Chapter 1

Effects of Electric Current

PYQ

1. Write the energy change taking place in the given devices.

(a) Incandescent Lamp (1)
(b) Electric Mixie (1)[2021 Final]
2. (a) Name the part of a heating equipment in which the electric
energy is converted into heat energy. (1)
(b) Name the substance used to make this part. (1)
3. Explain the difference between short circuit and overloading. (2)
4. Write any two relevant first aids to be given in the case of electric
shock. (2)
5. 2 A current flows through an electric heating device connected to
230 V supply.
(a) The quantity of charge that flows through the circuit in 5 minutes
is : (1)
(i) 10C
(ii) 60C
(iii) 600C
(iv) 6C
(b) What is the resistance of the device? (1)
(c) Calculate the power of the heating device. (1)
6. Three resistances of 4Ω, 6Ω and 12Ω are given to you.
(a) What is the highest resistance that you can get using all of them ?
(1)
(b) What is the lowest resistance that can be obtained by using the
6Ω and 12Ω resistances? (2)
7. Observe the circuit diagram and answer the questions.

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 (a) Find the effective resistance of the given circuit. (1)
(b) Calculate the current flowing through this circuit. (1)
(c) What is the heat produced in the 100Ω resistance if the current
flows for 10 minutes ? (2)

8. (a) Write the function of a safety fuse in an electric circuit. (1)

(b) Write any two characteristics of fuse wire. (1)
(c) Write any two precautions to be taken while including fuse wire
in a circuit. (2)
9. Write the electrical devices which converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy. (2) (2020 Model)
a) Electric Iron
b) Loud Speaker
c) Soldering Iron
d) Electric Mixie
10. Nichrome wires are used as heating coil. Write any two
reasons for the same. (2)
11. Why does a heater having low resistant heating coil gets
heated more? Explain. (2)
12. The heat generated in a current carrying conductor can be
explained by a famous law.
(a) Write the name of this law. (1)
(b) Write the mathematical equation for this law, explain each letters
used in the equation. (2)
13. Analyse the given circuit.

(a) How are the resistors connected in the above circuit? (1)
(b) What will be the current shown in the Ammeter? (1)
(c) Calculate the current through the resistor 𝑅1 . (1)
14. Observe the figure.

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 (a) Calculate the total resistance in the circuit. [Neglect the
resistance of connection wires] (1)
(b) Calculate the heat generated in this circuit in 5 minutes. (2)
(c) If one more resistance of 50ohms is connected an series what
happen to the heat generation. (1)

15. (a) An electric bulb of 60 W power is connected on 240 V

mains. Write the current through the bulb.
[4 A, 2 A, 1/2 A, 1/4 A]
(b) How is the safety fuse connected in a branch circuit? (1)
(c) Explain the working of a safety fuse. (2)
16. The following table is prepared for comparing the properties
of resistances in different combinations. Rearrange the contents in
each column to match them properly. (2) (2020 March)

17. Specification of two electrical heaters are given below : (3)

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 Heater - A Heater - B

Resistance −690Ω Resistance −460Ω

Working Voltage −230 V Working Voltage - 230 V

(a) Which heater require a fuse of higher amperage ?

(b) Which of the heaters generate more heat when they work
for 5 minutes under the same voltage rating ? Explain the
reason.

18. Identify the relationship in the first pair and complete the
second one. (1) (2020 Model)
Storage battery [while charging] - Chemical effect
……………………….. - Heating effect
19. Which of the following is not representing the power of an
electric circuit? (1)

2 2
V2
[P = I R; P = VI; P = IR ; P = ]
R

20. Suppose you have to replace an incandescent lamp at your

house. Following lamps are available. (2)
Incandescent lamp, CFL, LED, Fluorescent lamp
Which of these lamp would you select ? Justify your selection.
21. Analyse the figure and answer the following questions.

(a) If the switch 𝑆1 is on, which bulb will glow? How much
current is flowing through the
fuse at this time? (2)

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 (b) If both the switches are on, what changes can be observed
in the circuit? Justify your
answer. (2)

22. Answer the following questions about the incandescent lamps.

(2)
a) What is the reason for filling of an inert gas / nitrogen in an
incandescent lamp?
b) Write any two properties of Tungsten that make it suitable for
being used as a filament?
23. Three resisters are given. There values are of 2Ω, 3Ω and 6Ω.
(2020 Second Term)
a) Find out the maximum resistance that can be made with all these
three in a circuits. (1)
b) Illustrate how to setup a circuit with 4.5Ω, effective rosistane
using all three given resistances (2Ω, 39,6Ω). (2)
24. Identify the relation in the first word pair and fill the second
pair suitably.
(1) (2020 First Term)
electric bulb : : lighting effect
safety fuse ::
25. The work done to move a charge of 2 coulomb between two
points X and Y in a conductor is 2 J. Calculate the potential
difference between X and Y ? (1)
26. Which among the following is the energy transformation
taking place when a storage battery is being charged? (1)
a) chemical energy to electrical energy.
b) electrical energy to heat energy.
c) electrical energy to chemical energy.
d) magnetic energy to electrical energy.
27. Resistance of a 230 V heating device is 460Ω. Calculate the
heat energy produced by it in 10 minutes. (2)
28. Safety fuse is the device which protects the electric circuit and
electrical appliances at our home. How does the safety fuse ensure
safety of electrical devices? Explain. (2)

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29. "The use of a LED bulb should be encouraged as to support
energy conservation and environment protection." Express your
response to this statement. (2)
30. Power of a 200 V electrical device is 500 W.
a) Calculate the electric current through this device? (2)
b) What will be the amperage of the fuse wire suitable for this
device? (1)
(2 A, 2.5 A, 3 A)
c) Find the resistance of the device? (1)
31. Filament lamp is a device working on lighting effect of electric
current.
a) Which material is used to make the filament? (1)
b) Write any four characteristic properties of this material? (2)
32. 2 A current flows through an electrical device of resistance
120Ω.
a) Calculate power of the device? (2)
b) What changes to be done in the device to increase the power of
the device without changing potential difference? (1)
33. A 12 V battery is connected to 10Ω and 15Ω resistors which
are connected parallel.
a) Draw a circuit diagram including an ammeter and switch to the
above. (2)
b) What will be the resultant resistance of this circuit? (1)
c) Calculate the total intensity of current in the circuit? (1)
34. Statements associated with the working of a filament lamp
and discharge lamp are given below.
a) Arrange these statements in the correct order. (2)

• Molecules reach normal energy level and attain stability

• Maintain high potential difference.
• Radiant energy is emitted as light.
• Gas molecules attain high energy levels..
b) Write any two advantages of discharge lamps over filament lamp.
(1)
c) Explain why nitrogen is filled in filament lamps. (1)

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35. Filaments in the bulbs A, B and C are of the same thickness,
different lengths and made up of the same material. These bulbs
work in the same potential difference.

a) Which bulb will be more bright when these are in same potential
difference. Justify your answer. (2)
b) What changes will be observed in the brightness of the bulbs
when a current is passed through a series of combination of these
bulbs? Give the reason for this observation. (2)
36. Identify the relation in the first word pair and fill the second
pair suitably. (1) (2022 1st Term)
Tungsten: Incandescent lamp
……………..: Electric iron
37. How is the fuse wire connected to a circuit? (1)
(series/ parallel)
38. The amperage of the fuse wire used in a device that works on
230 V is 2.2 A. The recommended power of the device is ………(1)
a) less than 300 W
b) 300 W
c) 500 W
d) More than 600 W

39. Which is the correct circuit? (1)

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40. Safety fuse is the device which protects the electrical
appliances at our home. How does the safety fuse ensure safety of
electrical devices? Explain. (2)
41. Calculate the effective resistance when 2Ω, 12Ω and 4Ω
resistors are connected in parallel? (2)
42. How many resistors of 110Ω should be connected in parallel
to get 4 A current from a 220 V supply? (2)
43. Arrange the following statements in the given table.
a. When number of resistors increases effective resistance increases.
b. When number of resistors increases effective resistance decreases.
c. Potential difference is the same for all the resistors.
d. Potential difference will be divided in accordance with the value
of resistors.
Resistors in Resisters in
Series Parallel

44. Match the terms in the columns A, B and C suitably. (3)

45. A 230 V, 115 W filament lamp works in a circuit for 10

minute.
a. What is the current flowing through the bulb? (2)
b. How much is the quantity of charge that flows through the bulb in
10 minutes. (1)
46. The marking on an electric appliance is 800 W, 200 V
a. What do you mean by power? (1)
b. What will be the power of the device if it works on 100 V ? (2)
47. Observe the circuit given below.

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 a. Identify the type of arrangement of resistors in the given circuit.
(1)
b. Calculate the effective resistance in the circuit. (1)
c. Calculate potential difference across the 4Ω resistor. (2)
48. Three resistors 4Ω, 8Ω, and 12Ω are given.
a. What is the least resistance that can be obtained by combining all
of them?
b. Draw the circuit showing combination of above three resistors to
get an effective resistance of 6Ω.
49. An electric heater of 1000Ω works on a 230 V supply,
a. Write down the energy change taking place in the electric heater.
(1)
b. Which law helps to find the quantity of heat generated in an
electric heater? (1)
c. Calculate the electrical energy consumed when heater works for
three hours? (2)

SOLUTION

1. (a) Electric energy , Light energy

(b) Electric energy Mechanical energy.
2. (a) Heating coil (b) Nichrome
3. OVERLOADING of an electric circuit means when current flows in
a circuit it becomes more than the capacity of components in the

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 circuit to resist the current. When too much current passes an electric
overload occurs through electric wires.
Short Circuit ‐A short circuit is simply a low resistance connection
between the two conductors supplying electrical power to any
circuit. This results in excessive current flow.
4. Raise the temperature of the body by massaging.
Give artificial respiration if needed.

5. (a) (iii) Electric charge Q = Current × Time

Q = It
= 2 × 5 × 60 = 600C
𝑉
(b) R = = 115Ω
𝐼
(c) P = IV = 460 W

6. (a) 4 + 6 + 12 = 22 Ω (Series connection)

1 1 1
(b) + = (Parallel connection)
6 12 4
Effective 𝑅 = 4Ω
7. a. effective resistance = R1 + R2 = 100 + 15 = 115Ω
b. Current, I = V/R = 230/115 = 2 A
c Heat, H = I 2 Rt,
= 4 × 100 × 600 = 240000 J
8. a. Safety fuse is a device which protects us and the appliances from
danger. When the current that flows into the circuit exceeds the
permissible limit, the heat generated becomes excessive.
b. Fuse wire is an alloy of tin and lead and it has low melting point.
c. The ends of the fuse wire must be connected with the screws in
the plug. The fuse wire should not project out of the carrier base.
9. Loudspeaker, Electric mixie
10. High resistivity, High melting point
11. Heater having low resistant heating coil allow to pass more
current through it. Current increases and more heat is produced.
The split ring has the function of reversing the current to
maintain the force in same direction so as to complete full rotation
of armature.
12. Joule's law H = I 2 Rt

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 13. Parallel
I = V/R = 12/6 = 2 A
I1 = 12/10 = 1.2 A

14. R = 115ohm
H = 138000 J
Resistance increases, total current decreases then heat decreases.
15. 1/4𝐴‾
Safety fuse connected in series
When an excessive current flow in the circuit, it generates heat in the
circuit which leads to melt the fuse due to its low melting point, and
it also opens the circuit. A fuse acts as a circuit breaker and breaks
the circuit in case any fault occurs in the circuit.
16.

17. a. Heater B
𝑉2
b. H = t
𝑅
Heater A : V = 230 V, R = 690Ω, t = 5 × 60 = 300 s
230 × 230 × 5 × 60
H= = 23000 J
690
Heater B: V = 230 V, R = 460Ω, t = 5x60 = 300 s
230 × 230 × 5 × 60
H= = 34500 J
460
The intensity of electric current flows through heater B is more than that in
the heater A. Hence heater B produces more heat.

18. Iron box/soldering iron

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19. P=IR2
20. LED.
- Low power consumption
- Less energy loss
- Doesn't cause pollution
21. a. Lamp B1
𝑃 200 20
Current (I) = = = = 0.87 A
𝑉 300 23
b. When both switches are on, the current in the circuit will be
2 × 0.87 = 1.74 A As the amperage in fuse is 1 A,the fuse wire will
melt and break the circuit.
22. a. For increasing longevity of lamp by avoiding oxidation and
evapouration of filament.
b. i. Ability to release white light when it is being heated.
ii. High melting point/high resistivity.
23. a. R = 2+3+6 = 11Ω
b.

24. Heating effect

25. Given that
Q = 2C
W=2J

We know that

W = QV
𝑊
V=
𝑄
2
= 1 volt
2
26. C. Electrical energy to chemical energy
𝑉 2𝑡
H=
27. 𝑅
69000 J

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28. • The main part of safety fuse is the fuse wire
• The melting point of fuse wire is very low
• During overloading or short circuit over current conduct through
the fuse wire
• According to Jule's law Heat production increases with
current(H=I2Rt)
• The fuse wire get melt and Brocken
• The excess power do not effect the home and home apliances
29. The statement is true
 LED consumes Low power and produce large amount of light
 We can repair or recycle the LED
 there is no harm full elements to nature
 there no power loss
30. a. P = IV
P 500
𝐼 = =
V 200
= 2.5 A
b. 2.5 A
c.

𝑉2
R =
𝑃
R = 200 × 200/500
= 80Ω
31. a. Tungsten
b.
i. Provide light when get hot
ii. Heigh melting point
iii. Heigh resistivity
iv. Heigh ductility
32. a. P = I 2 R
= 22 × 120 = 480 W

b. Resistance (R) decrease

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33. a)

b. Effective resistance R = R1. R2/(R1 + R2) =

10 × 15(10 + 15) = 150/25 = 6Ω
c. Current intensity 𝐼 = 𝑉/𝑅 = 12/6 = 2𝐴

34. a.  Provide heigh potential difference

 Gaseous molecules obtain heigh energy levels
 Energy radiated in the form of light
 Molecules returns to initial energy level
b. Power loss is low
Long lasting
c. To prevent the vaporisation

35. a. Bulb B If the potential difference is same the bulb with low
resistance glow with maximum brightness. Here the length of the
filament in bulb B is less than that of others. As the length of the
filament decreases the resistance also decreases. Hence current
through it increases.
b. When the current is passed through a series combination of these
bulbs the bulb C will glow with maximum brightness. Because in
series connection the current is same for all the bulbs hence the
power dissipation is proportional to the resistance of the bulb. Hence
the bulb with high resistance glow with maximum brightness
according to

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 P = I2 R. The resistance is directly proportional to the length of the
conductor. So the bulb C will bright with maximum intensity
36. Nichrome
37. Series
38. 500 W
39. Circuit a
40. During the entire time of the passing of the current through a
circuit, a small amount of heat is generated in the fuse wire. But this
heat will be transmitted to the surroundings. When the current that
flows into the circuit exceeds the permissible limit, the heat
generated becomes excessive. Since more heat is generated in unit
time than the heat transmitted, the fuse wire melts and broken due to
its low melting point. Thus it prohibits further flow of electric
current.
1 1 1 1
= + +
R R1 R2 R3
1 1 1 6+1+3 10
41. = + + = =
2 12 4 12 12
12
R = = 1.2Ω
10
V 220
42. R= = = 55Ω
I 4
r r 110
R= ∴n= = =2
n R 55
2 resistors of 110Ω
43.

Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel

a) When number of resistors increases b) When number of resistors increases

effective resistance increases effective resistance decreases

d) Potential difference will be divided

c) Potential difference is same for all
in accordance with the values of
the resistors
resistors

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44.

45. a) P = VI V = 230 V P = 115 W t = 10 minute = 10x60 =

600 s
P 115
I= = = 0.5 A
V 230
𝑄
b) 𝐼 = 𝑄 = 𝐼 × 𝑡 = 0.5 × 600 = 300C
𝑡
46. a) The amount of energy consumed by an electrical appliance
w
in unit time is its power. P =
t
b) P = 800 W V = 200 V
V2
P=
R
V 2 200 × 200 400
R= = = = 50Ω
P 800 8
New power,

V = 100 V
V 2 100 × 100
P= = = 200 W
R 50
47. a) Series
b) 4 + 2 = 6Ω
c) Total current in the circuit
V
I =
R
6
= =1A
6
Potential difference across 4Ω, V = I × R

=1×4=4V

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48.
1 1 1 1
a) = + +
R R1 R 2 R 3
1 1 1 6 + 3 + 2 11
= + + = =
4 8 12 24 24
24
R= = 2.18Ω
11

b)

49. a) Electrical energy → Heat energy

b) Joule's law
V2
c) P =
R
230 × 230 52900
= = 52.9 W
1000 1000
power in watt 𝑥 time in hour
Consumed electrical energy =
1000
52.9 × 3
=
1000
= .1587 unit
V2 230×230×3×60×60
Heat energy liberated H = ×t= =
R 1000
571320 J

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