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Lipid Biochemistry
Lipid Biochemistry
Glycerophospholipids
are formed from
phosphatidic acid (PA)
Cephalin
Lecithin
By: Zelle Humma
By: Zelle Humma
i. Phosphatidyl Choline (PC) / Dipalmitoyl
Phosphatidyl Choline (DPPC) / Di Palmitoyl
Lecithin (DPL)
(Glycerol + 2 FA (Palmitoyl) + P + Choline)
1. PC is exported by liver in the bile and as a
component of plasma lipoproteins
• In liver Phosphatidyl serine (decarboxylation)
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (methylation)
Phosphatidyl choline
2. Acts as surfactant in lungs
• Surfactant = Complex mixture of lipids (90%) with
DPPC being the major component for reducing
surface tension + Proteins (10%).
• PC surfactant decrease the surface tension of this
alveolar fluid layer reducing the pressure to
reinflate alveoli thereby preventing alveolar
collapse (atelectasis)
• Fetal lung maturity can be gauged by determining
the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic
fluid A value ≥2 represents maturity reflects
the shift from sphingomyelin to PC synthesis that
occurs in pneumocytes at 32 weeks’ gestation.
• Low PC in fetal lungs Alveolar collapse
By: Zelle Humma
Respiratory distress syndrome
Phosphatidyl Choline (PC)
/ Dipalmitoyl
Phosphatidyl Choline
(DPPC) / Di Palmitoyl
Lecithin (DPL)
Glycerol + 2 FA (Palmitoyl) + P
+ Choline
(Pneumocyte I & II)
Functions:
a. PI acts as reservoir of arachidonic acid in
membranes Arachidonic acid is substrate
for prostaglandin synthesis
Stearic
Arachidonic
acid
acid
3 2 1
Phospholipase C
Barth syndrome:
•X-linked disorder
•Defect in cardiolipin
remodeling
•Results in
Cardiomyopathy,
muscle weakness,
and neutropenia
Diphosphatidylglycerol
By: Zelle Humma
3. Plasmalogen/Etherphosphoglyceride
Unsaturated Alkyl Group bound with Ether linkage
(Replaces FA at C-1 of glycerol bound with Ester
linkage in glycerophospholipid)
Plasmalogens have
“al” rather than “yl”
in their names.)
Plasmalogen
Ethanolamine
(Non-neuropathic)
Neutral Glycolipid
Acidic Glycolipid
GM2 means
G (for ganglioside) plus a
subscript M, D, T, or Q to
indicate whether there is
one (mono), two (di),
three (tri), or four (quatro)
molecules of NANA in the
ganglioside
By: Zelle Humma
By: Zelle Humma
By: Zelle Humma
By: Zelle Humma
Sulfatides (Sulfoglycosphingolipids):
Galactocerebroside
Sphingosine + Fatty acid Ceramide +
Sulfated Galactose
Negatively charged at physiological pH
Found in brain and kidney
Sulfate Donor