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Notes on Probability
Probability
Probability is the study of the uncertainty. The uncertainty of any
doubtful situation is measured by means of Probability.
Uses of Probability
Probability is used in many fields like Mathematics, Physical Sciences,
Commerce, Biological Sciences, Medical Sciences, Weather
Forecasting, etc.
Basic terms related to Probability
1. Randomness
If we are doing an experiment and we don't know the next outcome of
the experiment to occur then it is called a Random Experiment.
2. Trial
Toss of a coi
3. Independent trial
A trial will be independent if it does not affect the outcome of any other
random trial. Like throwing a dice and tossing a coin are independent
trials as they do not impact each other.
4. Event
While doing an experiment, an event will be the collection of some
outcomes of that experiment.
Example
If we are throwing a dice then the possible outcome for even number will
be three i.e. 2, 4, 6. So the event would consist of three outcomes.
Probability – An Experimental Approach
Experimental probability is the result of probability based on the actual
experiments. It is also called the Empirical Probability.
In this probability, the results could be different, every time you do the
same experiment. As the probability depends upon the number of trials
and the number of times the required event happens.
If the total number of trials is ‘n’ then the probability of event D
happening is
Examples
1. If a coin is tossed 100 times out of which 49 times we get head and
51 times we get tail.
Impossible Events
While doing a test if an event is not possible to occur then its probability
will be zero. This is known as an Impossible Event.
Example
You cannot throw a dice with number seven on it.
P (H) – 1 = P
= 0.8