GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
Find the following terms.
Organelle
- membranous compartments
- perform variety of functions;
production of proteins, storage of
important materials, harvesting of
energy, repairing of cell parts,
digestion of substances, and
maintenance of the shape and
structure of the cell
- compartmentalized; roles are
independent
Cell
- building block of life
- microscopic
- smallest structural and functional unit
of an organism; consists of cytoplasm
and nucleus
- control and execute several functions
in all types of organisms
Nucleus
- control center of the cell; controls
how the cell functions
- enclosed in a double membrane that
selectively permits certain materials
and compounds
- where the DNA is located
Cytoplasm
- jelly-like substance composed of
water and dissolved substances such
as salt and proteins
- responsible for the fluid nature of the
cell’s internal environment, dynamic
suspension of organelles
- substance that fills the cell
Cell membrane
- encloses the cell and separates it
from the external environment
- regulates substances that go in and
out of the cell
- consists of a bilayer of phospholipid
with integral(embedded) and
peripheral(attached) proteins,
enzymes, receptor proteins, and
glypoproteins
Cell wall
- structural layer surrounding some
types of cells outside the cell
membrane
- tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid
- provides the cell with both structural
support and protection, and also acts
as a filtering mechanism
Vacuole
Vacoule
- a membrane-bound organelle which
is present in plant and fungal cells and
some protist, animal, and bacterial
cells
- enclosed compartments which are
filled with water containing inorganic
and organic molecules including
enzymes in solution
Ribosome
- are macromolecular machines, found
within all cells, that perform biological
protein synthesis
Mitochondria
- powerhouse of the cell
- an organelle found in the cells of
most eukaryotes, such as animals,
plants and fungi
- have a double membrane structure
and use aerobic respiration to
generate adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), used throughout the cell as a
source of chemical energy
Chloroplast
- a type of membrane-bound organelle
known as a plastid that conducts
photosynthesis mostly in plant and
algal cells
DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid; a molecule
that carries genetic information and is
responsible for the inheritance of traits
Gene
- A segment of the DNA that codes for
specific proteins or RNA molecules
- determines a particular trait or
characteristic
Nucleotide
- are organic molecules composed of
a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar
and a phosphate
- basic building block of DNA and RNA