Post Lecture Activity 2: Acids and Bases

donor while a Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton

1. A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton ________,
acceptor
________.

electrons
2. A reaction mechanism utilizes curved arrows to show the flow of _____________ that
account for a chemical reaction.

two curved arrows.

3. The mechanism of proton transfer always involves at least _____

low pKa, while a weak acid has a _____

4. A strong acid has a _____ high pKa.

stability of conjugate bases.

5. There are four factors to consider when comparing the ___________

stabilized negative
6. The equilibrium of an acid-base reaction always favors the more ____________
charge.

acceptor while a Lewis base is an electron-pair

7. A Lewis acid is an electron-pair ___________,
donor
_________.

Draw the Conjugate Base of the following:

+
10. H3O
−¿¿
8. C 6 H 10 O Cyclohexanone 9. NH3
anion N H2
−¿¿
H2O

Draw the Conjugate Acid of the following:

11. 12. 13.

14. Compound A has a pKa of 7 and compound B has a pKa of 10. Compound A is how many
times more acidic than compound B? Defend you answer.

(a) 3 (b) 3000 (c) 1000

To determine how many times more acidic Compound A is than Compound B, we can
compare their acid dissociation constants (Ka) directly. The relationship between p K a and K a
is given by the equation: p K a=−log K a ; Given that p K a ( A )=7 ; p K a ( B ) =10, we simply
compare by calculating the difference in their p K a values: p K a ( A )− p K a ( B )=7−10=−3.
Therefore, since the difference is -3, we can say that Compound A is 103=1,000 times more
acidic than Compound B.
Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base:

15.

Ethanol Carbocation
(Lewis Base) (Lewis Acid)
16.

Ethanol Boron trifluoride (BF3)

(Lewis Base) (Lewis Acid)
17.

Ethyl chloride Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

(Lewis Base) (Lewis Acid)

Write an equation for the proton transfer reaction that occurs when each of the following acids
reacts with water. In each case, draw curved arrows that show a mechanism for the proton
transfer.

18. 19.
In each case below, identify the acid and the base. Then draw the curved arrows showing a
proton transfer reaction. Draw the products of that proton transfer and then predict the position of
equilibrium:

20.

Acetic Acid Lithium hydroxide

(Acid) (Base)
21.

n-Butyllithium Water
(Base) (Acid)
22.

2,4 – Pentanedione
or Acetylacetone Sodium Hydroxide
(Acid) (Base)