BIOLOGI

CAL
IMP PAST PAPER QS AND
CONCEPTS.
MOLEC
1. Molecules, their elements and basic unit

ULES


Fats and oils: carbon hydrogen oxygen: glycerol, fatty acids
Proteins: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur: amino acids
 Carbohydrates: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen: simple sugars/monosaccharide
2. Carbohydrates examples.
 Cellulose (C)
 Starch (C)
 Glycogen (C)
 Glucose (S)
3. Molecules’ presence test
 Proteins: biuret: blue – purple
 Complex carb: iodine: brown - blue black
 Reducing sugars: benedict solution: blue – orange-red
 Fats and oils: emulsion test: milky appearance