S Gen Lightning 00

STANDARD TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRIC WORKS
Earthing/Lightning
Lightning Protection System
Group: General Earthing/Lightning

Subject: Lightning Protection System
0 JAN 2022 First Issue

Rev. Date Description/issued for
Client: ADDC/ AADC

STANDARD TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION WORKS
Title: LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 1 of: 15
INDEX
1 SCOPE.............................................................................................................................. 3
2 APPLICATION FIELD .................................................................................................. 3
3 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ....................................................................................... 3
3.1 ADDC/AADC specifications ............................................................................................ 3
3.2 Reference standards........................................................................................................... 3
3.3 Regulation and Law........................................................................................................... 4
4 SERVICE CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 4
5 TECHNICAL FEATURES AND DEFINITION .......................................................... 5
5.1 lightning protection level - LPL ........................................................................................ 5
5.2 lightning protection system - LPS ..................................................................................... 6
5.3 Risk - R.............................................................................................................................. 6
5.4 Tolerable Risk – RT ........................................................................................................... 6
5.5 surge protective device - SPD ........................................................................................... 6
5.6 lightning electromagnetic impulse - LEMP ...................................................................... 6
5.7 LEMP protection measures - SPM .................................................................................... 6
6 CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN REQUIREMENT ................................................. 7
6.1 Design Process .................................................................................................................. 7
6.1.1 Lighting Threat .................................................................................................................. 7
6.1.2 Lighting risk ...................................................................................................................... 8
6.1.3 Protective measures ......................................................................................................... 10
6.2 LPS common practice ..................................................................................................... 10
6.2.1 External lightning protection ........................................................................................... 11
6.2.2 Internal lightning protection ............................................................................................ 11
7 TESTING AND INSPECTION .................................................................................... 13
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 13
7.2 Factory Tests ................................................................................................................... 13
7.2.1 Type Tests ....................................................................................................................... 13
7.2.2 Sample Tests.................................................................................................................... 14
7.2.3 Routine Tests ................................................................................................................... 14
7.3 Site Test ........................................................................................................................... 14
8 QUALITY AND CERTIFICATION ........................................................................... 15
8.1 Documentation supplied during the tender...................................................................... 15
8.2 Document to be supplied after the order ......................................................................... 15
9 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND LOGISTIC ISSUES ............................................... 15
10 EXCEPTIONS ............................................................................................................... 15
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

1 SCOPE
The scope of this specification is to provide the technical requirements for the design,
manufacturing, inspection, factory tests, packing, shipping, delivery to site of conductors and all
accessories for the lightning protection system.
2 APPLICATION FIELD
This specification refers to the lightning protection system of the substations in the distribution
network of ADDC/ AADC companies.
3 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
The list of the reference documents is indicated in the following paragraphs.
In case of discrepancy between these specifications and any of the applicable Codes and Standards,
the following order of precedence shall apply:
1) ADDC/AADC specifications
2) applicable reference standards
3) other documents.
The Supplier shall note that compliance with the provision of these specifications does not relieve
him from his responsibility to supply the equipment and accessories of proper design, electrically
and mechanically suited to meet the operating guarantees at the specified service conditions.
3.1 ADDC/AADC specifications
The following internal specifications are provided in table 1.
Table 1 List of ADDC/AADC specifications
S-GEN-SER S-GEN-NET
S-GEN-EARTH
3.2 Reference standards
The last edition of the standards mentioned in Table 2 that shall be take in consideration.
Table 2 List of standards
Standard Description
IEC 62305 -1 Protection against lightning - Part 1: General principles
IEC 62305 -2 Protection against lightning - Part 2: Risk management
IEC 62305 -3 Protection against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
IEC 62305 -4 Protection against lightning - Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within structures
IEC 62561 -1 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 1: Requirements for connection
components
IEC 62561 -2 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 2: Requirements for conductors
and earth electrodes
IEC 62561 -3 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 3: Requirements for isolating
spark gaps (ISG)
IEC 62561 -4 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 4: Requirements for conductor
fasteners
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

IEC 62561 -5 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 5: Requirements for earth
electrode inspection housings and earth electrode seals
IEC 62561 -6 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 6: Requirements for lightning
strike counters (LSC)
IEC 62561 -7 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 7: Requirements for earthing
enhancing compounds
IEC 62561 -8 Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 8: Requirements for
components for isolated LPS
ANSI/UL 467 Grounding and Bonding Equipment
IEEE Std 998 Guide for direct lightning stroke – Shielding of substation
IEEE Std 1692 Guide for the protection of communication installations from lightning effects
3.3 Regulation and Law
All works shall be in accordance with the following Regulation and laws:
• Regulation and Supervision Bureau Water, Wastewater and Electricity Sector Emirate of Abu Dhabi
Emirate – The Electricity Wiring Regulations – revision 2014
The prescription included in the Regulations and Law shall prevail on all other international
standards mentioned in paragraph 3.2.
4 SERVICE CONDITIONS
The service conditions are specified in S-GEN-SER, in case something is not or not properly
specified regarding the service conditions, the Reference Standards prescriptions shall be
considered.
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

5 TECHNICAL FEATURES AND DEFINITION
5.1 lightning protection level - LPL

Number related to a set of lightning current parameters values relevant to the probability
that the associated maximum and minimum design values will not be exceeded in naturally
occurring lightning.
According to IEC 62305-1, four different LPL classes are foreseen from I to IV.
Table 3 shows the maximum values of lightning parameters for calculation purposes only (not for
testing) for each LPL class.
Table 3 Maximum lightning parameters (from IEC 62305-1)
First positive impulse LPL
Current parameters Symbol Unit I II III IV
Peak current I kA 200 150 100
Impulse charge QSHORT C 100 75 50
Specific energy W/R MJ/Ω 10 5.6 2.5
Time parameters T1/T2 µs/µs 10/350
First negative impulse LPL
Peak current I kA 100 75 50
Average steepness di/dt kA/µs 100 75 50
Time parameters T1/T2 µs/µs 1/200
Subsequent impulse LPL
Peak current I kA 50 37.5 25
Average steepness di/dt kA/µs 200 150 100
Time parameters T1/T2 µs/µs 0.25/100
Long stroke LPL
Long stroke charge QLONG C 200 150 100
Time parameter TLONG s 0.5
Flash LPL
Flash charge QFLASH C 300 225 150
Table 4 is showing the minimum values of lightning parameters and associated rolling sphere
radius for each LPL class.
Table 4 Minimum lightning parameters (form IEC 62305-1)
Interception criteria LPL
Symbol Unit I II III IV
Minimum peak current I kA 3 5 10 16
Rolling sphere radius r m 20 30 45 60
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

5.2 lightning protection system - LPS
Complete system used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a structure
5.3 Risk - R
Value of probable average annual loss (humans or goods) due to lightning, relative to the
total value (humans or goods) of the structure to be protected
5.4 Tolerable Risk – RT
Maximum value of the risk which can be tolerated for the structure to be protected according to
IEC 62305-2 typical values of tolerable risks are provided in table 5:
Table 5 typical values of tolerable risk (from IEC 62305-2)
Type of loss RT(y-1)
L1 Loss of human life or permanent injuries 10-5
L2 Loss of service to the public 10-3
L3 Loss of cultural heritage 10-4
5.5 surge protective device - SPD
Device intended to limit transient overvoltage’s and divert surge currents; contains at least
one nonlinear component.
5.6 lightning electromagnetic impulse - LEMP
All electromagnetic effects of lightning current via resistive, inductive and capacitive coupling
that create surges and radiated electromagnetic fields
5.7 LEMP protection measures - SPM
Measures taken to protect internal systems against the effects of LEMP
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

6 CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN REQUIREMENT
6.1 Design Process
The Supplier for each installation/substation shall carry out the design of the Lightning system
according to the Reference Standards IEC 62305 Series. The result of the design shall be included
in a detailed report for TAQA/ADDC/AADC approval.
The design process flow is resumed in Figure 1.
Lighting threat IEC 62305-1
Lighting risk IEC 62305-2
Lighting protection
L
LPS SPM
Protection measures IEC 62305- IEC 62305-4

3
Figure 1 - Design process according to IEC 62305-1
6.1.1 Lighting Threat
Unless otherwise specified the Supplier shall consider an LPS class I for design.
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

6.1.2 Lighting risk
Supplier shall perform a Lighting Risk Assessment according to Reference Standard IEC 62305-
2.
In particular for each type of loss (human life, service and human heritage) the associated risks
shall be calculated. The calculated risks shall be compared with the tolerable risk. If the calculated
total risk is higher than the tolerable one, additional protective measures (LPS and/or SPD) shall
be considered in order to decrease the total calculated risk below the tolerable level. Figure 2 is
showing a flow chart of the risk assessment process.
As an alternative, subject to TAQA/ADDC/AADC approval, it is possible to simplify the design
process with a validation of an existing approved design provided that the following conditions
are met:
• The substation to be protected has the same geometrical features than the one considered in the
approved design.
• The risk level considered are the same than the approved design
• The LPL class is the same than the approved design
• The detailed design of the LPS and SPD shall be the same than the approved one
When the substation is installed inside a building owned by a Third Party (i.e.. Distribution
Substation) the lighting protection system design process shall be carried out and made available
by Building Owner. Supplier is responsible to verify the necessary interfaces and connection
points.
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

Identify structure to be protected
Identify types of loss relevant to the structure
For each type of loss, identify and calculate the risk components:
RA, RB, RC, RM, RU, RV, RW, RZ
R>RT No: Structure protected
YES: Protection needed
YES
LPS SPM
installed installed
Calculate new
values of risk NO
components
(RA+RB+RU+
RV)>RT
YES: No: YES:

Install adequate Install adequate Install other
type of LPS SPM protection measures
Figure 2 - Risk assessment process (from IEC 62305-2)

Unless otherwise specified the tolerable risk levels to be considered are the one reported at
paragraph 5.4.
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

6.1.3 Protective measures
The choice and combination of the protective measures to be used is the result of the Risk
assessment phase.
Protective measures may be dived in two different families:
• LPS (according to IEC 62305-3):
o air-termination system;
o down-conductor system;
o earth-termination system;
o lightning equipotential bonding;
o electrical insulation (and hence separation distance) against the external LPS
• PSD (According to IEC 62305-4):
o earthing and bonding measures,
o magnetic shielding,
o line routing,
o isolating interfaces,
o coordinated SPD system.
Air termination position may be studied with different methods:
• Rolling sphere
• Mesh
• Protective angle.
The rolling sphere method is, in any case, the most used and recommended, particularly for
geometrically complicated applications. The radius of the sphere to be considered is reported in
paragraph 5.1.
6.2 LPS common practice
As already mentioned in paragraph 6.1.3 the LPS constituency shall be determined by Supplier
with the risk assessment phase. In any case in the present paragraph some practices coming from
existing installations are mentioned. Those practices shall not be considered as mandatory and
Supplier has the final responsibility to design Lighting Protection system.
General practices:
• Each outdoor steel tank shall be connected to 3 earthing electrodes evenly distributed around the
circumference if it is not connected to the main earthing system.
• Each building roof, civil work, outdoor structure under the responsibility of the Supplier, shall have a
lightning protection system. Typical configurations normally include lightning catching rods and
conductors, down conductors of adequate sizes and sufficient spacing, which shall be connected to the
main earthing system.
• All connections and joints shall be installed mechanically and electrically effective (clamped, screwed,
riveted or welded) in order to suit the local climatic conditions.
• For every building, at least one ring of ground conductors shall be installed and interconnected,
reinforced by an adequate number of potential equalization bars.
• Air termination shall be of copper of not less than 10 mm in diameter and shall have a minimum length
of 0,5 m.
• The earth termination shall be of copper of not less than 10 mm in diameter.
• The copper-clad steel ground rods shall be at least 3 m long and not less than 19 mm in diameter.
• Potential equalization bar shall be of Tinned Copper of the dimension 500 x 50 x 5 mm.
Client: ADDC/ AADC
Title:

6.2.1 External lightning protection
A complete air termination network shall be installed on the surfaces of the roofs. No part of the
roofs shall be more than 10 m away from either the nearest horizontal protective conductor or the
nearest catching rod.
Salient points of the structure shall be incorporated. All metallic projections such as air
conditioning cabins, vent pipes, railings, gutters, steel constructions, antenna, etc. on or above the
surfaces of the roofs shall be connected to the above-mentioned network or shall be used as part
of the protective system.
Spanned conductor shall be used for the lightning protection of lines, substations and external open
switchyard. Should the structures of the lines and substation be metallic, they shall be connected
to the local grounding system.
The protecting system of the building shall be constituted by a copper conductor with a minimum
cross section of 2 AWG, which shall run around the perimeter of the structure to be protected. The
system shall be complete with lightning catching rods installed within 0,5 m of edge of the roof
and with the maximum spacing of 10 m between them. The rods shall have connected to the copper
conductors running around the perimeter of the roof.
The spanned conductors used for the lightning protection shall have a minimum cross section of
2 AWG in copper or 2/0 in ACSR.
Either the overhead spanned conductors or the conductors installed on the edges of structures and
buildings shall be connected to the grounding system with down conductors, in copper, with a
minimum cross section of 2/0 AWG.
Down conductors shall be distributed on the surface of the outside walls of the buildings with same
distance as per the mesh conductors adopted on the roof and all main metal parts near the down
conductors shall be connected thereto. Each down conductor shall be provided with a at least 3 m
long earth guard (copper-clad steel rod) of not less than 19 mm in diameter with test joints placed
in a position that results in easy testing.
The earth-termination system is the continuation of the air termination and down conductors to
discharge the lightning current to earth. A minimum of two dispersion rods shall be used for each
system, with a minimum total length of 5 m of rods installed.
The dispersion rods shall be connected to the main ground dispersion grid through four conductors
with bolted terminals which can be disconnected from the rod, permitting the measure of the
effective resistance of the rod itself, for possible maintenance purpose.
Since the dispersion rods can corrode due to stray currents, corrosive soil and cell formation,
Supplier shall pay some particular attention to the choice of the materials. Hot-dip galvanized steel,
copper-clad steel, bare copper and stainless steel are the more common material used.
6.2.2 Internal lightning protection
Equipotential bonding is required for all electrical installations. All extraneous conductive parts
should be integrated in the protective equipotential bonding system, according to the international
standards.
Equipotential bonding bars shall be a central component of the equipotential. Particularly
important is the connection to the bars of metal shields of electrical and electronic conductors,
metal sheaths of power cables and other metallic parts which do not carry operating currents. The
Client: ADDC/ AADC
Title:

connections of these metallic parts to the bonding bars can be done with isolated copper cables,
with a minimum cross section of 6 mm2.
Equipotential bonding bars shall be copper and have a minimum dimension of 4 x 30 mm. The
connecting isolated conductors shall be bolted to the bonding bars through compression terminal
lugs.
Supplier shall submit the proposed lightning protection to the approval of TAQA/ADDC/AADC.
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

7 TESTING AND INSPECTION
7.1 General
All lightning protection elements/devices shall be tested in the manufacturer’s work as far as
applicable. The Supplier may be required to carry out any one or all of the tests stated in this
specification under witness of TAQA/ADDC/AADC or his representatives.
Testing of the lightning system and components shall be performed in line with this specification
and in accordance with the relevant IEC Standards and other Standards as may be approved by
TAQA/ADDC/AADC.
Acceptance by TAQA/ADDC/AADC’s representative of any equipment shall not relieve the
manufacturer from any of his performance guarantees or from any other obligations.
TAQA/ADDC/AADC reserves the right to perform checks during manufacturing process at any
time or all the times.
It shall be at the discretion of TAQA/ADDC/AADC to witness tests on 100%, or any percentage
quantity of each lot for routine tests, apart from the type tests, wherever called for.
Tests of lightning systems shall comprise factory and site tests.
7.2 Factory Tests
7.2.1 Type Tests

Evidence shall be given that the proposed lightning protection systems under this Specification
shall have been subject to all type tests at an internationally recognized testing station, like KEMA
or equivalent. If deemed necessary, TAQA/ADDC/AADC will decide whether additional tests are
necessary to be performed by the Supplier.
An internationally recognized laboratory shall certify the type test reports.
The Supplier shall submit certified copies of type test certificates covering the proposed lightning
components.
Type tests certificates/reports shall be considered acceptable if they are in compliance with the
relevant Standards and the following:
• Type Tests conducted at an internationally recognized laboratory acceptable to TAQA/ADDC/AADC.
• Type Tests conducted at the manufacturer’s laboratory and witnessed by representatives from an
internationally recognized laboratory acceptable to TAQA/ADDC/AADC.
If the presented type test reports are not in accordance with the above requirements,
TAQA/ADDC/AADC may decide to ask for the type tests to be carried out in the manufacturer’s
premises or other places subject to the approval of TAQA/ADDC/AADC and at no additional cost.
These tests shall be performed in the presence of an internationally recognized laboratory, which
should issue the relevant type test certificates upon successful test.
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

7.2.2 Sample Tests
The sample tests shall be performed in accordance with international and/or the manufacturer
standard accepted by TAQA/ADDC/AADC.
Sample tests shall be performed, by selecting the samples from each lot of lightning protection
system components/material. Sampling shall be as per the international standards.
The tests shall comprise as a minimum the following tests:
• Visual checks and measurements of dimensions
• Earthing/grounding components labelling.
7.2.3 Routine Tests
Lightning protection system equipment shall be subjected to routine tests as per the relevant IEC,
ANSI Standards and/or IEEE recommendation.
Routine test certificates shall be submitted for TAQA/ADDC/AADC’s review and approval before
shipment of the lightning protection systems.
The visual inspection of the lightning protection systems, in order to ensure that all components
are mechanically assembled and fixed properly and that there are no imperfections shall be
performed.
The tests on lightning protection system components and conductors shall include, but not limited
to, the following general inspection, as applicable:
• Tensile strength tests
• Elongation tests
• Conductor resistivity tests
• Dimension measurement
• Surface finish inspection
• Weight of conductor
• General inspection
• Measurement of dimensions.
7.3 Site Test
The site tests, of lightning protection systems/components shall be generally visual inspection.
However, electrical tests related to lightning protection systems, as e.g.: resistance measurements
and insulation/shielding, shall be carried on.
Site test reports shall illustrate all test details, as well as details of all applied testing equipment
and their calibration validity.
The Supplier shall provide sufficient number of experienced test personnel during tests at Site and
shall be present through responsible personnel.
The Supplier shall carry out any additional site test, other than those mentioned in the approved
site test program, if deemed necessary by TAQA/ADDC/AADC`s commissioning engineer, which
may be asked as a result of special experience considerations.
The complete lightning protection systems shall be tested at site as follows:
• Visual inspection of exposed elements
• Measurement of the earth voltage UE by the voltmeter/ ammeter method, test current 100 - 300 A or
an equivalent, approved method if above will be proved to be not feasible
• Measurement of the touch voltage UB.
Client: ADDC/ AADC
Title:

8 QUALITY AND CERTIFICATION
8.1 Documentation supplied during the tender

The documentation supplied by the Supplier during tendering stage shall contain the following
minim elements:
• Preliminary layout of the lightning protection system
• Preliminary list of product and material and their associated technical material
• Method statement for risk assessment
8.2 Document to be supplied after the order
The documentation supplied by the Supplier after the order shall contain the following elements:
• Lighting risk assessment
• Lightning protection system detailed design calculation report
• Detailed layout of the lightning protection system, with connection details
• Final list of product and material with their associated technical documentation
9 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND LOGISTIC ISSUES

The Supplier is responsible for all the delivery procedures and provisions for storage of the
equipment in factory after the tests and until the transport operations.
The supplier shall pack the equipment with a suitable cases and protective measures granting the
safe delivery of the good at the final place of installation.
10 EXCEPTIONS
Possible exceptions to the present prescriptions, concerning the adoption of technical and/or
manufacturing aspects different from the ones prescribed in the present document, can be
evaluated by TAQA/ADDC/AADC.
In such a case, TAQA/ADDC/AADC will take into account the opportunity to require additional
tests with regard to the technical/manufacturing proposed solutions.
Such exceptions can be approved by TAQA/ADDC/AADC.
Client: ADDC/ AADC

Title:

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STANDARD TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRIC WORKS

Group: General Earthing/Lightning

0 JAN 2022 First Issue

Client: ADDC/ AADC

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 2 of: 15

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 3 of: 15

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 4 of: 15

5.1 lightning protection level - LPL

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 5 of: 15

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 6 of: 15

6.1 Design Process

Lighting threat IEC 62305-1

Lighting risk IEC 62305-2

Protection measures IEC 62305- IEC 62305-4

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 7 of: 15

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 8 of: 15

Identify types of loss relevant to the structure

R>RT No: Structure protected

YES: Protection needed

YES: No: YES:

Figure 2 - Risk assessment process (from IEC 62305-2)

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 9 of: 15

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 10 of: 15

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 11 of: 15

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 12 of: 15

7.2.1 Type Tests

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 13 of: 15

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 14 of: 15

8.1 Documentation supplied during the tender

9 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND LOGISTIC ISSUES

Client: ADDC/ AADC

DOCUMENT NO: S-GEN-LIGHTNING-00.DOCX Rev: 0-2022 Sheet: 15 of: 15

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