CHEMISTRY

(Three Hours and a quarter)

(The first 15 minutes of the examination are for reading the paper only.
Candidate must NOT start writing during this time).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer all questions in section A. From section B, answer any six questions from seven questions. The
intended marks for the questions are given in the brackets [ ].
In working out problems, use the following data:
Gas constant R =1.987 cal deg‒1mol‒1=8.314JK‒1mol‒1=0.0821 dm3 atm K‒1 mol‒1
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Section A (40 marks)
Answer all questions
Question 1
For each question, there are four alternatives A, B, C and D. Choose the correct alternative and
circle it. Do not circle more than ONE alternative. If there is more than one choice circled, NO
score will be awarded. [1x25=25]
i) The solution having the highest freezing point is
A 0.2 M glucose. C 0.2 M NaCl.
B 0.1 M BaCl2. D 0.1 M urea.
ii) The pH of solution A is 2 and pH of solution B is 4. Which of the following is true?
A Solution B is 100 times more acidic than solution A
B Solution B is two times more acidic than solution A
C Solution A is two times more acidic than solution B

D Solution A is 100 times more acidic than solution B

iii) For the electrochemical cell,
M/M+ II X+/X

The standard EMF of the above cell is 0.11 volts. If the standard reduction potential of metal M is 0.33
volt, the standard reduction potential of electrode X will be
A. 0.22 v C. 0.44 v
B. 0.33 v D. -0.22 v
iv) The number of α and β particles emitted in the nuclear reaction: 90Th
228
→ 83 Bi212
is,

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 1 of 19
A. 4 α and 7 β C 3 α and 7 β

B. 4 α and 1 β D. 8 α and 1 β
v) Which of the following is true for a spontaneous process at all the conditions of temperature?
A ΔS = +ve; ΔH = +ve C ΔS = -ve; ΔH = +ve

B ΔS = +ve; ΔH = -ve D ΔS = -ve; ΔH = -ve

vi) The coordination number and oxidation of state of cobalt in [Co(en)2Cl2]+ is

A. 4 and 3 respectively C. 6 and 3 respectively
B. 4 and 2 respectively D. 6 and 2 respectively
vii) The role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction is to change
A. energy of reactant C. frequency of collision
B. energy of product D. activation energy
viiii) Dawa, a science student had placed a bottle each of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde on the table.
Next day he found label missing from both the bottles. Which of the following reagent should Dawa use
to identify acetaldehyde?
A Schiff’s reagent C Fehling’s solution
B Tollen’s reagent D Iodine and NaOH solution

ix) Acetic acid is weaker acid than formic acid due to:

A. –I effect of methyl group C. Involvement of carbonyl group in resonance

B. +I effect of methyl group D. Involvement of methyl group in resonance

x) The main product formed when three molecules of oleic acids react with glycerol is

A. Fatty acid C. Saturated fat

B. Oil D. Biodiesel
xi) . Aliphatic amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3) in which one or more H-atoms have been
replaced by alkyl group(s). The increasing order of the basic strength of the following amines is
A R3N < RNH2 < R2NH < NH3. C R2NH < NH3 < R3N < RNH2.
B RNH2 < R2NH < R3N < NH3. D NH3 < R3N < RNH2 < R2NH.
xii) When glycine is dissolved in a solution whose pH is 3, it will exist as ……………
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 2 of 19
 A. Cation, C. Zwitter ion
B. Anion D. Neutral
xiii) A chemist analysed an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H8O using IR spectroscopic
technique and obtained following spectrum.

The absorption band A and B present in the above spectrum are due to
A. O-H str and C-H str C. N-H str and C=O ben
B. O-H str and C-H ben D. O-H str and C= O str
xiv) The relationship between osmotic pressure at 273K when 10 g glucose (P1), 10 g urea ( P2), and 10g
sucrose (P3) which are dissolved to make 250 ml aqueous solution in three separate beakers will be
A P1 > P2 > P3 C. P2 > P1 > P3
B. P3 > P1 > P2 D. P2 > P3 > P1
xv) Which one of the following does not act as Bronsted acid?

A. CH3COO- C. HCO3-
B.NH4+ D. HSO3-
xvi) The EMF of the following Daniel cell at 298 K is E1
Zn/ZnSO4 (0.01M)// CuSO4(1M)/Cu

When the concentration of ZnSO4 is 1M and that of CuSO4 is 0.01M, the EMF changes to E2. What is
the relationship between E1 and E2.

A E1 > E2 C E1 =E2
B E1˂ E2 D E1=E2=0

xvii) The radio- isotope used in cancer detection and treatment, especially in blood cancer (leukemia)
is :
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 3 of 19
 131 24
60 32 Na
A C B P C I D

xviii) For a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the free energy change of a system is:
A negative C. one
B positive D. zero
xix) Which one of the following compounds will be coloured?

A [ Cu(NH3)6]Cl2 C. ZnSO4
B [Cu(H2O)6]Cl D. [Ti (H2O)4Cl2]Cl2

xx) The reaction between A and B is a first order reaction with respect to A and second order reaction
with respect to B. If the concentration of A is halved and the concentration of B is doubled, the rate of
reaction will be:
A. same as initial value C. double the initial value
B. three times the initial value D. half the initial value

xxi) Acetone reacts with hydrogen cyanide to form acetone cyanohydrin. This is an example of
A nucleophilic addition reaction. C nucleophilic addition-elimination
B nucleophilic substitution reaction. reaction
D electrophilic substitution reaction
xxii) The phenomenon of carboxylic acid given below explains:

A. Higher solubility of carboxylic acids in C. Higher boiling points of carboxylic acid

water D. Higher molecular mass of carboxylic acid
B. Higher melting points of carboxylic acid
xxiii) Acetamide is less reactive than acetyl chloride due to:
A. –I effect of methyl group C. –I effect of –NH2 group

B. +I effect of methyl group D. +I effect of –NH2 group

xxiv) The most convenient method to prepare primary amine containing one carbon atom less from
amide is
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 4 of 19
by

A) Cannizaro reaction
C) Hofmann Bromamide Degradation
B) Mendiu’s reaction
D) Étard reaction

xxv) The influence of external magnetic field on shielded proton will be ……, hence such proton will
require ……….frequency of radiofrequency radiation for spin-flip and leads to ………. in NMR
spectrum.
A. more, lower, upfield C. less, lower, downfield
B. less, more, upfield D. less, lower, upfield

b) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word /s. [10 ×½ = 5]

i) A 5% aqueous solution of cane sugar ( mol. wt 342) is isotonic with a 1 % aqueous solution of a
substance X. The molecular weight of X is…(68.4 g/Mol).

ii) The molarity of 4.6 N H2SO4 solution is …(2.3 M)……

iii) Four elements, K, L, M and N have reduction potentials of ‒2.71V, 0.77V, 1.42V and ‒0.76V
respectively. The element which behaves as the strongest reducing agent is ... (K)....
iv) The unit of rate of reaction for second order reaction is…( Mole Liter-1 sec-1)
v) The primary valency of platinum in tetramminedichloroplatinum(IV)chloride is.. (2)..
vi) High temperature favours the spontaneity of ….(endothermic)… reactions.

vii) Oxidation of primary alcohol produces .. ( aldehydes.. while the oxidation of secondary alcohol
produces …( Ketone)….
viii) C12H22O11 + 9O2 Conc. HNO3 …………+ …………….

c) Match the items of column A with the items in column B. Rewrite the correct pairs in your
answer sheet. You may copy the number and the alphabet. [10×½ = 5]

(b) Column A Column B

(i) Cell potential at any concentration a) mass spectroscopy
(ii) Isoelectric pH b) NMR
(iii) Cannizzaro’s reaction c) short interval of time
(iv)Increase in the number of H+ ions in an d) freezing point depression
aqueous solution of acetic acid with dilution
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 5 of 19
 (v) Ammonolysis of acetyl chloride e) magnesium
(vi) Reduction of methyl cyanide f) ethylamine
(vii) Spin-spin coupling g) Ostwald’s law
(viii) Beckmann’s method h) lack of alpha hydrogen
(ix) Instantaneous rate i) CH3CONH2
(x) Chlorophyll
k) zwitter ion
l) methyl amine
(c) Column A Column B
(i) Cell potential at any concentration j) Nernst equation
(ii) Isoelectric pH k) zwitter ion
(iii) Cannizzaro’s reaction h) lack of alpha hydrogen
(iv)Increase in the number of H+ ions in an g) Ostwald’s law
aqueous solution of acetic acid with dilution
(v) Ammonolysis of acetyl chloride i) CH3CONH2
(vi) Reduction of methyl cyanide f) ethylamine
(vii) Spin-spin coupling b) NMR
(viii) Beckmann’s method d) freezing point depression
(ix) Instantaneous rate c) short interval of time
(x) Chlorophyll e) magnesium

d. Write true or false for the following statements. [10×½ = 5]

i) The type of bending vibration during which one of the atoms moves up the plane while other moves
down the plane with respect to the central atom is called Wagging. F

ii) If the chemical shift in delta (δ) scale for a particular type of proton is 6 ppm then it will appear at 4
ppm in tau (τ) scale. T

iii) The solvents used in HPLC act as stationary phase. F

iv) Enthalpy change at constant volume is expressed as ΔH = ΔE.T

v) Ostwald’s dilution law is applicable to all types of solutions. F
vi) The pH of a 1x10-10 M NaOH solution is 10. F
vii) For a redox reaction to proceed in a cell, the EMF must be positive. T
viii) Elevation in boiling point of the solution is experimentally determined by Cottrell’s method. T
ix) Acetaldehyde undergoes Cannizaro reaction. F
x) Benzaldehyde has a characteristic smell of bitter almond. T
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 6 of 11
 SECTION B (60 marks )
(Answer any six questions)

Question 2
a) Miss Dema dissolved 3.42 g of cane sugar (Mol. Mass 342) in 1000 g of water to find the freezing
point of the solution as a part of her research project. What will be the value of the freezing point of the
solution from her experimental data? [kf of H2O=1.86k kg mol-1] [2]

𝑤 = 3.42
m = 180
W = 1000g
𝑤×1000
ΔTf = 𝑘𝑓 × 𝑚×𝑊
3.42×1000
ΔTf = 1.86 × 342×1000
= 0.0186
ΔTf = Tf ⸰_ Tfs
0.0186 = 0 ⸰C - Tfs
Tfs = 0 ⸰C - 0.0186
= - 0.0186 ⸰C
Or 0.0186 = 273k – Tfs
Tfs = 273k - 0.0186
= 272.98 k
b) Human blood is an excellent example of a buffer solution with a pH value of 7.35. Its primary
constituents are H2CO3 and NaHCO3. Illustrate how blood resists the change in pH value. [2]
Buffer action of NaHCO3 and H2CO3 (present in blood system)
NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3– ( completely ionized)
high conc. high conc.

H2CO3 H+ + HCO3– (weakly/ feebly ionized)

low conc. low conc.

On adding acid (HCl) to buffer solution, the H+ ions from HCl combine with the large conc. of HCO3–
ions of buffer to produce H2CO3
HCO3– (from buffer) + H+ (from HCl) H2CO3
The conc. of H+ coming from the HCl gets trapped before entering the blood system. H2CO3 being a
weak electrolyte does not ionize much, thus the conc. of H + ions blood system remains same so pH
remains constant.

On adding base (NaOH) to the system, the OH– ions from NaOH combine with the large conc. of H+ ions
of buffer to produce H2O
OH– (from NaOH) + H+ (from buffer) H2O
The conc. of OH– coming from the NaOH gets trapped before entering the blood system. H2O being a weak
electrolyte does not ionize much, thus the pH of the blood system remains constant.

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 7 of 11
c) What is meant by chemical shift of a particular protons in NMR spectroscopy? Draw and explain the
splitting patterns of protons of ethyl alcohol in NMR spectrum. [2]

The shift in the position of NMR signal, compared to standard substance as a result of shielding and
deshielding by electrons is called as chemical shift

d)Identify the reagents A,B,C,and D used in the chemical equation given below. [2]
CH3CHO + A → CH3COOH +B → CH3COCl + C →CH3CONH2+ D → CH3CH2NH2

A= KMnO4/H+ or K2Cr2O7/H+ / [O] B = PCl5 / SOCl2

C = NH3 D = NaBH4
e) Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Organic Alcohol Primary Secondary Tertiary
Compound amine amine amine
Ethanol Ethyl Dimethyl Trimethyl
amine amine amine
Formula (C2H5OH) (C2H5NH2) (CH3-NH-CH3) (CH3)3N
Molar mass 46 45 45 59
B.P 350 K 290 K 280 K 277 K

Why is the boiling point of primary amine less than alcohol but greater than secondary and tertiary
amines? [2]
Amines are polar compounds and except tertiary amines, rest are capable of forming intermolecular
hydrogen bonds. Primary amines of two polar N-H bond rough which intermolecular hydrogen bond
can be formed with two different molecules simultaneously whereas secondary amines have just one
polar N-H bond through which intermolecular hydrogen bond can be bond. Tertiary amines are also
polar but they can’t form intermolecular hydrogen bond due to absence of N-H bonds in them.

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 8 of 11
Question 3
a) The following data were obtained at 300 K for the reaction
2A +B C +D.
Experiment Initial concentration (mol L-1) Rate of formation of D
number A B in mol L-1min-1
i. 0.1 0.1 7 x 10-3
ii. 0.3 0.2 8.4 x 10-2
iii. 0.3 0.4 3.36 x 10-1
iv. 0.4 0.1 2.8 x 10-2
i) Write the rate law equation. [1]
Rate = k [A] x [B] y
X = 1 and Y = 2
Therefore Rate =k [A] 1 [B] 2
ii) What is the overall order of the reaction? [1]
Order of reaction = 1 + 2 = 3 [third order reaction]
iii) Calculate the rate constant. [1]
k = [7 x 10-3]/ [ 0.1 x (0.1)2]
= 7.0 mol-2 L-2min-1
b) The table given below shows the standard reduction potential of different elements.

Elements A B C Cu
Reduction -0.74 V -1.67 V +0.80 V +0.34 V
potential

i) Which element can be used to stir 1M Cu (NO3)2 solution? Why? [1]

Element C
Element C is less reactive than copper so it cannot displace copper from Cu(NO3)2 solution
OR
Element C has a higher reduction potential than Cu, so it can displace copper from (Cu(NO3)2 solution.
ii) A 2+ + B  A+B2+
Will this reaction occur? Support your answer. [1]
0
Ecell  E 0cathode  E 0anode
2 2
0
Ecell A  E0 B
A B
=-0.74 - -1.67
= -0.74 + 1.67
= 0.93 V
EMF of the reaction is positive, so the reaction will take place
c) Name and explain the mechanism of reaction that will be followed by acetone when it reacts with
hydrogen cyanide in presence of strong base. [2]

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 9 of 11
Show the reaction mechanism
HCN+OH -  H 2O+CN -
-
O O
-
H3C C CH3 + CN H3C C CH3
CN

-
O OH
H+
H3C C CH3 H3C C CH3
CN CN
Acetone cyanohydrin
d) A group of chemistry students was given a project to separate individual amino acid form the
mixture. They used Thin Layer chromatography in the separation. The data obtained is given in the
table 2. Use the information form the table to answer the following questions.
Table: 2
Sl Amino Acids Rf
no value
1 Alanine 0.52
2 Arginine 0.16
3 Threonine 0.12
4 Tyrosine 0.68
Distance travelled by solvent is 10
cm

i) State the principle of TLC. [1]

Different molecules/components present in the sample gets separated from one another based on the
difference in the relative affinities of different molecules for the mobile phase and the stationary phase
used in the separation OR due to the difference in the rates at which the components travel along with
the mobile phase, the components of the mixture separates. This separation takes place due to partition.
ii) Calculate the distance travelled by alanine. [1]
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑅𝑓 =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

0.52 =
10 𝑐𝑚
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 0.52 𝑥 10

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 10 of 11
 = 5.2 cm
iii) Which amino acid is most polar and which amino acid is least polar if non-polar solvent is used as
mobile phase and stationary phase used is polar. Justify your answer. [1]
Threonine is most polar as it is most retained by polar stationary phase and Tyrosine is least
polar as it has travelled maximum distance which means it has more affinity for non-polar mobile
phase.
Question 4
a) Karma applied his knowledge of n/p ration to predict stability of nucleus and obtained the serge chart
representing different regions labelled A, B & C as shown below.

With reference to above information answer the following questions.

i) How a nucleus found in region C and A attain stability? [2]
Nucleus found in region C are deficient in neutrons hence it disintegrate in such a way that one of their
protons gets converted into neutron and positron.
Similarly nucleus found in region A are richer in neutrons hence it disintegrate in such a way that one of their
neutrons gets converted into proton and β particle.
1
n0 →1H1 + 0e-1( 0 β-1).

b) Calculate the maximum work done (W), internal energy change(ΔE) and for the isothermal and
reversible expansion of 2 moles of an ideal gas from a pressure of 3 atm to 1 atm at 50 °C. [2]

P1
w  2.303nRT log -
P2
3
w  2.303  2  8.314  323log
1
w  5901.5 J
Since the process is isothermal and the gas is ideal,
ΔE = 0
From the first law of thermodynamics,
ΔE = q – w
0=q–w
w=q
q = 5901.5 J ----

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 11 of 11
 c) Write the mechanism for the reaction of acetyl chloride with ethyl alcohol. [2]
Overall reaction
CH3COCl+C 2 H5OH 
 CH3COOC2H5
Step I: Addition of nucleophile

Step II: Elimination of Cl-

Step III: Elimination of H+

d) What will happen to the entropy during the following conversions? Explain your answer.
i) Evaporation of water. [1]
Entropy increases because when water changes to vapour randomness also increases.
ii)Crystallization of sodium chloride from its saturated solution. [1]

Entropy decreases during crystallization of sodium chloride from its saturated solution because when
solution changes to solid, randomness decreases.

e) What do you understand by the term spin-spin coupling. [1]

The splitting of a peak into two or more smaller peaks due to interaction of magnetic field of non-
equivalent proton attached to the adjacent carbon atom is called Spin-spin coupling. The number of split
up peaks in the spectrum is determined by using (n+1) rule, in which ‘n’ is the number of neighboring non-
equivalent protons.
O

f) Explain the splitting pattern of different sets of protons present in CH3 -C - CH 2 - CH3 . [ 1]
singlet, quartet, doublet
Question 5
a) For this electrochemical cell at 298 K
Ni(s) /Ni2+(0.01M) // Ag+(0.1M) /Ag(s)
EοNi2+| Ni = -0.24V EοAg+| Ag = 0.80V
i) Write the reactions that takes place at the anode and the cathode. [1]
At anode: Ni(s) → Ni2+ + 2e-
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 12 of 11
 At cathode: 2 Ag+ + 2e- → 2 Ag
ii) Calculate the standard e.m.f. of the cell. [2]
Ni(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Ni2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) ,the Nernst equation is

0
Ecell  E 0cathode  E 0anode
= 0.80v – (-0.24v)
= 1.04 V
𝑶𝑺
𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟏𝟐
: E cell = E° - 𝒏
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑹𝑺

𝟎.𝟎𝟏
𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟏𝟐
: E cell = 1.04 - 𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝟎.𝟏)𝟐

= 1.04 V
b) Explain the bonding in coordination compounds in terms of Werner’s postulates. [2]
Werner’s postulates explain the bonding in coordination compounds as follows:
 A metal exhibits two types of valency namely, primary and secondary valency.
 Primary valency is satisfied by negative ions while secondary valency are satisfied by both negative
and neutral ions.
 In modern terminology, the primary valency corresponds to the oxidation number of the metal ion,
whereas the secondary valency refers to the coordination number of the metal ion.
 ) A metal ion has a definite number of secondary valency around the central atom. Also, these
valency project in a specific direction in the space assigned to the definite geometry of the
coordination compound.
 Primary valency are usually ionizable, while secondary valency are non-ionizable.
c) Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and name the reactions:
i) Acetamide is heated with bromine and sodium hydroxide solution. [1]

CH3CONH2 + Br2 + 4NaOH 

 CH3NH2 + 2NaBr + Na2CO3 + 2H2O
Hoffman’s bromamide (or degradation or rearrangement) reaction.
ii) Benzaldehyde is treated with 50% sodium hydroxide solution. [1]

2C6H5CHO 
NaOH(aq.)
 C6H5COONa + C6H5CH2OH
Cannizaro’s reaction
d) Explain shielding and deshielding effect. [2]
In organic molecule the hydrogen nuclei (protons) are surrounded by electrons. These electrons
generate small magnetic field which oppose the applied magnetic field (B 0 ) due to which the
effective magnetic field (Be) experienced by the nucleus will be less than the applied field. This
effect is known as shielding effect as the electrons shield the nucleus from the influence of external
magnetic field. Since the shielded proton experiences less external magnetic field, the energy gap
between the two spin states is also low and require lass frequency ( energy) for resonance (to flip
form lower energy spin state to higher energy spin state). Higher the electron density around proton
greater will be the shielding and the signals are up field in the NMR spectrum.
If the electron density around the nucleus decreases, the effective magnetic field experienced by the
nucleus is more than that of external magnetic field. This is called deshielding. The deshielded

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 13 of 11
protons require higher frequency (energy) for resonance. The presence of highly electronegative atom
pull the surrounding electrons away from protons and causes desheilding and the signals are
If the electron density around the nucleus decreases, the effective magnetic field experienced by the
nucleus is more than that of external magnetic field. This is called deshielding. The deshielded
protons require higher frequency (energy) for resonance. The presence of highly electronegative atom
pull the surrounding electrons away from protons and causes desheilding and the signals are downfield in the
NMR spectrum.

e) what does X and Z stand for in the diagram given below. [1]

X = freezing of pure solvent Y = freezing point of solution of containing non-volatile solute.

Question 6
a) Explain the following
i) Aniline is a weaker base than ethyl amine. [1]
Aniline is weaker base than ethyl amine because the lone pair of electrons present on the nitrogen atom
of aniline is pushed into the benzene ring due to resonance hence it is less available for protonation. In
case of ethyl amine, since ethyl group is an electron releasing group, the electron density around
nitrogen atom of ethyl amine increases. It makes protonation easier.
ii) Glycine migrates towards cathode when dissolved in solution whose pH is 1. [1]
At pH = 1
-
H3C CH COO +
H H3C HC COOH
+
NH3 + +
NH3
At pH 1, zwitter ion accepts proton from acidic solution and gets converted into cation.
b) Write the balanced chemical equation and explain the preparation of biodiesel. [2]

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 14 of 11
 c) Explain your observation with balanced chemical equation for the following reactions.
i) Oxalic acid with sodium bicarbonate. [1]

Brisk effervescence will take place due to evolution of CO2 gas

ii) Formic acid with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid. [1]
HCOOH + C2H5OH HCOOC2H5 + H2O
Formic acid Ethyl alcohol Ethyl formate (ester)
Pleasant fruity smell due to formation of ester ( ethyl formate)
d) Study the galvanic cell given below and answer the following questions.
Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (0.02M) → Zn2+ (0.05M) + 2Ag(s)
i) Represent the above galvanic cell in cell notation form. [½]

ii) Which of the above electrode is negatively charged. [½]

2+
Zn electrode is negatively charged because at this electrode, Zn oxidizes to Zn and the leaving electrons
accumulate on this electrode.
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode. [1]

At Anode

At Cathode
(iv) Calculate the EMF of the cell. [2]
E 0
cell  E cathode  E anode
0 0

= 0.80v – (-0.76v)
= 1.56 V
𝑶𝑺
𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟏𝟐
: E cell = E° - 𝒏
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑹𝑺

𝟎.𝟎𝟓
𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟏𝟐
: E cell = 1.56 - 𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝟎.𝟎𝟐)𝟐

= 1.5 V

Question 7
a) Explain the preparation of acetamide from ammonium acetate with balanced chemical equation. [1]
Acetamide is obtained by heating ammonium acetate in presence of glacial acetic acid.
CH3COONH4 CH3CONH2+ H2O
b) What is the purpose of using glacial acetic acid in the above reaction. [1]
Acetic acid used prevents the dissociation of ammonium acetate into acetic acid and hydrolysis of
acetamide into acetic acid and ammonia
CH3COONH4 ⇌ CH3COOH + NH3
c) Calculate ΔG for the reaction, N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) at 25°C,
if ΔH = -92.3KJ and ΔS = -198JK-1 mol-1. Is the reaction spontaneous? Why? [2]
Given ΔH = -92.3 x 1000= -92300 J ΔS = -198JK-1 mol-1 Temp: 273 + 25= 298K
ΔG = ΔH-TΔS
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 15 of 11
 =( -92300) – (298 x −198)

-92300 – (-59004)

ΔG = -33300 Joules

Yes the reaction is spontaneous because ΔG value is negative.

d) For the complex [Co(en)2Cl2] Cl

i. What is the primary valency of Cobalt in the complex? [½]

Primary valency= 3
ii. What is the secondary valency of Cobalt in the complex? [½]
Secondary valency = 6
iii. Draw the structure of this complex. [1]

iv. Write the IUPAC name of the compound. [1]

Dicholorobisethylenediaminecobalt(III)chloride
e) Study the reaction given and answer the following questions
CH3CONH2 + Br2 + 4NaOH ……A….. + 2NaBr +Na2CO3. + 2H2O
i) Write the IUPAC name of the product A. [1/2]
Methanamine
ii) What is the name of this reaction? [1/2]
Hoffman bromamide Degradation
iii) What is the significance of this reaction? [ 1]
This reaction is used to convert higher member of a family to lower homologue.
e) Write one difference between the order of reaction and molecularity of a reaction. [1]
Any One
Molecularity of a reaction Order of reaction
Differences
i Molecularity is the number of molecules i It is the sum of exponents to which the
or ions taking part in a single step concentration terms are raised in the rate
chemical reaction equation.
ii It is always a whole number ii It may be a whole number or a fraction.
iii It is never zero iii It may be zero.
iv It is purely a theoretical value determined iv It is an experimental value determined
from the balanced single step reaction. from rate equation.
v Molecularity of a complex reactions has v Order is same for the whole reaction, no
no meaning. It is expressed for each matter it is simple or a complex one
elementary step.

Question 8

a) An acid extracted from ants is more soluble in water than an acid extracted from vinegar. Justify.[1]

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 16 of 11
 HCOOH (acid extracted from ants) is more soluble in water than CH3COOH (acid extracted from
vinegar), because CH3COOH contains one alkyl(methyl) group which is hydrophobic in nature.
b) Why is consuming skimmed milk preferred over unskimmed milk? [2]
This is because unskimmed milk do not contain( cream) saturated fat while unskimmed milk contains
saturated fat. The saturated fat increases the level of LDL cholesterol in our body and promotes the
blockages of arteries in our heart and other parts of the body
c) The ionic product of pure neutral water (Kw) at 373 K (100 0C) is 51.3 x 10-14 mol2L-2.
Based on this information answer the following questions.
i) Calculate the concentration of hydronium and hydroxyl ions present in this water at 373K. [1]
For neutral water H+ =OH-
[H+] 2 = Kw
H+ = √𝐾𝑤
H+ =OH-= 7.162x 10-7 M
ii) Calculate the pH of boiling water. [1]
pH = -log H+
= - log 7.162x 10-7
= 6.1
iii) Will this water be acidic, basic or neutral at the same temperature? Justify your answer. [1]
Water will be neutral at this temperature because H+ =OH-
d) Draw and explain the Mass spectrum of ethyl chloride taking the fragment ions with the second
lowest value as the base peak. [ 2]

e) Complete the following nuclear equations. [2]

i) 13Al27 (α, n)
13Al + 2He → 15P + 0n
27 4 30 1

ii) 7N14 (α, P)

7N
14
+ 2He4 → 8O17

Question 9
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 17 of 11
 a) Explain conjugate acid-base pair with the help of a relevant example. [2]

Pair of substances which differ from one another by a proton. -OR

An acid and base pair which can be formed from each other by the gain or loss of proton

HCl + H2O 
 H3O+ + Cl- OR any relevant example -

Acid base

HCl is an acid and its conjugate base is Cl-. H2O is a base and its conjugate acid is H3O+.

b) Define Cryoscopic constant of a solvent and write its unit. [1]

It is the depression of freezing point of a solution containing one mole of solute in one kilogram of
solvent.
c) Miss. Sonam, running a bakery shop plans to prepare sweet ice cubes from sugar solution. What
weight of sugar (sucrose) should she dissolve in every 0.5kg of water so that the solution freezes in the
form of cubes inside the refrigerator with a temperature maintained at – 0.450C? (Given Cryoscopic
constant of water is 1.8.JK-1Mol-1 ) [2]
ΔTb = freezing pt.solvent – freezing pt. of solution.
= 00C - - 0.450C
= 0 + 0.45
= 0.450C
w=?
m = 342
W = 0.5 kg
𝑤 1000
𝛥𝑇𝑏 = 𝐾𝑓 × × .½
𝑚 𝑊

𝑤 1000
0.45 = 1.8 × × .1
342 500
OR

𝑤 1
0.45 = 1.8 × ×
342 0.5
w = 42.75 gram answer 1 + unit ½

d) Phenolphthalein is an example of acid – base indicator.

i) What changes do you observe when few drops of phenolphthalein are added in the following
solutions?
A. Acidic solution [1]
No changes ½

B. Basic solution
DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 18 of 11
Solution turns Pink ½
ii) Explain the action of phenolphthalein in each of the above solutions to support your observation. [2]
In aqueous solution, it dissociates as follows.

…½
In acidic medium, due to common (H+ ions), the dissociation of HPh is suppressed……………..½
Due to this effect, the equilibrium shifts towards the left resulting in the negligible amount of Ph- ions in
the solution. Hence the solution is colourless…………………………………………1
In basic medium, the presence OH- ions enhances the dissociation of HPh due to combination of
H+(from HPh) with OH-(from base) to form water. …………………………………………..½
The equilibrium shifts towards the right producing more Ph- ions. Hence the solution is pink…½
e) Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is used as the reference electrode to determine the standard
electrode potential of a given electrode.
i) Draw a simple diagram of it with proper labeling. [1]

ii) If SHE is coupled with electrode ‘Z’ to construct a galvanic cell, then write the redox reaction
between them.( Given that EZ02+/Z = −0.44v ) [1]

Z + 2H+ Z 2+ + 2H(H2)

BEST OF LUCK

DHSS/2022/CHE/TE/12/MC Page 19 of 11