“A Study on Business Strategies of Tata Power

and Reliance Power in Solar Power Sector ‘’

submitted to

H. & G. H. Mansukhani Institute of

Management in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for Master in
Management Studies

By
SHILPA SUBHASH TAYADE
Roll No:88
Specialization: Finance
Batch: 2021 - 2023

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Krishika Chandwani

 H. & G. H. Mansukhani Institute of
Management Ulhasnagar

GENERAL MANAGEMENT

Student’s Declaration

I hereby declare that this report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of
MMS Degree of University of Mumbai to H. & G. H. Mansukhani Institute of
Management. This is my original work and is not submitted for award of any degree
or diploma or for similar titles or prizes.

Name : Shilpa Subhash Tayade

Class : SY MMS

Roll No. : 88

Place : Ulhasnagar

Date :

Students Signature :

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Chapter No. Particulars Page

No.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4
CHAPTER - 1 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 5 – 14

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR POWER 5-6

1.2 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MARKET SIZE 7-9

OF THE SECTOR

1.3 MARKET LEADERS AND VARIOUS PLAYERS 10-14

CHAPTER 2- REVIEW OF LITERATURE 15-21

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22

3.1 OBJECTIVES 22

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 22

3.3 TYPES OF DATA 22

CHAPTER – 4 COMPANY 1 - TATA POWER 23-34

4.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 23-28

4.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO OF TATA POWER 29

4.3 KEY FINANCIALS OF TATA POWER 30

4.4 GROWTH STRATEGIES 31-32

4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 33-34

CHAPTER – 5 COMPANY 2 - RELIANCE POWER 35-55

5.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 35-37

5.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO OF RELIANCE POWER 38-43

5.3 KEY FINANCIALS A. INCOME OF COMPANY 44

5.4 MARKETING STRATEGIES 45-48

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 5.5 GROWTH STRATEGIES 49-50

5.6 SWOT ANALYSIS 51-52

5.7 PESTEL ANALYSIS OF SOLAR SECTOR 53-55

CHAPTER 6 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS 56-58

STRATEGIES

CHAPTER 7 FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 59

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 Executive Summary

The project is on "Analysis of solar power sector on Tata power and Reliance power
limited" the entire project is divided into 3 main parts.

First part contains all the general information regarding solar power sector, trends and

developments of sector, leading market players, etc

Second part includes information about two companies - Tata Power and reliance power
limited. It includes company's history, its mission vision and values, products of
company, business strategies and SWOT analysis.

Third part includes findings of project, suggestion and conclusion of project.

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 CHAPTER 1 - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

1.1 Introduction to solar power

Since the beginning of time, people have been fascinated by the sun. Ancient
civilizations personified the sun, worshipping it as a God or Goddess. Throughout
history, farming and agriculture efforts have relied upon the sun's rays to grow crops
and sustain populations. Only recently, however, have we developed the ability to
harness the sun's awesome power.

The resulting technologies have promising implications for the future of renewable
energy and sustainability. Below, we've given a brief on solar power, how it works, and
what may be in store for the future of solar.

❖ What is Solar Power?

Solar power is a form of energy harnessed from the power and heat of the sun's rays. It
is renewable, and therefore a "green" source of energy.

❖ How Does it Work?

The most common way of harnessing energy from the sun is through photovoltaic (PV)
panels- those large, mirror-like panels you've likely seen on rooftops, handheld solar
devices, and even spacecrafts. These panels operate as conductors, taking in the sun's
rays, heating up, and creating energy (and electricity).

On a larger scale, solar thermal power plants also harness the power of the sun to create
energy. These plants utilize the sun's heat to boil water and, in turn, power steam
turbines. These plants can supply power to thousands of people.

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 ❖ How is Solar Power a "Greener" Option?

Just like wind power (link to blog), solar power is a virtually unlimited and
inexhaustible resource (unlike power produced from expendable fossil fuels). As
technologies improve and the materials used in PV panels become "greener," the carbon
footprint of solar power becomes smaller and smaller and the technique becomes more
accessible to the masses.

❖ What's the Holdup? Why Isn't Solar Power More Prevalent?

Similarly to wind power, solar power is contingent upon the weather and the amount of
sunshine present in a specific location. This means that geographical areas lacking in
sunlight, or areas that frequently experience cloudy weather, may have difficulty
utilizing solar power effectively.

Additionally, solar power is an expensive endeavor. The technologies often require a

large amount of land, and they can be extremely costly. Scientists are hard at work to
find an affordable, efficient solution for harnessing solar power.

❖ Facts

➢ Every hour, the sun beats down with enough power to provide global energy for
an entire year.

➢ It takes an average of eight minutes for energy to travel from the sun to the
Earth.

➢ Scientists have used solar energy to power spaceships since 1958.

➢ Most solar panels used today have an average life expectancy of between 20-
40 years.

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 ❖ Why to adapt solar energy:

➢ To Bridge the Gap between Demand and Supply

➢ Adequate quantity of Solar Energy available in India

➢ Solar Energy is Environment friendly

1.2 Trends and developments in the market size of the sector

❖ Solar Energy Market Outlook - 2026

The global solar energy market was valued at $52.5 billion in 2018 and is projected to
reach $223.3 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 20.5% from 2019 to 2026.

Solar energy is the radiant energy emitted from the sun, which is harnessed by using
various technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaic cells, and others. It is an
efficient form of unconventional energy and a convenient renewable solution toward
growing greenhouse emissions and global warming.

The growth of the solar energy market is driven by increase in environmental pollution
and provision of government incentives & tax rebates to install solar panels. In addition,
decrease in water footprint associated with solar energy systems has fueled their
demand in power generation sectors. The demand for solar cells has gained major
traction owing to surge in rooftop installations, followed by increase in applications in
the architectural sector. Furthermore, the demand for parabolic troughs and solar power
towers in electricity generation is expected to boost the demand for concentrated solar
power systems.

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This global solar energy market size is segmented based on technology, application,
component, marketing channel and region. Depending on technology, the market is
classified as photovoltaic systems and concentrated solar power systems (parabolic
trough, solar power tower, Fresnel reflectors and dish Stirling). As per solar module, it
is segregated into monocrystalline, polycrystalline, cadmium telluride, amorphous
silicon cells and others. Based on application, it classified into residential, commercial
and industrial. Depending on end use, the market is classified into electricity generation.
lighting, heating and charging. Based on region, it is analysed across North America
(U.S., Canada, and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, UK and rest of
Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and rest of Asia-
Pacific), and LAMEA (Brazil, South Africa, Israel, and rest of LAMEA).

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Emerging economies such as China and Japan have significantly increased the
production of solar technologies owing to governmental tariffs and merger &
acquisition of local manufacturers. Moreover, North America and Europe have largely
focused on researches to maximize the solar potential. Middle East and Africa have
also gained traction owing to increase in applications of solar energy for power
generation, agriculture, and architecture.

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1.3 Market leaders and various players
1. Loom Solar

Loom Solar is a growing solar company with a huge online presence. It is

headquartered in Faridabad, Haryana. Loom Solar provides latest solar products such
as solar systems, solar panels, solar inverters and solar chargers; delivery and
installation across India within three days; and hassle-free government approvals for
subsidy, net metering. The company has also started manufacturing their own range of
solar panels.

2. Vikram Solar

Vikram Solar is a manufacturer of PV solar modules headquartered in Kolkata, West

Bengal. It is a part of the Vikram Group of companies, having an experience of more
than four decades in engineering and manufacturing activities. Vikram Solar's rated
annual solar module production capacity is upgraded to 1 GW. Vikram Solar has
offices across the whole of India and global offices in Europe and Africa.

3. Tata Solar

Tata Solar has one of the biggest and oldest solar panel manufacturing operations in
India. Tata Solar is engaged in manufacturing and providing EPC services. The
company has a strong presence in industrial, commercial, both on-grid and off- grid
solar projects, and residential segments. Tata Solar has shipped close to 1.4 GW of
solar modules worldwide and installed 1.5 GW of utility scale and 200 MW of
rooftop solar projects in India, in the past 20 years.

1. Leading Company Reputation

2. Large In-House Manufacturing Base

3. Tata is a reputed brand; TATA Solar stands a good chance to serve the 25- year
service warranty that comes with its panels.

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4. LG India

LG IN Solar Panels for Business brings world class engineering, design and
manufacturing under one great brand for exceptional performance for businesses.

5. Waaree

With 29 years of industry experience, Waaree Solar is one of India's largest vertically
integrated solar companies. The company has a 1.5 GW solar panel manufacturing unit
in Surat, India. Waaree has its presence in over 280+ locations nationally and 68
countries internationally. The company has an experience in providing EPC services,
project development, rooftop solutions, and solar water pumps and also as an
Independent Power Producer.

• Rich experience

• Vertical integration

• Wide Range of Solar Panels - Waaree manufactures a wide range of solar products
ranging from solar modules, to solar water pumps and rooftop solutions.

• Low cost and good quality products

6. Luminous

Luminous is a New Delhi-based maker of inverters and industrial batteries with

Schneider having a 74% stake in it. The company sells both grid-tied inverters as well
as inverters for off grid solar applications. Luminous has over 30 years of experience
as a leading power solutions provider.

• Good quality products

• Lifetime support
• Convenience of buying

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7. Panasonic

Newark, NJ-based Panasonic Corporation of North America is a leading technology

partner and integrator to businesses, government agencies and consumers across the
region.

8. Trina Solar

Trina Solar is one of the largest Chinese vertically integrated solar photovoltaic
manufacturer in the world. The company manufactures for domestic distribution,
captive consumption and also ships to international key markets including the U.S,
Europe, India etc. The company also has a presence in the downstream project business.
Trina Solar has a presence across utility, commercial and residential segments. The
company has a huge presence in India accounting for a major chunk of solar panel
imports into the country. It has now introduced Trina Home, a complete solar rooftop
home solution customized for India, suitable for installation in residences, SME
establishments and other places like schools and hospitals.

1. High-Efficiency modules

2. Leading supplier globally

3. Large scale

4. Extensive manufacturing

5. Large global presence

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9. Canadian solar

Canadian is headquartered in Canada, but has most of its manufacturing in China. In

the past 17 years, Canadian Solar has successfully built up 9 GW of module
manufacturing capacity and has delivered more than 29 GW of solar modules to
customers in over 150 countries worldwide. It also has a geographically diversified
pipeline of utility-scale power projects and is one of the leading solar developers
globally.

• Leading supplier globally

• Large scale

• Extensive manufacturing

• Huge geographical footprint

10. First Solar

First Solar is a leading thin-film panel company in the US. First Solar is a leading global
provider of comprehensive PV solar systems using advanced technology. It is also a
leading thin-film module supplier in India, as the technology perfectly suits the
country's weather conditions. First Solar is also has a wide geographical presence in
countries other than USA and India, selling more than 175 GW of solar modules
worldwide.

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• Leader in Thin Film Manufacturing - Thin Film (cadmium-telluride
technology) modules have started becoming mainstream. These panel no claim
to be more competitive and efficient in terms of energy generation in high-
temperature climates such as India and the Middle East.

• High-Efficiency Panels - The Company has made impressive gains in

efficiency over the last few years. Its solar panels have reached an efficiency
of 16.9% in the present day.

• Extensive R&D facilities

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 CHAPTER 2-REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. Title: A Review Paper on Electricity Generation from Solar Energy

Author: Mohd Rizwan Sirajuddin Shaikh, Santosh B. Waghmare, Suvarna
Shankar Labade, Pooja Vittal Fuke, Anil Tekale

Abstract:

The article also tries to discussed working, solar panel types; emphasize the
various applications and methods to promote the benefits of solar energy, the
Solar Energy is produced by the Sunlight is a non-vanishing renewable source
of energy which is free from eco-friendly. Every hour enough sunlight energy
reaches the earth to meet the world's energy demand for a whole year. In today's
generation we needed Electricity every hour. This Solar Energy is generated by
as per applications like industrial, commercial, and residential. It cans easily
energy drawn from direct sunlight. So it is very efficiency & free environment
pollution for surrounding. In this article, we have reviewed about the Solar
Energy from Sunlight and discussed about their future trends and aspects.

Outcome:

Most of the people are aware about non-renewable energy resources. Solar
energy has become increase more popular due to their economic benefits. By
on Battery Backup, Solar Energy can even provide Electricity 24x7, even on
cloudy days and at night. This also used with inter-grid System with
Continuously Power supply. It has more benefits compared to other forms of
energy like fossils fuels and petroleum deposits. It is an alternative which is
promise and consistent to meet the high energy demand. Research on solar cell
and solar energy is promise has a future worldwide.

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2. Title: Solar Energy Fundamentals and Challenges in Indian restructured
power sector Author: Ashok Upadhyay, Arnab Chowdhury

Abstract:

This paper provides an overview of technical, economic and policy aspects of

solar energy development. It reviews the status of solar energy in terms of
resource potential, existing capacity, along with historical trends and future
growth prospects of solar energy. The paper also focuses on the technical,
economical, and institutional barriers to the development and utilization of solar
energy technologies. The paper reviews existing fiscal and regulatory policy
instruments to support solar energy development, indicating how successful
these policy apparatus are in achieving their goals. And finally a review based
on existing studies of the future prospects of solar energy supply under various
scenarios in Indian restructured power sector is provided.

Outcome:

Solar power is infirm power and efforts are required to be made it firm power
by developing appropriate storage facilities. The solar power can also make a
viable source of energy by announcing the suitable policies incentives. Re-
powering has to be a part of any strategy to scale-up solar power capacity as it
is vital to optimally utilize high solar radiation sites that remain unused due to
less effort by the government and investing companies and to retrofit or replace
the old panels with modern, large and higher, more efficient ones. This will have
to go along side efforts to develop and facilitate introduction of a new generation
of solar panels that can harness the potential from sustained low to medium solar
radiation regimes available in abundant measure in large parts of the country.
Such efforts may require revisiting role and mandate of Jawahar Lal Nehru
Solar Mission (JNNSM) and to position an institution that can lead new
initiatives in solar resources assessment and technology development.

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3. Title: A market for renewable energy credits in the Indian power sector
Author: Anoop Singh

Abstract:

The paper proposes nationally tradable renewable energy credits scheme for
achieving the targets set by the respective SERCS as renewable portfolio
obligation. This would reduce the cost of compliance to a renewable portfolio
obligation, and would encourage efficient resource utilisation and investment in
appropriate technologies. The paper highlights its advantages and
implementation issues. This paper discusses regulatory developments for
promotion of renewable energy in various Indian states. The paper also
identifies a number of issues related to regulations concerning renewable
portfolio obligation.

Outcome:

Electricity generation from renewable energy sources in India has been

promoted through a host of fiscal policies and preferential tariff for electricity
produced from the same. The fiscal policies include tax incentives and purchase
of electricity generated through renewable energy sources. The enactment of the
Electricity Act 2003 (the Act) has lent further support to renewable energy by
stipulating purchase of a certain percentage of the power procurement by
distribution utilities from renewable energy sources. The renewable portfolio
obligation as well as the feed-in tariff for power procurement has been specified
by a number of State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCS) for the
respective state under their jurisdiction. A feed-in tariff determined through a
cost-plus approach under a rate of return framework lacks incentive for cost
minimisation and does not encourage optimal utilisation of renewable energy
resources in the country. Such regulatory provisions differ across states.

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4. Title: Evaluating the future of indian solar industry Author: Ganesh N.
Prabhu, Professor; Sreejith Narayanan E. and Ashin Mathew

Abstract:

India is in a state of perennial energy shortage with a demand-supply gap of

almost 12% of the total energy demand. This trend is significant in the
electricity segment that is heavily dependent on coal and other non-renewable
sources of energy. Renewable energy (RE) sources contribute only 7.7% of the
total installed power capacity of 167,077 MW in India. Among the RE sources,
wind power is the dominating component while solar energy currently
contributes to less than 0.1% (on- grid+ off-grid) of the total installed capacity.
The factors propelling the current and future growth in the solar energy segment
are segregated into demand side growth drivers and supply side growth drivers.
Exhibit 4 summarizes the major growth drivers and challenges faced by this
industry. Active growth of the Indian solar energy industry calls for immediate
implementation of the following steps. These measures will not only boost the
growth of solar energy sector, but also reduce the usage of non-renewable
sources of energy and carbon footprint.

Outcome:

Solar Energy possesses tremendous potential in bridging India's energy

demand-supply gap in the future. There are various challenges for this industry,
including lowering cost of production, increasing R&D, consumer awareness
and financing infrastructure. It is important to overcome these challenges for
fast growth and mass adoption of the technology. Some of the immediate actions
to enable growth are efficient implementation of renewable energy certificates,
usage of carbon trading as a source of revenue, immediate implementation of
grid powered energy in regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat, development of off-
grid usage in various applications such as cellular towers and encouraging
localized mini grids in areas that lack connectivity today. If these initiative work
as planned, it is only a matter before India becomes one of the world leaders in
Solar Energy.

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5. Title: An Automatic Solar Tracking System Using Programmable Logic
Controller Author: M. E. Hoque, F. Rashid, S. Shahriar, M. K. Islam

Abstract:

In this paper, the tracking process is governed and controlled by programmable

logic controller (PLC) where two stepper motors are used to guide the motion
of the solar panel in azimuth and elevation angle. The azimuth and solar altitude
angles of sun were calculated at 24.3636°N, 88.6241°E (Rajshahi, Bangladesh).
It is observed that automatic solar tracking is providing better performance than
fixed solar panel and maximum surplus energy was obtained about 36%. The
experimental results are obtained for the voltage-current characteristics and
power generation at the output of solar panel both for tracking and without
tracking. An automatic solar tracking system can easily be employed in industry
and suitable for mass energy production.

Outcome:

An automatic solar tracking system has been developed to study the effect of
tracking system in capturing solar power. In this experiment a panel tracker has
been developed to increase the amount of power generated by the solar panel as
the sun traverses across the sky. A PLC was used to control the movement of
the solar panel. Without the tracking system the amount of solar intensity
capturing is lower than the solar intensity with using PLC tracking system. From
this paper it is seen that without tracking system the maximum amount of power
developed is 3.5 W/hr, on the other hand with tracking system the maximum
power developed is 4.5 W/hr. In case of surplus energy. without tracking system
the amount of surplus energy is lower than the surplus energy with tracking
system.

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6. Title: The Impact of the Government's Incentives on Increasing
Investment in Turkey's Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants Author: Faruk
Erken

Abstract:

In this study, the progress and the outlook of the renewable energy, especially
photovoltaic systems in Turkey are reviewed considering the potential, the
incentives and the investments. Exhibiting a high economic growth rate in
recent years, energy demand has increased rapidly in Turkey. It is observed that
the installed power capacity of active solar photovoltaic power plants increases
by more than four times compared to the previous year, as of the end of 2017,
owing to incentives and investments. It is expected that the solar energy power
capacity among the renewable energy sources contributes significantly to the
total installed power capacity over the next few years in Turkey.

Outcome:

Turkey has exhibited an average economic growth rate of 5% in the last 15

years. This growth rate causes rapid increase in energy demands. Yet, the use
of natural gas plants, whose installation time and cost are low, has increased.
However, in the near future, the use of imported resources is expected to
decrease, owing to local investment and incentives that have been provided for
the RESS exploitation in recent years. Turkey has a good geographical location,
and therefore high solar energy potential. In terms of solar energy production,
Turkey has a better position as compared with many developed and developing
countries owing to its geographical location

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7. Title: Solar energy in India: Strategies, policies, perspectives and future
potential Author: Naveen Kumar Sharma, Prashant Kumar Tiwari, Yog
Raj Sood

Abstract:

In this paper, efforts have been made to summarize the availability, current
status, strategies, perspectives, promotion policies, major achievements and
future potential of solar energy options in India. Power sector is one of the key
sectors contributing significantly to the growth of country's economy. Power
sector needs a more useful role to be played in defining, formulating and
implementing the research projects with close involvement of all utilities such
that the benefit reaches the ultimate consumer The huge consumption of fossil
fuel has caused visible damage to the environment in various forms. Every year
human activity dumps roughly 8 billion metric tones of carbon into the
atmosphere, 6.5 billion tonnes from fossil fuels and 1.5 billion from
deforestation. The immediate aim of the JNNSM Mission is to focus on setting
up an enabling environmentfor solar technology penetration in the country both
at a centralized and decentralized level. These include solar water heating
systems, home lighting systems which include solar lanterns, solar cooking
systems, solar pumps and small power generating systems.

Outcome:

India has a severe electricity shortage. It needs massive additions in capacity to

meet the demand of its rapidly growing economy. Development of solar energy,
which is indigenous and distributed and has low marginal cost of generation,
can increase energy security by diversifying supply, reducing import
dependence, and mitigating fuel price volatility. Solar energy development in
India can also be an important tool for spurring regional economic development,
particularly formany underdeveloped states, which have the greatest potential
for developing solar power systems which is unlimited and clean source of
energy. It can provide secure electricity supply to foster domestic industrial
development. So it can be concluded that photovoltaic power systems will have
an important share in the electricity of the future not only in India, but all over
world.

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 CHAPTER 3-RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Objectives

To study the different strategies used by companies

To study the SWOT analysis of companies

To compare the strategies used by both the companies

3.2 Research Design

Descriptive research design: Descriptive research design is used because the study is
done on what has already happened in past in companies and what is happening in
companies.

3.3 Types of Data

The study is based on secondary data. Some facts and figures are taken from

annual report of both the companies.

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 CHAPTER 4 - COMPANY 1

Tata power

4.1 Company overview

Tata power solar is India's largest integrated solar company committed to enabling solar
everywhere. Headquartered in Bangalore, Tata Power Solar operates in three distinct
segments cutting-edge manufacturing, EPC services and creating innovative solar
products.

- Nearly 3 decades of pioneering excellence in solar

- 700 employees across 5 offices

-400MW of module and 300MW cell manufacturing facilities

- Over 1.5 GW of our best-in-class solar modules shipped globally till date

- EPC projects of 2.6 GW commissioned till date

- 260 MW of solar rooftop and distributed generation projects commissioned

- Positive environment impact through reduced carbon footprint by 10 million tonnes

till date

-Touched over 40 million lives till date

- Fully integrated wafer to module manufacturing facility

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History

Tata power and BP Solar established Tata BP Solar, a joint venture company, in 1989.
The company began commercial operations in 1991 by establishing its first
manufacturing unit with a production capacity of 3 MW.

BP Solar was closed on 21 December 2011, when BP announced its departure from the
solar energy business. On 30 August 2012, Tata BP Solar India Limited was renamed
as Tata Power Solar Systems Limited and became a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Tata Group.

In August 2016, Tata Power Solar commissioned a 100 MW solar project at the NP
Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Power Project in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. This was the
largest solar project commissioned using domestically manufactured solar cells and
modules at the time.

❖ Competitors:

Below are the top 3 Tata Power competitors:

a. Reliance Power

b. Adani Power

c. NTPC

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Tata power solar Rooftop

Tata Power Solar is one of the largest solar rooftop EPC players in India with a market
share of 5.6%. The company completed the world's largest solar rooftop installation in
August 2017. The rooftop project built on the cricket stadium in Mumbai, India will
generate more than 1 million units and will reduce the power consumption by almost
25%.

Tata Power Solar has commissioned an 820.8 kWp solar rooftop at the Cricket Club of
India (CCI), in Mumbai. It claims it is the world's largest solar rooftop on a cricket
stadium.

• 820.8kWp Solar Rooftop System

• CCI stadium in Mumbai Goes Green

• Estimated generation 1.12 million units per annum

• Offset 840 tonnes of carbon annually

The project was executed by Tata Power Solar to provide solar rooftop solution for the
stadium located at Mumbai and was completed in 100 days. Shri Devendra Fadnavis,
Honourable Chief Minister of Maharashtra did the inauguration of the stadium.

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Vision, Mission and values

❖ Vision

To be the most admired and responsible Integrated Power Company with international
footprint, delivering sustainable value to all stakeholders.

❖ Mission

• Delivering benchmark customer experience and thereby earning customer affection

• Executing projects safely and first time correct with predictable benchmark quality,
cost and time

• Ensuring cost leadership and growing profitability across all segments in the solar
space in focused geographies

• Being lead adopter of technology with spirit of pioneering and calculated risk taking

• Practicing "leadership with care" by pursuing best practices on care for our
environment, community, customers, shareholders, people and creating a culture
that will reinforce our values

• Enabling employees and associates to achieve and unleash their full potential to
deliver outcomes in a sustainable way

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❖ Values

a) Safety

Safety is a core value over which no business objective can have a higher priority.

b) Agility

Speed, responsiveness and being proactive, achieved through collaboration and

Empowering Employees.

c) Care

Care for Stakeholders our Environment, Customer and Shareholders - both existing and
potential, our Community and our People (our employees and partners)

d) Respect

Treat all stakeholders with respect and dignity.

e) Ethics

Achieved the most admired standards of ethics, through Integrity and mutual Trust

1) Diligence

Do everything (set direction, deploy actions, analyse, review, plan and mitigate risk etc)
with a thoroughness that delivers quality and Excellence - in all areas, and especially in
operations, Execution, and Growth

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Tata power

Industries Renewables & Environment

Company Size 500-1000 Employees

Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra

Туре Public Company

Founded 1989

Specialties solar power projects, solar

modules, solar products, solar
energy, epe, solar

Website http://www.tatapowersolar.com

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4.2 Product portfolio OF Tata power

1. Solar Rooftop

They have over 10,000 residential customers who have chosen their solar rooftop
solution. India's leading corporate establishments and institutions have partnered with
them for their green energy requirements.

2. Solar Water pumps

Tata's solar powered water pumps are reliable and durable alternative, requiring no grid
electricity or fuel, with a long operarting life.

3. Solar Micro grids

Their custom solutions power remote regions that might be cut off from regular electric
grids, with solutions ranging from 1 KW to several megawatts.

4. Solar powered RO systems

Tata's Solutions use the latest RO or UF technologies and they offer automatic as well
as manual water dispensing options, which run with/ completely independent of
electricity supply.

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4.3 Key Financials OF Tata power

1. Profit of company:

The profit in FY19 was at Rs. 1,709 crore as compared to a loss of Rs. 3,151 crore last
year. This was mainly due to provision of Rs. 4,330 crore for impairment of investments
in Mundra, Georgia and Trombay generating station in FY18.

2. Revenue of company:

On a Consolidated basis, the Operating Revenue was at Rs. 29,493 crore in FY19,
compared to Rs. 26,430 crore in FY18. The increase was mainly due to recovery of
higher fuel and power purchase cost related to regulated businesses, capacity addition
in renewable business and good operational performance by the businesses. The
operating profit for the year under review recorded an 8.72% growth over FY18.

3. Net Sales of company:

The Net sales/income from operations in FY19 was 7,688 crores as compare to
FY18which was 7,301 crores.

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4.4 Growth Strategies

Tata Power has been putting continuous efforts in implementing modernization and
cost reduction strategies. Its goal is to be perceived as a low cost power producer which
guarantees affordable and 24×7 uninterrupted power supply.

The company is encouraging its "Right to choose" exercise for consumers across
Mumbai. The company has organized 880 camps to explain the benefits of switchover
for low-end consumers from their current electricity company, mainly Reliance
Infrastructure. The company added 77,763 consumers from April 1 to December 31,
2013, with 75,125 consumers being low-end (0-300 units). It has increased its cable
network by more than 300 km by December 2013 and added two new distribution sub-
stations (DSS) and 36 Consumer Sub Stations (CSS), totaling the DSS to 23 DSS and
619 CSS, majority in the 11 clusters where the regulator MERC ordered the company
to expand its network. From April 1, the tariffs for switchover customers up to 100 units
will increase to Rs 2.49 per unit (v/s 2.13 earlier) while for those using electricity up to
300 units, its tariff will be Rs 4.13 (3.62 earlier). For changeover customers (those who
shifted from its close rival Reliance), the new tariff will be Rs 2.38 (2.11 earlier) and
Rs 4.45 (4.1 earlier) for up to 100 units and 300 units, respectively. Like rival Reliance,
Tata Power is also leveraging social media to address customer complaints and reach
out to potential customers. It aimed to reach 5 lakh in Mumbai by end of March.

Tata Power, one of the largest players in renewable energy in India, has a gross installed
capacity of 912 MW from clean energy sources, of which 447 MW comes from
hydropower and 465 MW comes from renewable sources such as wind and solar power.
Besides Mundra plant, Tata Power plans to increase its renewable energy capacity by
about 71 per cent to cut carbon emissions and reduce risks from fluctuating fuel prices.
The utility is planning to add 646.7 MW of renewable energy capacity.

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Power projects in India face multiple challenges, primarily over land and the
environment. Because of this the company is exploring business in other countries
where the investment climate is more favorable. It has 26 per cent stake in the Dagachhu
Hydroelectric Power Project in Bhutan which will have an installed capacity of 126
MW. Through its joint-venture company Cennergi, is developing the 94.8 MW
Tsitsikamma wind power project in South Africa. 35% of the revenues came from its
Indonesia business last year. Over the years it is planning to add 26,000MW capacity
in 6-7 years, of which a major chunk is expected to come from global projects.

Besides global expansion, the company has worked on the PPP model in Jamshedpur
and Delhi.

With the ambitious growth plans, the company aims to follow 'Responsible Growth'
model.

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4.5 SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis is a proven management framework which enables a brand like Tata
Power to benchmark its business & performance as compared to the competitors and
industry. Tata Power is one of the leading brands in the energy & power sector.

❖ Strengths:

➢ Tata Power's Strengths are:

• First established manufacturer in the country. > Can leverage on the "Tata"
brand which signifies Trust

• Capable of expansion since it has large reserves and low Debt-Equity Ratio

• Access to newer technologies

• Tata Power uses various ways of generating power i.e. thermal, hydro, wind,
solar energies etc.

• Malaysia, Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, Singapore, Cyprus etc are some places where
Tata Power has made its presence felt.

• Despite having a comparitively small employee workforce of 3000-odd

employees, the skills of each employee is of the highest level

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❖ Weakness:
Here are the weaknesses in the Tata Power SWOT Analysis:
Limited portability of products available
Products limited to indoor use mostly
Poor efficiency of the solar panels as compared to competitor's products
Limited Market share due to intense competition
High cost of product
Limited presence in South India which is a lucrative market having IT hubs and no
presence in Central India

❖ Opportunities:
Following are the Opportunities in Tata Power SWOT Analysis:
Existing supplier network be strengthened
Use of its R&D centre's for development of newer cheaper products
Increasing demand for power
Non-conventional sources of power
Expansion into third world countries and global expansion

❖ Threats
The threats in the SWOT Analysis of Tata Power are as mentioned:
Chinese solar lighting products providing cheaper alternatives
Fluctuating International prices of coal
Changes in International policies regarding import of coal and oil
Government policies and regulations

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 CHAPTER 5 - COMPANY 2

Reliance Power

5.1 Company overview

Reliance Power Limited (R-Power), formerly Reliance Energy Generation Limited

(REGL) is a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. It was established to
develop, construct, operate and maintain power projects in the Indian and international
markets. Reliance Infrastructure, an Indian private sector power utility company and
the Reliance ADA Group promote Reliance Power. The present CEO of Reliance
Power is K. Raja Gopal since May 2, 2018.

The company is the sole distributor of electricity to consumers in the suburbs of

Mumbai. But in 2017 they sold Mumbai operation to Adani Power. It also runs power
generation, transmission and distribution businesses in other parts of Maharashtra, Goa
and Andhra Pradesh. With its subsidiaries, it is developing 13 medium and large- sized
power projects with a combined planned installed capacity of 33,480 MW.

Reliance Natural Resources merged with Reliance Power in 2010, shortly after its initial
public offering. As of March 2018, Reliance Power has 50 subsidiaries. In Fortune India
500 list of 2019. R-Power was ranked as the 176th largest corporation in India with 9th
rank in 'Power sector' category.

❖ History:

The company was incorporated on 17 January 1995 as Bawana Power Private Limited
and changed its name to Reliance Delhi Power Private Limited in February 1995. Its
name was changed to Reliance Energy Generation Limited in March 2004, and finally
to Reliance Power Limited in July 2007.

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 ❖ Reliance power

Industry Electric Utility

Founded 17 January 1995; 25 years ago

Founder Dhirubhai Ambani

Headquarters DAKC, Navi Mumbai, India

AnilAmbani
(Chairman)
RajaGopalKrotthapalli
Key people (CEO)
Shrenik Vaishnav (CFO)
MurliManohar Purohit
(Company Secretary)
Electrical power
Products Natural gas
Electricity generation and distribution
Natural Gas Exploration
Services Production
Transportation and Distribution
Parent Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group

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❖ Mission

➢ To attain global best practices and become a leading power generating company.
To achieve excellence in project execution, quality, reliability, safety and
operational efficiency.

➢ To relentlessly pursue new opportunities, capitalizing on synergies in the power

generation sector.

➢ To consistently enhance our competitiveness and deliver profitable growth.

➢ To practice highest standards of corporate governance and be a financially sound

company.

➢ To be a responsible corporate citizen nurturing human values and concern for

society.

➢ To improve the lives of local community in all our projects. > To be a partner in
nation building and contribute towards India's economic growth.

➢ To promote a work culture that fosters learning, individual growth, team spirit
and creativity to overcome challenges and attain goals.

➢ To encourage ideas, talent and value systems and become the employer of
choice.

➢ To earn the trust and confidence of all stakeholders, exceeding their expectations.

➢ To uphold the guiding principles of trust, integrity and transparency in all aspects
of interactions and dealings.

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5.2 Product portfolio of Reliance power

1. Solar Home Power Systems

Reliance power Offers a complete choice of products which include Solar Home Power
System and Solar Home Power System.

➢ Good illumination without fumes or smoke

➢ Day autonomy for operation during non- sunny days
➢ Easy to install and maintain
➢ Long lasting efficient LED's
➢ High efficiency electronics
➢ Attractive and sturdy ABS body
➢ Available in attractive colours

2. Solar PV Modules

Providing you the best range of Solar PV Module - RS250 Wp, Solar PV Module -
RS125 Wp, Solar PV Module RS170 Wp, Solar PV Module - RS190 Wp, Solar PV
Module - RS210 Wp. Solar PV Module - 3.3Wp - 280 Wp with effective & timely
delivery.

❖ Features:

➢ Usage of high efficient cells

➢ Acid texturised solar cells
➢ Fine silver grid lines
➢ Fully covered back surface field
➢ Optimized anti reflective coating on cells
➢ One side textured, tempered glass increases light absorption & efficiency
➢ Tight tolerance in power ± 3%

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3. Solar Lanterns

Reliance power Offers a complete choice of products which include Solar Lantern -
CFL Based Solar Lantern and Solar Lantern - Arushi Solar Led Lantern.

❖ Features:

➢ High efficiency crystalline silican cell based solar modules Available in two
models with 10 or 12 Wp module

➢ User friendly design with LED indications to show charging mode and deep
discharging of battery

➢ High efficiency 7 W CFL lamp

➢ Lamp with in-built 12 V 7 Ah @ C10 sealed maintenance free lead acid battery

➢ Light output 370 lumens +/-5%

➢ Maximum light coverage

➢ Additional feature incorporated to prevent lamp blackening

➢ Attractive and sturdy plastic body

➢ Certified by MNRE approved laboratory

➢ Product also available under DGS&D rate contract

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4. Solar Street Light Systems

Reliance power Offers a complete choice of products which include Solar Street Light
and Led Solar Street Light System. Solar Lighting Solution for Streets, Walkways,
Gardens, Parking Area, Malls, Commercial Buildings, Educational Institutions, Roads
and Township etc.

❖ Features:

➢ Automatic dusk to dawn operation

➢ Highly reliable stand-alone system

➢ Low maintenance, long life tubular battery

➢ 5 days autonomy for operation during non-sunny days

➢ Easy to install and maintain

➢ Certified by MNRE approved laboratory

➢ Product also available under DGS&D rate contract

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5. Solar Energy Products

We are a leading Manufacturer of Solar Water Purifier, Solar Roof-top System, Arushi
and R-Lite from Bengaluru, India. Pure Drinking water solution for communities,
organizations, schools, Health Centres and Panchayats.

❖ Features:

➢ Delivers 2500 liters of pure drinking water per day

➢ High efficiency crystalline solar module

➢ Purifier water anywhere in the World

➢ Efficient primary and secondary filters with UV lamp ensuring pure and safe
drinking water

➢ does not need any connection to electrical energy source or water mains

➢ Easy to install and maintain

➢ Kill all pathogens and removes turbidity

➢ Effective against: Viruses, Bacteria, Protozoa, Worm eggs

➢ Approved by ATIRA, India, UNESCO-IHE and KIWA, Netherlands

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6. Solar Roof-top System

Reliable operation through high efficiency crystalline silicon module

Long life low maintenance tubular flooded battery

High efficiency reliable electronics with PWM solar charge controller

Clean and green solar energy with no recurring electricity cost

Noise and smoke free operation

7. Arushi

1. Portable solar light designed for four hours of operation per day

2. Wp high efficiency crystalline solar module

3. Long life bright LEDs with smarst electronics

4. Diffuser for better light spread

5. Designed for two continuous cloudy days of usage

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8. R-Lite

➢ 10 Wp high efficiency crystalline solar module

➢ Two luminaries of long life bright LEDs with smart electronics

➢ Each light works for four hours per day when fully charged

➢ Designed for three continuous cloudy days of usage

➢ Ideal for small homes, offices, shops, rural health centers, etc

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5.3 Key Financials a. Income of company:

During the financial year under review, the total Income of the Company was Rs,
49,431 lakhs against Rs, 47,662 lakhs in the previous year on a standalone basis. The
Company has earned a Profit after tax of Rs. 225 lakhs compared to Rs, 6,426 lakhs in
the previous year.

b. Dividend:

During the year under review, the Board of Directors has not recommended dividend
on the Equity Shares of the Company. The Company's Dividend Distribution Policy
forms part of this Annual Report.

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5.4 Marketing Strategies

❖ Reliance Power Marketing Mix (4Ps) Strategy:

Marketing Mix of Reliance Power analyses the brand/company which covers 4Ps
(Product, Price, Place, Promotion) and explains the Reliance Power marketing strategy.
It also elaborates the pricing, advertising & distribution strategies used by the company.

❖ Reliance Power Marketing Mix:

1. Product:

The product strategy and mix in Reliance Power marketing strategy can be explained
as follows:

Reliance Power is one of the leading power generation companies in India. Reliance
Power has covered almost the entire nation with its services and products. It majorly
deals in offering like electrical power and natural gas in its marketing mix. Reliance
Power provides various service like electricity generation and distribution, natural gas
production along with transportation and distribution. It has various ultra mega power
projects in places like Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh etc. Reliance Power is India's
leading Private sector Utility company. It has power generation projects related to
various gas, wind, power, coal and hydro based.

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2. Price:

Below is the pricing strategy in Reliance Power marketing strategy:

Reliance power has always tried to adapt to factors that would lead to cost reduction.
Reliance Power enjoys a dominant position in the market, which influences its pricing
and is not only dependent of competitors in its marketing mix. It is committed to ensure
the power generation in lowest cost and sustainable manner. Reliance Power follows
competitive pricing with the onus of use of eco- friendly and innovative technology. It
aims at reducing the cost of generation of power so that power is made available at
economic prices to the country through greener technologies. Fuel is the most important
factor in power generation and reliance has efficient captive mines for the same.
Reliance Power have a dedicated team of distinguished individuals for all the pricing
policies and comes after deep evaluation. This allows economies of scale for Reliance
Power.

3. Place:

Following is the distribution strategy of Reliance Power:

Reliance Power is spread almost all over India basically in northern, western, northern-
eastern and southern region of the country. It has a very strong network built for
distribution. The various projects are located in various locations. Reliance Power has
six coal fired projects, two gas-fired projects and four hydroelectricity projects. The
distribution is majorly controlled by BSES Delhi which has two points: BSES
Rajdhaniand BSES Yamuna, and Reliance Power Mumbai. The gas fired projects are
in Samalkot and Dadri.

Reliance Power focuses in maintaining the plants in the diverse location to case the
reach to customers.

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4. Promotion:

The promotional and advertising strategy in the Reliance Power marketing strategy is
as follows:

Promotion has always been the most important determinant for sales of Reliance power.
It has always made use of latest promotional activities and has been on the top in terms
of advertising. Their promotional campaigns are eco friendly, trendy and include
celebrity endorsements. Reliance Power uses less of advertising for power sector and
focussed more on cost reduction. Customer loyalty is high even with moderate use of
advertising because of the brand image. Many bill boards are seen showing the latest
offerings by Reliance power.

Since this is a service marketing brand, here are the other three Ps to make it the
7Ps marketing mix of Reliance Power.

5. Physical Evidence:

Reliance Power has two ultra mega power projects in Krishnapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
and in Singrauli district, Madhya Pradesh. Other than this it has wind power, solar
power and hydropower projects. They have sites roughly located in western India
(12220 MW),northern India (9000MW), north eastern India (4220 MW) and southern
India (4000 MW). Also the corporate and regional offices of Reliance Power are a part
of its physical evidence.

6. People:

Reliance power has a work culture amongst its employees such that it encourages
individual development as well as brings out the best of them for the company. Policies
framed for the employees are aimed at achieving strategic business activities. Being
hazardous work environments due to power generation projects, health of employees is
at the core of the Reliance Power company. Various career development and learning
opportunities are provided for the families of employees. Excellent work life balance is
maintained through leave policies and recreational activities for employees. Around
5000 employees work currently in Reliance Power with the key person being Anil
Ambani.

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7. Process:

Reliance Power has several processes to ease the business. The power generation
process covers a long distance from fuel sourcing to distribution and end use by
customers. Initially fuel like coal, naptha is provided as raw material to the electricity
generation plant where it used to rotate the turbine and generate electricity. Now the
next stage is transmission of power through grid like central transmission utilities and
state transmission utilities. Then it is sent for distribution through state electricity
boards, private distribution utilities. Finally it reaches to ultimate consumer like
agriculture, households, industrial, retail consumers. Hence, all this covers the Reliance
Power marketing mix.

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5.4 Growth Strategies

a. Reduction of Cost of Power Generation

We intend to continue our focus on reducing the cost of power generation by acquiring
and developing captive fuel sources that will insulate us from the volatility in the market
price of fuel and can thus leverage our operating efficiencies. Such a move is pursuing
economies of scale, securing favorable financing and sharing resources among our
various power projects and withour affiliates.

b. Ensuring Fuel Supply

Securing adequate supplies of fuel is critical to the success of a power project. To ensure
fuel security, we continue to take proactive steps to ensure access to sufficient coal
reserves domestically and globally by investing in additional overseas opportunities
that are a strategic fit with our business. While we have secured fuel supplies for our
entire coal-fired portfolio, we will continue to strive to control the entire supply chain
to ensure continued and uninterrupted availability and control costs.

c. Focusing on Power Deficit Regions

We intend to locate our power projects and enter into off-take arrangements in power
deficit regions that typically support higher market-wide tariffs. We will continue to
concentrate our off-take arrangements on the Western and Northern regions of India,
which we believe will comprise the bulk of power demand in India. We also intend to
focus our merchant off-take sales in these two regions to derive better returns on power
generated from our projects.

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d. Establishing an Optimal Mix of Off-take Arrangements

We intend to continue to pursue an optimal mix of long and short-term PPAs to

minimize the risks and maximize returns for our shareholders. For power projects
situated closer to load centers we have entered into and will continue to enter into a mix
of long and short-term PPAsto achieve a balanced portfolio. For power projects located
in other locations, we intend to continue to focus on long-term PPAs

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5.6 SWOT Analysis

❖ Strengths:

Here are the Strengths in the reliance power: Huge Capacity generation in pipeline

Projects are spread across most parts of the country

Advanced technology to reduce emissions has led to acquiring of Carbon Credits for 3
of its Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPP)

Strong backing of the Reliance group makes it a force > It has services like electricity
generation, distribution, natural gas exploration, distribution etc

❖ Weaknesses

Here are the weaknesses in the Reliance Power:

Incomplete projects lead to rise in costs which include interest costs

Income obtained currently is other income which is due to sale of assets and not due to
Operations. Increasing Other Income leads to decline of the share holder trust and
decrease in share price

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 ❖ Opportunities:

Following are the Opportunities in Reliance Power SWOT Analysis:

Setting up huge power plants in Jharkhand and Orissa which have huge reserves of coal

> Huge scope in power sector once the projects become operational > Investing in Non-
conventional energy projects

❖ Threats:

The threats in the SWOT Analysis of Reliance Power are as mentioned:

1. Fluctuating International prices of coal and oil.

2. Changes in International policies regarding import of coal and oil.

3. Government policies and regulations affects operations

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5.7 PESTEL Analysis of solar sector

1. Political

The government has huge presence in the solar energy market. It regulates the market
through MNRE (Ministry of Renewable Energy) and financial assistance is provided
by IREDA (Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited). One of the eight
missions under the NAPCC is the Jawaharlal Nehru national Solar Mission (JNNSM)
which was launched in late 2009. Thew mission targets 22,000 MW of solar power
generation. The Indian Renewable Energy development Agency (IREDA) has come up
with several schemes to not only encourage the use of solar- powered systems, but also
facilitate businesses in the arena. It has come up with a four point financing model based
on corporate, co-operative, Ngo and dealer mechanisms for benefiting end-users and
entrepreneurs alike.

2. Economical

In the recent round of reverse auctioning process for the solar projects under the
National Solar Mission, the price discovery for levelized tariff was in the range of INR
10.49/Kwh for solar PV projects. The budgets has also encouraged private solar
companies by reducing customs duty on solar panels by 5% and exempting excise duty
on solar photovoltaic panels.the government has initiated a Renewable Energy
Certificate (REC) scheme, which is designed to drive investment in low-carbon energy
projects.

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3. Social

There are two overall forces in the social environment that are influencing the growth
of the renewable energy industry: increasing environmental concerns and increasing
energy demand. Growing environmental awareness which is defined as the increasing
knowledge and understanding of the finite nature of many of the world's resources, the
negative impact and contribution to climate change from burning fossil fuels and
deforestation, and the impact of global warming on biodiversity, and the stability of
delicate ecosystems, have led to increasing environmental concerns.\

4. Technological

Technological developments and investments catalyze the advancement of technology;

strengthen the ability of energy consumers to harness solar energy, and improve
manufacturing equipment and techniques that enable low cost production. In addition
to emerging technology, future technology being aggressively pursued by research and
development include thermal and electrical storage systems, solar hybrid lighting,
improved manufacturing techniques, nanotechnology, and improving concentrating
solar power systems.

5. Environmental

Government backed rebates for projects using solar systems in their residential ande
commercial purposes is pushing buyers to ask for the same to avail benefits both
monetarily as well as keeping in mind the environmental factor. Customers are realizing
that using solar lanterns could cut on the overall usage of electricity. Solar lighting
systems are considered to be brighter than any other form of conventional lighting using
kerosene, fossil fuels, etc. Also, accidents in rural areas due to kerosene lanterns have
been a common case. Another factor that is greatly helping swolar lighting systems is
the spiraling cost of kerosene and better output as compared to kerosene lanterns.

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6. Legal and Regulatory

The major hurdle for companies venturing into solar energy is the following two
conditions that are set down by the government for them in order to create investment
and employment:

a. Any company looking forward to avail benefits under the national solar scheme has
to make a minimum of 75% of the investment inside the country itself. Thus companies
having no manufacturing base inside the country won't be covered under this scheme.

b. Secondly, the products that could avail subsidy to be distributed among the
beneficiaries, are supposed to have specification that are prescribed by the ministry of
renewable energy.

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 CHAPTER 6-Comparative Analysis of business strategies

1. Customer reach strategy

Tata Power

The company is encouraging its "Right to choose" exercise for consumers across
Mumbai. The company has organized 880 camps to explain the benefits of switchover
for low-end consumers from their current electricity company, mainly Reliance
Infrastructure.

Reliance Power

Transmission of power through grid like central transmission utilities and state
transmission utilities. Then it is sent for distribution through state electricity boards,
private distribution utilities. Finally it reaches to ultimate consumer like agriculture,
households, industrial, retail consumers. Hence, all this covers the Reliance Power
marketing mix.

2. Cost Reduction strategy;

Tata power

Tata Power has been putting continuous efforts in implementing modernization and
cost reduction strategies. Its goal is to be perceived as a low cost power producer which
guarantees affordable and 24×7 uninterrupted power supply.

Reliance power
Reliance power focuses on reducing the cost of power generation by acquiring and
developing captive fuel sources that will insulate us from the volatility in the market
price of fuel and can thus leverage our operating efficiencies. Such a move is pursuing
economies of scale, securing favorable financing and sharing resources among their
various power projects and with their affiliates.

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3. Risk reduction strategy

Tata power

Tata Power plans to increase its renewable energy capacity by about 71 per cent to cut
carbon emissions and reduce risks from fluctuating fuel prices. The utility is planning
to add 646.7 MW of renewable energy capacity.

Reliance power

Securing adequate supplies of fuel is critical to the success of a power project. To ensure
fuel security, they continue to take proactive steps to ensure access to sufficient coal
reserves domestically and globally by investing in additional overseas opportunities
that are a strategic fit with our business. While they have secured fuel supplies for our
entire coal-fired portfolio, they will continue to strive to control the entire supply chain
to ensure continued and uninterrupted availability and control costs.

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4. Business expansion strategy:

Tata power

Power projects in India face multiple challenges, primarily over land and the
environment. Because of this, the company is exploring business in other countries
where the investment climate is more favorable..

It has 26 per cent stake in the Dagachhu Hydroelectric Power Project in Bhutan which
will have an installed capacity of 126 MW. Through its joint-venture company
Cennergi, is developing the 94.8 MW Tsitsikamma wind power project in South Africa.
35% of the revenues came from its Indonesia business last year. Over the years it is
planning to add 26,000MW capacity in 6-7 years, of which a major chunk is expected
to come from global projects.

Besides global expansion, the company has worked on the PPP model in Jamshedpur
and Delhi.

Reliance power

Focusing on Power Deficit Regions

We intend to locate our power projects and enter into off-take arrangements in power
deficit regions that typically support higher market-wide tariffs. We will continue to
concentrate our off-take arrangements on the Western and Northern regions of India,
which we believe will comprise the bulk of power demand in India. We also intend to
focus our merchant off-take sales in these two regions to derive better returns on power
generated from our projects.

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CHAPTER 7 - Findings, Recommendations and conclusion

The sun provides a very abundant supply of energy that is available to all of us. This
energy from the sun is completely under used. Solar energy from the sun is available
almost anywhere on the planet. Though it is not always available depending on the
obvious weather conditions and time of the day. It could drastically change the way we
make energy. Especially combined with other forms of renewable energy such as wind
energy.

There is so much potential energy to be gained from using solar energy. The amount of
solar energy that reaches our planet's surface is so abundant that in a year it provides
around twice as much as we will ever be able to obtain from all of the earth's finest
resources. These finest resources include coal, oil and natural gas,

This resource is not just available to businesses and major energy companies. It is also
available to every day people who would like to utilize energy from the sun in their
own backyard. Backyard and rooftop solar panels are being seen more and more all
over the world. From professional installation with manufactured panels to home made
with do it yourself installation.

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