?

My friend had done his homework by 5 o’clock yesterday. Had = ‘d

My friend hadn’t done his homework by 5 o’clock yesterday.

Had my friend done his homework by 5 o’clock yesterday? UA/PL

- an action (Past Perfect) happened BEFORE another action (Past Simple) in the past
Дія, яка сталася ПЕРЕД іншою дією у минулому
Czynność, która miała miejsce PRZED inną czynnością w przeszłości

He missed his bus that morning

because he had overslept.

- an action (Past Perfect) happened BEFORE a particular moment in the past

Дія, яка сталася ПЕРЕД певним моментом у минулому
Czynność, która miała miejsce PRZED określonym czasem w przeszłości

The bus had already gone by 9 am.

UA/PL
 - an action (Past Perfect) happened BEFORE we told about it (Past Simple)
Дія, яка сталася ПЕРЕД тим як ми про неї розказали
Akcja, która miała miejsce ZANIM o tym powiedzieliśmy

Yesterday John told me that he had

overslept and, as a result, had missed
the bus.

Time markers By (до, przed)

Already
By the time + Past Simple
Before + Past Simple
Just
The bus had gone away before For
John came to the bus stop. Since
Never
Ever
After John had come to the bus As soon as
stop the bus went away. UA/PL
After
 Had = ‘d

?
My friend had been doing his homework for three hours before he went out with friends.

My friend hadn’t been doing his homework for three hours before he went out with friends.

Had my friend been doing his homework for three hours before he went out with friends?
UA/PL
- an action (Past Perfect Continuous) that was in progress during some time BEFORE another action (Past Simple) in the past
Дія, яка була в процесі протягом певного періоду часу ПЕРЕД іншою дією у минулому
Czynność, która trwała przez pewien czas PRZED inną czynnością w przeszłości

Everything was covered with snow and I understood

that it had been snowing all night long.
had + been +Verb (ing) = ‘d + been + Verb (ing)

We always say HOW LONG the action was in progress

Time markers By
For
Since
After
By the time + Past Simple UA/PL
Before + Past Simple