Assiut University Unit ( ) Mech. Eng .dept.

Faculty of engineering Design of biomass plants 4th year mechanical

Answer the following questions:

1- The administration of the faculty of agriculture of Assiut university
expresses the desire to cover the energy needed of its farm to be supplied and
secured by the biomass produced from the farm animals.
(1000 cows, 500 buffalo, and 10,000 hens)
Design a biogas plant for this farm show:
-How much the organic wastes from the farm can produce biogas, methane,
and electrical energy?
-Calculate also the yearly saving of cost if 1kWhr of electricity costs 20 L.E.
-Explain How can we keep a continuous generation of biogas?
-Make a freehand neat sketch of the biogas plant proposed.

2-In the desert Provence of Assiut city, a village of young 200 farmers with
corresponding housing facilities is to be established. The village contains 100
stable bound cattle of 100 cows per stable, 200 stable bullocks of 100 bullocks
per stable, 50 stables of buffalos of 100 buffalos per stable, and 200 hens
house of 10000 hens per house.
The authority expresses the desire that the energy needed by the village be
supplied and secured by the biomass produced. Specify a biogas plant for the
village showing how the biogas produced to be used in the best manner
possible to cover the heat energy for cooking and electricity for the village
housing showing:
a- The daily average fresh organic waste produced.
b- The daily and annual biogas and methane produced.
c-The digester and gas holder sizes.
d-The daily kWhr thermal energy can be produced if the combustion efficiency
is 80 %
e-The electric energy can be produced in kWhr per year.
f-The cost saving per year if natural gas and electrical energy is used.

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3-A farm of 500 bound stable of pigs (500 pigs per stable),
Specify technically a biogas plant for this farm showing the daily biogas
produced, digester and gas holder volume, the daily kWhrth or kWhre can be
produced.

4- A farm of 200 houses of hens of (10000 hens per house) . The administration
of the farm expresses the desire to cover the winter heating load and summer
electrical load by the biomass produced. Specify technically the biogas plant
for this farm showing the daily biogas produced, digester and gas holder
volume, the daily kWhrth or kWhre can be produced.

5-A village of one thousand families, 6 persons per family in a desert arid area
of Assiut governorate. The local authority proposes to cover the gas needed for
cooking and electricity by use of the biomass produced by the village. Estimate
the following :
a-The quantity needed of gas to cover the cooking and electricity needs for the
village.
b-The quantity of dung required.
c-The number of animals required.
d-Size of digester and gas holder.
e-Saving due to the use of biomass for heat and electricity supply.

6- i- State the necessary conditions for biogas production from organic wastes.
ii-Calculate the Carbon: Nitrogen ratio of an organic mixture of 1500 kg of
cattle dung (25:1, 80% humidity), 1000 kg of wheat straw (87:1,20 % humidity),
and 500 kg of fresh pig dung (13:1, 70% humidity). It is proposed to construct a
biogas production unit using the above mixture. Select the type and quantity of
the organic materials available to satisfy the condition of C/N = 25
and humidity 80% to accomplish the fermentation.