A

Project
Submitted for the award of Degree
of
B. Des in Footwear Design and Production
In
8 TH Semester (PRODUCTION)
By
GARVIT KUMAR
(Roll no. -1954032)
Under the supervision of
INTERNAL MENTOR
MR. RAMKESH
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I, hereby declare that the work presented in this project entitled
“PRODUCTION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT(POM)” for the award
of the degree of B.des in Footwear Design and Production submitted to Mr.
Ramkesh [Snr. Faculty Production] of FDDI Rohtak is an authentic record of
my own research and work carried out under the supervision of Mr. Ramkesh.

I also declare that the work embodied in the present project

i. Is my original work and has not been copied from any
journal/Project/Book, and
ii. Has not been submitted by me for any other Degree or Diploma

(Name and Signature of the Candidate)

 LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION

This is to certify that Garvit kumar, Student of B.des (FDP) 7th semester, has
written this project on “PRODUCTION OF OPERATION
MANAGEMENT(POM) “Under the guidance and supervision of Mr.
Ramkesh [snr. Faculty Production].
All the literature work infused by him in this report is his [original work,
conducted under my supervision].

Name of Internal Mentor with Signature:

Mr Ramkesh
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to my faculty’s guide Mr. Ramkesh for providing his guidance in

completing my dissertation related topic PRODUCTION OF OPERATION
MANAGEMENT(POM)

I am also grateful to FOOTWEAR DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

INSTITUTE (FDDI) for providing me with such a platform which helped me
in completing my research skills and I am sure that this study will help me in
the future.

Thank you
Yours Faithfully
Garvit Kumar
 PREFACE

As a part of our syllabus in order to bring the knowledge in the field of

management this project work has been carried out to gain deep insight of the
topic, we are required to make a research project and prepare analytical report
on “PRODUCTION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT(POM )”. The basic
objective of doing this project is to gain the practical knowledge about how to
conduct a research and also know about the strategies and trend in footwear
industry.

In this project report I have included various concepts, methodology,

questionnaire, and data analysis regarding the strategies, various designs of
footwear & concepts of designing and trends in footwear industry.

Doing this project helped me to enhance my knowledge to work into the

footwear industry having the latest technology and help them to enhance their
technology and gain the knowledge about the footwear industry of India as well
as other countries industry concept and working standard.

The project helped me to know the role of devotion towards work, how to
research, and various aspect of research in the field of footwear.
 Q1. What is production, explain the below points with examples1
• Production scheduling
• Concept of loading
• Sequencing
• Project scheduling

ANS 1: Production is the process of making or manufacturing

goods and products from raw materials or components. In other
words, production takes inputs and uses them to create an
output that is fit for consumption a good or product that has
value to an end-user or customer.

Production scheduling:
Production scheduling is the process in manufacturing where
all production activities are planned or scheduled on a
timescale or for a time period. Production scheduling includes
planning manufacturing activities like procuring input goods,
investment, labour, logistics, etc for a specific time period in a
sequential manner. It identifies what resources would be
consumed at what stage of production. According to the
estimates, a time-based schedule is made so that the company
does not fall short of resources at the time of production.
Production Scheduling Steps:
A good product schedule can be created following these steps:
1. Production Planning
A good production schedule starts with proper planning.
Without planning a schedule cannot be created. A schedule
needs activities, sub-processes, assumptions etc. to be
properly known before a timeline is created.
2. Smart Routing
Routing is required to show the entire journey of a product from
its conversion from raw material to final finished product. In the
schedule, the transfer from one department and another has to
be known. Swim-lane diagrams can be used to show the
transfer of ownership.
3. Actual Scheduling
This is the most important step with all the timelines with
activities. This should be made as modular as possible. The
production schedule should be customized based on different
parameters like the size of the batch to be produced.
configuration, parts and processes etc.
4. Execution & Development
This is the step where the production schedule actually
becomes the real time process. The production of goods is
done through the schedule prepared. The first 3 steps act as
steps or instructions to start the execution smoothly.
5. Continuous Improvement and Rescheduling
Like any good process, feedback and variances should be
closely monitored and used to further improve the production
scheduling process for the next cycle. The feedback can be
automated or can be manually handled. The ultimate goal is to
make the process better every time.

Concept of loading:
A load means the quantity of work, and allocating the quantity of
work to the processes necessary to manufacture each item is called
loading.
It is performed in the CRP (Capacity Requirements Planning) of the
manufacturing planning. Each item planned in MRP is first explored
to the processes necessary to manufacture it, which is usually called
process explosion. Next loading is performed for the explored
process. In loading, each load is usually piled up by time (hour), by
which a setup time and a real operating time are determined. The
real operating time may be set by manufacturing lot or by real
operating time per item-unit. In the former case, the time of the
hour is piled up as load, while in the latter case, loading is performed
after calculating the real operating time per manufacturing unit by
multiplying the number of manufacturing items by real operating
time.
In addition, the calculated load is piled up for a certain period, which
is determined by selecting either the earliest start date or the last
start date as a base date. This method enables loading for each
process or each period.
 Sequencing:
Sequencing means grouping production operations into
production batches and arranging them by priority. In addition
to grouping, an essential element in production order
sequencing is choosing the correct batch size. What are the
optimal sizes of the production batches; how many tons of one
item is cast before starting to produce another item? By
utilizing the lean philosophy, small quantities are produced in
chronological order to reduce the inventories. In contrast, to
meet productivity targets, it is tempting to choose long
production runs instead.

Project scheduling:
A project schedule provides a general overview of your project,
including the timeline, project tasks, dependencies, and assigned
team members. Essentially, a project schedule should be able to tell
you everything you need to know about your project at first glance.
By outlining all the high-level details and components of your
project, you can track project progress in real-time and ensure that
you’re on track for success.

Q2. What is production planning and control, explain the below

points with examples.
• Concept of production planning
• Meaning of production control
• Concept of line balancing

ANS 2: Production planning and control refers to the two

separate pre-production stages of manufacturing: production
planning and production control. It’s the process of managing
the resources, manpower, schedules, and other aspects of
producing goods and services. Production planning and control
are implemented by businesses to further strengthen their
production process and prevent setbacks from affecting their
normal operations.

Benefits of Production Planning and Control:

• Improve production time – Proactively identify if there would be
challenges, bottlenecks, or causes of production delays ahead of
time. Greater visibility in the production process helps teams
promptly meet production schedules and demands.
• Reduce production costs – With a well-planned and constantly-
monitored production, businesses can utilize their resources
efficiently and effectively. Lessen production costs to their ideal
level while still ensuring that the quality of goods and services is not
compromised.
• Minimize resource waste – Maintain inventory at optimal levels
with the execution of strong production planning and control.
Avoid discrepancies between material supply and material demand
to avoid waste of resources.
• Streamline production process – When production managers and team
members follow a standardized approach in the production process, it’s
easier to spot inefficiencies, prevents production delays, and identify further
opportunities for growth.
• Concept of Production Planning:
Production planning is a broad discipline that involves much more than a
focus on manufacturing process efficiency. It is intertwined with nearly
every other aspect of the business, including finance, sales, inventory,
and human resources. Production planning activities include demand
forecasting to determine the right mix of products to meet customer
needs, as well as selecting the optimal approach to building those
products. Production planning also assesses the resources needed to
meet production goals and lays out in detail all the operations in the
production process. Production plans must include the flexibility to make
operational adjustments when problems occur — such as machine
breakdowns, staffing shortages, and supply-chain problems.

Meaning of Production Control:

Production control aims at achieving production targets, optimum use of
available resources, increased profits through productivity, better and more
economic goods and services, etc. An effective production control system
requires reliable information, sound organizational structure, a high
degree of standardization, and trained personnel for its successful
operation.

Concept of Line Balancing:

In production, line balancing is a useful tool. Line-balancing strategy
is to make production lines stretchy enough to absorb external and
internal indiscretion. This strategy involves setting a planned rate of
production for necessary materials to be fabricated within a
particular time frame. Additionally, successful line balancing requires
assuring that every line segment's production quota can be met
within the time frame using the available production capacity. This is
an efficient device to develop the throughput of assembly lines and
work cells while decreasing manpower requirements and expenses.
Line balancing is slightly different from assembly line balancing.
Assembly line balancing involved the action of assembling different
parts together. It involves many production lines while normal Line-
balancing may only involve one production line. Assembly Line
Balancing is the problem of assigning operations to workstations
along an assembly line, in such a way that the assignment is best in
some sense. Since the introduction of assembly lines by Henry Ford,
Line-balancing has been an optimization problem of important
industrial importance. The efficiency difference between an optimal
and a sub-optimal assignment can yield economies reaching huge
amounts per year. The line balancing technique was used normally in
the assembly line of the automotive industry which is called ALB.
Most Small and Medium Industries do not use line-balancing
methods in the production line.
Q3. What is material requirement planning after receiving 2000 pair
order in ART. 506609, derby black color (6/100, 7/350, 8/500, 9/500,
10/350, 11/150, 12/50),
Average- upper leather 1 black- 19 sdm,
Leather 2 brown- 7 sdm
Leather 3- tan-5 sdm
Leather lining- 2.5 sq ft
Plan material both upper and lining in sq ft, not in sdm
ANS 3: Tan leather used - 1060
Brown 1500
Black 4080
Lining 5000 each (color)
Q4. Write the short note on below-
Transportation model
Manufacturing resources planning (MRP-II)
Enterprises resources planning (ERP)
ANS 4. Transportation model – The Transportation model addresses
the concept of moving a thing from one place to the another without
charge. It assumes that any damage route has negative
consequences and so it used to analyze transportation system and
find the most efficient route for resource allocation.
The different modes of transport are air, water, and land transport
which includes rails or railways road and off road transport.
• Manufacturing Resource Planning- (MRP II)
The term manufacturing resource planning refer to an information
system that is used by business involved in manufacturing goods. The
integrated information system facilitate the decision making process
for management by controlizing, integrating, and processing
information related to the manufacturing process.
It enables management to make an accurate utilization of the
scheduling an inventory process and design engineering and to
effectively employ cost control measures.
• Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP)

It is a type of software system that helps an organization automate

and manage business processes for optimal performance. ERP
software coordinate the flow of data between a company business
processes providing a single source of truth and streamlining
operation across the enterprise. It is capable for linking a company
financial supply chain and human resource activities on one
platform.
Most companies have a finance and operational system in a place
but silved system can’t go beyond everyday business growth. As
companies expend and their need change their system should keep
up with them. In this article you’ll learn what erp is and why having
software in place that keep up with your need can help run a more
agile an efficient business.
Q5. Explain below in detail-
Line Balancing
Concept of forecasting
ANS 5. Line Balancing-
Line Balancing is a production strategy that involves balancing
operator and machine time to match the production rate to the
taken time in other words the quantities of workers and machines
assigned to each task in the line should be rebalanced to meet the
optimal production rate.
• Type of line Balancing
There are two type of line balancing that include static balance and
dynamic balance. Static balance denotes long term differences in
capacity over a period of several hours or longer.
• The main objectives of line balancing-
The main objective of line balancing is to distribute the taste evenly
over the work station so that idle time to man of machine can be
minimized and to minimize total of idle time on the whole work
station on certain level of output in general the main purpose of line
balancing is how to minimize the number.
• Concept of forecasting-
1. A trend is the underlying pattern of growth or decline in a
time series.
2. Seasonal pattern are characterized by repeatable period
of ups and down over a short period of time.
3. Cyclical pattern are regular pattern in a data series that
take place over long period of time.
4. Irregular variation is one time variation that is
explainable.