS TACT SrA gatCD “bet (oN! oa PES TEA “in between’ =A \®8. Select the correct one: Our teacher told the monitor to hand out script .. ere ser Pree aA: 2036) =. among %. between into ‘through Bar ‘99. Fill in the blank. Between ........ this is the greatest book I've ever read. farsantie seat reo: ase) . you and I %. you and me si Land you 1% you are and I'm Bea < “ano: eH tres Between, Among SIP OF eH objective form Teas Ai TEM me ae ‘zer- Between you and me, this isthe greatest book I've ever read Rule : 50 28, Noureen will discuss the issue with Nasir__ phone, (os== 5%") ain %on Tover Rby tere “ores cere ater gece by phone’ over the phone wees ex wre cer et Dee HeNCS (be) on the phone ‘age er seh telephone 4s qc the «Fs BIeeT over KS et. Rizvi requested Rini___ telephone to attend the meeting, «== =) over Sthroigh by with vert =n: Geo AT GCs by phone! over the phone Fees RI | ex GREK AT BCE HACE (be) on the phone arms or sek a telephone oq the «TFS SIRE over XS aor or SIR ACA SINT GIG ‘among’ <1 the class. ‘28, The walls of our house have been painted ___green. (no preposition) 92» Fi») 8, Would you please find out Bangladesh the map? [== fe] @in (*) on (*) over (at tone “ORO: TCH SEPRATE GFE Preposition “on” 37 | ‘ev, The intellectual can no longer be said to live __ the margins of society. [2o%= ®Pe%] s.over through 4%. beyond with tan ‘ornit: Beyond— sea fem | ‘es, The case is__ trial. ain Son over by tore 80, The case never came trial, Ans-to. 83. Mr Kabir is on committee. @STe ‘on’ = few from seo frre (A): seen) Adverb Proposition *. Conjunction X Inteyjection Ben Beside, Besides 8%, We need two hundred dollars __ this to pay for everything. +. beside 4. besides ‘as well "also ene ‘rit: Besides— 81 beside— ate About 80. He told us all about the battle. soviet ‘about’ *f- fone or seo frye xr) 3008) *, Pronoun 4%. Adjective 1, Adverb % Preposition Sea: ©‘Rare acre H Recae H @ H Beaten GPT! 3028 Rule “ore: GF >F@ A ase noun pronoun «x "Fer AF noun t pronoun <&F 7H sentence sera wees 4 ec wise preposition FH RH Rule: 51 88. Which ‘but’ isa preposition? seve, +. Itis but right to admit our faults ‘*. What can we do but sit and wait? st We tried hard, but did not succeed. There is no one but likes him ae ONT: Pre 8 “Ee Position oH wwe! sR Gere Word corer Noun, Pronoun «x Noun phrase sr jo a aT TAT MR ae eB oF OT eH, SA IG Proposition WT RH rE SRE AIS wT A AT ATLE but WHT NOUN kT TER STA BRE TE ETE RTT 8¢, When Ushashi entered the room everybody stopped talking. js==%=1 = into xin ato no preposition required 45 ra: “Enter” 9 transitive verb, 21 7am fat object aes ze we ts EM preposition <€4 AGTAR TH AT STAG FFE transitive verb ZHR- emphasis, compose, meet, paint, resemble ete. ‘wi phrasal verb or enter into something Br fex seroma GoeR- It was only after my ‘miraculous survival of the car crash that nearly got me killed that God finally entered into my life 88, “Call me if you have any problems regarding your work.” Here “regarding” is alan- (se A =. gerund *. apposition ‘1. preposition ‘conjunction — 45 GMI: Pro ed A xe Position se waa) SAR GI Word tereeT Noun a Pronoun *t Noun phrase ss 9x4 «0H SATE Mw Hie IB HEME BP Ses, BF LS Preposition wl AI) TBE regarding Wat noun phrase 71H aie SATIS CHA MHS HE RTE | 89, In which sentence is the word "Past used a a preposition? insu teen (#) Writing letters is a thing of the past. (*) Hook back on the past without regret () [called out to him as he ran past (© Tania was a wonderful singer, but she's past her prime Cane “stot sTania was a wonderful singer, but she's past her prime "2% past #8 48 noun phrase (her prime) x efor cas SHH FEHR GE eB Proposition RON tees AS KATE eels eT past "8 noun se RSet series adver Rowen TES ECAR | 8¥, “There was a small reception following the wedding’. The word “following in the sentence above is alan eras () adjective (9 adver’ () noun (9) preposition Bex: ORO: CF word noun 3 pronoun ss Aq 7H Za Fer IGF preposition Ti Present and participle *F& preposition #% #1 #4 9% KF participle preposition % eter “following’ 6 “The wedding” noun 3 924 1 &F sentence 4x FF BAERS TIE APH AIA FLITE | Toate “following «905 participle preposition, 89. Cassandra is a night owl, so she doesn't usually get up until about: (== 6% (@) am () pm. (7am. (7pm benBors acral # Bacay #08 # Reale Carp 303 Rule ‘mit: Greek Mythology wept Cassandra fem Bester Priam-as @ti sit 'Night Ow!’ Metaphorical Idiom, aH 82 Retox a1 cx aS Cor aie simp Cacey Cassandra is a night ow!’ Crem SH AC LL pm, 7 am a7 pmas ce Coes Bt aforenS AHI Ae LL am-2 Ba ors Re fers 0, I finally killed the fly rolled up newspaper. (sf (@)by (with (9 through (9) from bere soot: By’ stern aM cote WAT gow SH with” SoH CHA Tool AE MCS Appropriate Prepositions Type: 52 ve hdr Rasta Type ort area REx areIRCCTCRule BA GR Tt REY ‘ScaRule #8 Type TACaTe CRN we He ae TART AT RATE | os, Isha not {he examination this year.j»=1 5} © sive © appear at (sit (© g0 for ome or: en arene ec Appear at 2051 o&, The ministers arrived ~ a discussion last night, tovte eons ee we: ss S.on tat tin to tat corer + Arrive at— frarce Beh xen) caib kor eto: Amrive in— orm at ag Mace COT ‘ri The minister arrived__a decision (ssav afer fn! a conclusion/ an agreement last night. 09. He does not attend, 8 office timely, xterra) Fo at ain “Lon Bent TORT + Aten to— woeret orem, dt wat) Attend at— rem wr Sofqe Reet Attend uponfon— ere eat 8, Students should attend____ their lessons, tx “poten Ae 4-1. iain ne forer set ere =.with ston sat to Bone oe. ‘Socrates was accused, misleading the young section in Athens.’ ais —Svecr “ee MF ER fsa mR («3a FI RS (OTE) ato sof ‘1 for Gon set ‘ait: Accused of — Charged with— ee 1 os. He abides me BR ATR A MOAR ob fem nh (ome) +35 =. with Sin “1 upon Nat Bene ‘orm: Abide by— tm vat) Abide in— a1 Fat (GeTAT WA) | Abide with (somebody)— =1eat om ara | ea ABS Bez (a) os, There is no alternative training, (1 sso) on x10 4 for Xoff tere “SRT altemative to— frog wer wd erncts com Fea cr® alternative 10+ verb + ing @T) ov, Lapproved — his action, esx "arate af me Ceo ew ferme ae ee 91 at on sof with sentSer OTRO # Recae H U H Beatin eryrph 30a Rule (6) He copied the answer word after word (d) None Ans-b sav. Choose the correct sentence? (@) He has zest in music (b) He has zest to music (6) He has zest for music (4) He has zest at music Aue “arO Zest for— SHRI it music we ef ee ee care ee (c) Ee aes BE | eb. Please walk the stairs, Cara Aa Ca IC fee fore roe 2 up over into Rin Sane corer: Walk up— Bats 631 eres Type: 83 /xve Aor Remerenc@ ype re aI ET TMAH Rule FA BRS FA LAE] SCA Rule 4% Type Tare crea ii ae aa TART FAT UME | A Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Ability Crm) Enable Oe) Able G8) Ably Gres) ‘Acceleration Accelerate ‘Accelerated ‘Acceptance ‘Accept (6 a) ‘Acceptable «eine | Acceplably (@erars2) ‘Accommodation ‘Accommodate (37 =) “Anger () “Anger (amt ea) Angry Gree) __| Angrily Gamtraeeree) ‘Action ‘Act a Fa) Aative Gar Aetively CSTs) ‘Admission (®q%)__| Admit @iew on, oem | Admissible ‘Admissibly ‘Agreement (#7) Agree (ae eeu) | Agrecable cies) | Agrecably (Scere) Allowance (eR) _| Allow (ante om) | Allowable Allowably Apology C1) ‘Apologize (aT D1eR)_| Apologetic ‘Apologetically “Amplification Greme) | Amplify rapist i) Amusement (Sm) _| Amuse (Sr ren Analysis ‘Analyze ‘Analytical ‘Analytically ‘Approval (ar) | Approve (=aore7 =) Assurance Assure Assured ‘Assuredly ‘Adventure (Sa) _| Adventure (r=) __| Adventurous “Adventurously ‘Argument ‘Argue ‘Arguable ‘Arguably Authority Ee) ‘Authorize @marwwes) | Authoritative ‘Authoritatively Arrival (Sr) Arrive (Si) ‘Attraction Attract Attractive Attractively Attainment (34) Attain (eet =a) ‘Aitention/attendance | Attend Gweaeunt ort) | Attentive (@werieathh_| Attentively