Especialización en Fibra Óptica

MÓDULO 4

• Entrenador Regional
• Ing. Sergio Serna, RCDD,
RTPM, MTI
TENDENCIAS DE REDES LAN DE FIBRA ÓPTICA
 Ethernetalliance.org

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INSTALACIÓN DE FIBRA ÓPTICA
Fiber Installation
Pulling Tensions

• Observe necessary safety precautions to prevent

injury
• Observe cable pulling tensions (see product guide)
• Average tensions as follows
• 20Kgm (45 lbf) long term internal fiber
• 70Kgm (150 lbf) short term internal fiber
• 80Kgm (180 lbf) long term external fiber
• 242Kgm (600 lbf) short term external fiber

Cable tension
meter

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Fiber Installation
Pulling Fiber

• Fiber Bend Radii is 20 x OD while

under tension and 10 x OD when
dressed to containment
• Observe conduit capacity & bend
radii rules
• Observe pulling end preparation &
technique rules (e.g.. Kellems Grip)
and pull in draw rope with new
installations
• Always cut off minimum first 3mts of
fiber cable if pulled through ducts
• Always leave minimum of 3mts
spare at each end for re-termination
if required

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Fiber Installation
Inspection Ducts - Fiber
Is this installation acceptable?

Well labelled P ?
Cables not lying in the bottomP
Should cables be secured to the
side?
Is there enough slack?
If this was blown fiber should
anything else be considered?
Support underneath the
microduct?
Bigger warning labels?

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Fiber Installation
Blown Fiber

• Microduct & junction box

to one side of inspection
pit

• Other microducts not

suspended, so less
chance of accidental
damage

• Better protected

• Clearly labelled

Image Courtesy of Sceptre Networking Ltd

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Instalación en Ducto - Sacar Figura 8 del Carrete
• Saca cable del carrete para tener acceso al otro extremo
• Previene torcido del cable
• Mantiene radio de curvatura mínimo
• Figuras 8 múltiples pueden ser usados para minimizar altura y manejo de cables

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Fiber Installation
Panels - Fiber Routing

Smooth bends No
tension

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Fiber Installation
Panels – Unacceptable

• Fiber not round spools

• Fiber untidy
• Not managed
• Not acceptable!

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Fiber Installation
Panels – Sliding panels - cable management

• Ensure that cable does touch Tied not

lower than
back of rack or wall when 180 mm
(7 in.)
panel is retracted
• Secure cable with tie loosely
to allow panel to slide in and
out
• Leave sufficient slack on rack
or cabinet to allow for
movement
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Fiber Installation
Panels – Cable glands

?
• Cable gland not
tightened?
• Wrong size gland?
• Not enough slack?

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Fiber Installation
Panels – Cable glands

• Cable gland over-

tightened destroying
outer jacket
• Could be wrong size
gland has been used?

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Fiber Installation
Microbends & macrobends

Microbends Macrobends

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Siempre Practica Precauciones de Seguridad: Seguridad de Laser

• Trata todos electrónicos como activo y peligroso.

• Evita exposición directa de ojos al rayo de laser.
• Nunca opera el transmisor sin su cubierta o con una fibra desconectada.
• No mira en el transmisor directamente o en una fibra con microscopio con el
equipo activo.
• Siempre revisa si hay emisión de luz antes de empezar con restauración en
campo.
• Desconecta electrónicos del cable antes de usar un microscopio.

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 Mantenga Radio de Curvatura

R
!Sigue recomendaciones del fabricante para
radio de curvatura
!Típicamente 20 X diámetro del cable durante
instalación y 10 x diámetro del cable una vez
D
instalado

Diámetro = 2 X Radio

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Por que Tenemos que Asegurar Holgura Suficiente

• Facilitar la instalación
– Traer fibras a una mesa de trabajo
– Rutear hacía el hardware
– Errores pasan…
• Reparaciones
– Evita cambiar el cable
– Evita ruteo desmañado de fibra/cable
• MACs
• Minimizar atenuación

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Protege Componentes Expuestos de Fibra Óptica

• Fibra de 250 µm debe utilizar kits de fan-out para poder conectorizar

• Fibra de 900 µm se debe colocar en un panel
• Coloca cables donde no pueden ser maltratados o encerrados. Usa cinchos donde
necesario y etiquetas.

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 Instalar Cable Aéreo

Factores para considerar

• Condiciones de cargas ambientales
– Viento
– Hielo

• Instalación con mensajero o

• Opciones autosoportables

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Usa Equipos que Soportan la Curvatura Mínima del Cable

Bloque de esquina de 90°

Bloque multi-cable
Bloque de 45°
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 Instalación Aéreo: Atadura de Cables

Cables Sueltos Entran

Atador

Hilo de Atadura
Juntando Cable y
Mensajero

Jalado desde el Suelo

Cortesía de GMP
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Métodos de Distribución para Backbone de Campus - Conduit
• Entera conduit un mínimo de 45cm por debajo del suelo
• o por debajo de la profundidad de helada (frost line)
• Cumple con regulaciones locales de construcción

Registro

Cable
en Conduit
entre Edificios
Conduit
Encofrado en
Concreto

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Métodos de Distribución para Backbone de Campus – Enterrado Directo
! Entera conduit un mínimo de 60cm por debajo del suelo
! O por debajo de la profundidad de helada (frost line)
! Cumple con regulaciones locales de construcción

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Métodos de Distribución para Backbone de Campus - Aéreo
• 30m entre soportes máx.
• Cumple con regulaciones locales de construcción y
Hilo de Suspensión de telecomunicaciones
de Acero

Protector “U”
para Cable Cable
Aéreo
entre Edificios

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Métodos de Distribución para Backbone de Campus - Túnel
• Evita tubos de vapor etc.
• Algunos entornos de túnel pueden ser considerados
como “seco”
• Protección contra roedores puede requerir
consideración

Cable
en Túnel
entre Edificios

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Requerimientos de la Acometida (Entrance Facility)

Conduit

Jumpers o
Cat. 3 multipar
Interior
Cables de F.O.
Interior

LIU100A3 p. ej. 110

OFIU Blocks
Empalme Campo café

p. ej. 110
Cable #6 Blocks
de Tierra Campo blanco
Cable de F.O.
Exterior
TMGB
Protectores
p. ej. 190

Cable de Cobre
Exterior 9
Buffer Kit para Fibra de 250 µm es Requerido para su Conectorización
Directa
• Cable Exterior y algunos cables Interior/Exterior tienen recubrimiento de 250 micras y
requieren un kit de fan-out
• Requerido para terminación directa
• Este es obligatorio
• No requerido para empalmes con pigtails de 900 micras

¡NO!
"
Tubo

Fibra con recubrimiento(250 µm)

Cable
OSP

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Dividir y Aterrizar Cable OSP

• Usando cable con tubo central puede requerir de accesorios adicionales

• Abrazadera para Cable (12A1 o 12A2), Splitter Kits
– Tubo Buffer o break-out Kits, B-Sealant
– Materiales para tierra

Abrazadera
para tierra Splitter
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Bloquear Tubo Central & Protección de la Fibra

• Todos cables con llenado de gel deben ser bloqueado con B-Sealant y splitters
con un tamaño mayor
• Conectores son diseñados para buffer de 900 micras, entonces fibra OSP de 250
micras deben ser cubierta con un buffer de 900 µm para conectorización directa
• Estas mangas no son necesario con pigtails de 900 micras

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Terminar Tubo Central

Tubo termorrectractil para detener fibra de

250µm

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Coloca tubos sueltos en la charola
• Se muestra loose tube trenzado con tubo de 3mm,
250 micras a charola de empalme

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Fibra Interior/Exterior de 250 micras no requiere de bloqueador y puede usar el
splitter

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Fusion Splicing

• Put splice protector over fiber

• Clean fiber
• Strip to about 30mm or suitable length for
cleaver
• Cleave fiber to 15mm (This allows splicer to
adjust alignment)
• Do not re-clean fiber
• Clamp in fusion splicer
• Repeat process for other side
• Splice
• Heat shrink splice protector
• Test with VFL

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Insertando Empalmes en una Charola para Empalmes

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PRUEBAS DE CAMPO PARA FIBRA ÓPTICA

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Fiber Inspection
Visual Inspection - Check Connectors

Clean Connector
Good and Clean Connector Fingerprint
Fingerprint on Connector Dirty
DirtyConnector
Connector

Clean MPO
Connector

Dirty MPO
Connector
CommScope Inspection Cleaning kit
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Fiber Cleaning
Have The Correct Cleaning Tools

See cleaning
videos on the
course USB
stick
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Fiber Connectorization
Fiber Cleaning

• Fiber cleaning is essential always

when patching fiber cords, either new
cords or existing cords being re-
patched.
• Checking of fiber ports (in panels)
should be completed prior to
patching
• One-Click Cleaners or lint free wipes
must be part of a fiber engineers
equipment

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Fiber Connectorization
Fiber Cleaning
15.1µm

10.3µm

11.8µm

Core

Cladding

Actual fiber end face images of particle migration

• Each time the connectors are mated, particles around the core are displaced, causing them to migrate & spread
across the fiber surface.
• Particles larger than 5 µm usually explode & multiply upon mating with some larger particles creating barriers (“air
gaps”) that prevent physical contact.
• Particles less than 5 µm tend to embed into the fiber surface, creating pits & chips
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 PRUEBAS DE CAMPO

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 PRUEBAS DE CAMPO: IEC 61300-3-35

Prueba de campo que evalua la calidad del conector

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 PRUEBAS DE CAMPO: VFL

Prueba que evalua continuidad

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PRUEBAS OLTS (NIEVEL 1)

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Fiber Testing

• Calculate Design losses as in the previous fiber

section
• OLTS Loss testing is mandatory, OTDR is only
additional
• Testing verifies installed cabling meets design &
standards for link/channel
• All SYSTIMAX fiber links only require testing in one
direction
• SYSTIMAX horizontal links only require testing at
one wavelength
• SYSTIMAX backbone links require testing at two
Test Wavelength (nm)
wavelengths
850 1300 1310 1550
MMF Horizontal Link or
MMF Backbone and Composite Link and
SMF Horizontal Link or
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SMF Backbone & Composite Link
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL © 2017 CommScope, Inc
and
Fiber Loss Testing with Fluke Test Equipment

• Ensure correct parameters are set

• Ensure manufacturers test reference cords
are used

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Fiber Testing
Setting the Correct Test Parameters

• Setup the correct SYSTIMAX Fiber test

parameters
• For Warranty/Registration CommScope
Parameters should be used to ensure
they meet the Loss Calculations.
• ‘Standards’ losses are not acceptable.
NOT TIA or ISO

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Fluke CertiFiber Pro
Link Loss Calculator Integrated into Fluke Software

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Testing Pre-terminated Fiber Links
Measuring Link Attenuation

• Testing pre-terminated panel to panel is the same as that for standard links
• Remember to include MPO’s as well as end connectors
• High losses will require inspection.
• Cleaning kits should be available for all connectors in the link

ULL Solution

InstaPATCH

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Alpha PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL © 2017 CommScope, Inc
Beta
MPO Trunk Testers

• MPO trunk testers

• Automates & speeds testing
• Multimode & single-mode versions
• Ideal for MPO backbones
• Instant report on status of all fibers

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Comm S c ocourtesy
p e , I of
n cFluke Network
Loss Measurement Check-List

R 1. Set the correct fiber parameters on the tester

R 2. Check the date & time is correct
R 3. Select the correct test wavelength
R 4. Ensure sufficient battery charge for all testing
required
R 5. Allow at least 5 mins for the source to stabilize
(warm up)
R 6. Use the manufacturers supplied test cords
including EF controller
R 7. Ensure jumper fibers match fiber to be tested
R 8. Inspect & clean cord connectors
R 9. Do not disturb the connection to the source after
reference measurement

Failure to comply with these items, can invalidate the measurements

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Loss Measurement Documentation
Documenting the results if using basic testers

• Test person’s name

• Type of equipment & calibration
certificate
• Date of test
• Wavelength, spectral width, CPR
(coupled power ratio – MMF only)
• Fiber ID & end point locations
• Test direction
• Measured attenuation
• Acceptable link attenuation from
SYSTIMAX link Loss Calculator
(from design phase)
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PRUEBAS OTDR (NIVEL 2)

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OTDR Testing

• The OTDR operates by launching a

series of very short pulses of LASER
light into the optical fiber being
measured
• This light is scattered (by Rayleigh
scattering) throughout the length.
Some is scattered back towards the
OTDR

• Backscattered light is captured

by the OTDR & analyzed to
produce a profile of the
attenuation along its length

Pictures with permission Fujikura

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OTDR Testing

• An OTDR measures the attenuation coefficient this should produce a

straight line for the fiber
• In order to convert time to distance, the IOR (Index Of Refraction) for
the fiber needs to be specified at the OTDR

OTDR L 2L

Length

Length = L (Km)
Received
Power (dB)
Loss = x (dB)

The attenuation coefficient = x/L dBKm-1

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OTDR Testing
Why use an OTDR?

• The OTDR is essentially an analytical tool & may not

be as accurate at measuring attenuation as an
OLTS (especially if not selected & used correctly)
• It can provide:

- Link Length
- Attenuation of local & remote interfaces
- Joint Losses

• It should be noted that ‘events’ in close proximity

such as a pig-tail connector & splice may be seen
as a single event

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OTDR Testing
OTDR can measure the attenuation of a joint or splice

OTDR Launch Cable Being Tested

Cord

Loss at mated Large peak at

Launch connector peak
at OTDR end is ’Fresnel
size dependent reflection’ as
upon RLoss light goes into
Smaller in SMF air - again
Reflection smaller on SMF
Peaks connectors

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OTDR shot with permission FIA
OTDR Testing
Measuring Connectors & Joints

• Peak sizes are indicative of the

level of reflection at the ‘event’
Note: It is a
• SMF connectors are likely to SYSTIMAX
show smaller peaks due to the requirement that
more stringent Return Loss splices showing
(RLoss) specifications reflections (peaks)
• Similarly fusion splices should are re-made
show very small RLoss &
typically no peak Fusion Splice
showing no Joint Loss (dB)
reflection peak but
a small loss

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OTDR shot with permission FIA
OTDR Testing
Measuring Length

• Measuring the length of

the fiber either to a far OTDR Launch Cable Being
connector or break can be Cord Tested
completed via the two
leading edges of the Break in fiber
reflection peaks, however
on SMF the fiber to air or
connector may not show a
Fresnel reflection Break in SMF
fiber showing no
Fresnel reflection
peak

OTDR shot with permission FIA

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OTDR Testing
Launch Cords

• Launch cords are required to prevent the OTDR ‘Dead Zone’

masking a sensible assessment of the first event
• The length of the launch cord selected will depend upon the
capabilities of the OTDR
• It will depend upon the test MMF or SMF the pulse power & pulse
width & wavelength
• Launch cords should be made of the same fiber as under test &
be terminated in the same manufacturers connector as the link
under test (at the link end)
• Launch cords should be protected & labelled
• Duplex launch leads may be used to simplify duplex testing i.e.
Moving the OTDR end connection over
• Use of tail cords (same connector & fiber type) is recommended

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OTDR Testing
Tail cords provide the full picture
Cable Being
OTDR Launch Launch
Tested
Cord Cord

Local interface
loss (dB)

Link length (m)

Remote interface Total link

loss (dB) loss (dB)
OTDR shot with permission FIA
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Sesión de Preguntas
Ing. Sergio Serna, RCDD, RTPM, MTI