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05 Corrosion and Its Prevention What Is Meant by Corrosion
05 Corrosion and Its Prevention What Is Meant by Corrosion
4. The galvanic series of metals in seawater; Given the galvanic series which of
two metals will form the anode in a corrosion cell
a. Two different metals form a corrosion cell. Galvanic corrosion is
associated with the coupling of metallic parts of different potential
which consequently form corrosion cells under service conditions
b. The galvanic series of metal is a table, which distinguish corrosion
rate of the metal whether it is passive or active. A passive metal shows
no sign corrosion when its surface is exposed to an electrolyte
solution. The oxide file forming a current barrier on the metal
surface, changing the overall potential of the metal
c. Steel hull with the bronze or nickel alloy propeller; the attachment of
bronze and aluminum alloy fittings; aluminum superstructures to steel
hull
5. Ability to explain the differences in surface condition or in stress
concentration can give rise to corrosion cells between two areas of the same
metal; By what corrosion can be controlled
a. surface condition-
i. metal will be anodic in one area(defective paint work, broken
millscale) and cathodic on the other(well painted plate) due to
different potential, as a result of physical differences on the
metal surface;
ii. corrosion current flowing between anode and cathode, carrying
electrons from anode to cathode; corrosion appear on the
surface of anode
iii. to control- cathodic protection by sacrificial anode
system/impressed current system and protective coating
b. stress concentration-
i. either internal stress or applied stress contribute to corrosion
ii. internal stress is caused by non-uniform cold working is more
dangerous, (ex. cold flanged bracket, aluminum magnesium
alloy)
1. the precipitate at the grain boundaries produced by
excessive cold working, is anodic towards the solid
solution forming the grains of the alloy
2. to controlled- lower the magnesium level to below 5%
6. Ability to explain that cathodic protection can only be used to protect the
underwater hull or ballasted tank
a. Only where the metal is submerged in an electrolyte can be protected
by cathodic protection
b. Cathodic protection uses opposing current to suppress the anodic
corrosion reaction. This superimposed direct electric current enter the
metal at every point, lowering the potential of anode metal of
corrosion cell, thus they become cathode and are protected
9. List common paint vehicles as: drying oils, oleo-resins, alkyd resins,
polymerizing chemicals and bitumen. What is the suitability of each various
applications
a. drying oil(not suitable for underwater service)
i. Consist of mainly of vegetable oil. ex linseed oil; driers are add
to accelerate the drying with oxygen in the surrounding air
b. oleo-resins
i. Consist of natural or artificial resins into drying oils, these
resins may react with the oil to give a faster drying vehicle or
with applied heat to dissolve and cause the oil to produce paint
film
c. alkyd resins(not suitable for underwater service)
i. (alcohols + acid) better performance in drying time and film
forming
d. polymerizing chemicals
i. very good resistance to severe conditions of exposure
ii. epoxy resins (suitable for underwater service)
1. two pack product, (epoxy resin + cold curing agent), slow
curing rate at temperature <10°C
2. very good adhesion with excellent chemical resistance
3. expensive, unwanted side products are removed during
manufacture,
4. the gloss finish tend to chalk, not suitable for external
decorative finishes
iii. coal tar/ epoxy resin
1. two pack product,(coal tar pitch resin + cold curing
agent)
2. some chemical resistance with impermeability of coal tar
iv. polyurethane resin (use only on superstructure on steel ship not
underwater)
1. good in toughness, hardness, gloss, abrasion, chemical
and weather resistance
v. vinyl resin (suitable for underwater service)
1. the solid content is low, dry film is thin, therefore more
coats are required
2. poor adhesion to bare steel surface, pretreatment primer
is required
3. the best underwater protection for steel
e. bitumen
i. simple solutions of bitumen or pitch blended by heat with other
material to form a vehicle