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Assigment On Inheritance & Variation (MCQ)
Assigment On Inheritance & Variation (MCQ)
Assigment On Inheritance & Variation (MCQ)
2 Albinism is an inherited condition in which pigment does not develop in the skin, hair and
eyes.
Q
cells in
R
reproductive gametes
organs
Q zygote cells of
embryo
Which processes are represented by stages Q and R?
A alleles
B genes
C genotype
D phenotype
A X allele
B X chromosome
C Y allele
D Y chromosome
6 Owners of successful race horses hope that the horses’ offspring will be like their parents.
7 In pea plants the allele for tall, T, is dominant to the allele for dwarf, t.
A TT × Tt B Tt × Tt C Tt × tt D tt × tt
8 Which substance is coded for by a length of DNA?
A fat
B fatty acid
C glycerol
D lipase
A a pair of chromosomes
B different versions of the same gene
C the total number of genes on one chromosome
D two genes side by side on the same chromosome
10 A pure-breeding plant with smooth stems was crossed with a heterozygous plant with hairy
stems.
What will be the ratio of hairy : smooth stems in the resulting plants?
A 1 hairy : 1 smooth
B 1 hairy : 3 smooth
C 3 hairy : 1 smooth
D all hairy
13 What will be the genotypes of the offspring resulting from a genetic cross between two
individuals, one of which is homozygous dominant, (TT), and the other heterozygous?
A all Tt
B 50% TT, 50% tt
C 50% TT, 50%Tt
D 25%T Tt,
A liver cell
B red blood cell
C sperm cell
D zygote
A a dominant allele
B a dominant chromosome
C a recessive allele
D a recessive chromosome
16 Some fruit flies have orange eyes and others have red eyes.
If two orange-eyed fruit flies are crossed, their offspring always have orange eyes.
If two red-eyed fruit flies are crossed, their offspring sometimes include both orange-eyed and
red-eyed flies.
A Crossing an orange-eyed fly with a red-eyed fly will produce a 1 : 1 ratio in the offspring.
B The allele for orange eyes is dominant.
C The allele for red eyes is dominant.
D We could determine which allele is dominant only by doing a cross that produces a 3 : 1 ratio.
A
C
21 The diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that divides by mitosis.
Which diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of one of the daughter cells produced?
A B C D
22 The diagram shows the fusion of gametes to produce a son and a daughter.
father mother
parents
gametes Q
offspring R
son daughter
23 What are the sex chromosomes for human females and males?
24 In fruit flies, the allele for grey body, G, is dominant over the allele for black body, g.
A Gg × gg B Gg × Gg C GG × gg D GG × Gg
25 A plant has two different alleles of a gene resulting in it having a green seed.
Which row describes the phenotype and genotype of the seeds of this plant?
henotype genotype
A Gg heterozygous
B Gg homozygous
C green heterozygous
D green homozygous
26 The shape of a person’s earlobes is determined by a single gene. This gene has dominant and
recessive alleles.
The allele for detached earlobes is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes.
children
attached detached detached
What is the probability of the next child from the same parents having detached earlobes?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%
27 Which sex chromosomes are present in all mature human sperm cells?
DNA strand
DNA strand
If the allele for white fur is dominant, which animal must be heterozygous for the gene controlling
fur colour?
A B
1 2 3 4 5 6 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22
What can be deduced about the person who has these chromosomes?
A development of organisms.
B mechanisms of inheritance.
C nuclear division.
D variation between species.
A blood group
B body mass
C health
D height
34 Most birds have a coloured pigment in their feathers, but in a few individuals, pigment is absent
and the birds are albinos.
Albinism occurs when a bird is homozygous recessive for the gene which creates the coloured
pigment.
If two albino birds mated, what describes the appearance of their offspring?
A all albino
B all coloured
C 50% coloured, 50% albino
D 75% coloured, 25% albino
35 In an animal, the allele for straight fur is dominant to the allele for curly fur.
A pair of these animals mate and have nine offspring with straight fur and three with curly fur. F
represents the allele for straight fur and f represents the allele for curly fur.
Parents who do not suffer from the condition produce an albino child.
What is the probability that their second child will be born albino?
F1 genotypes Pp × Pp
phenotype purple flowers white flowers Y
gametes P p P p
F2 genotypes PP Pp Pp pp
phenotype purple flowers white flowers
ratio 3 : 1
40 In cats, the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair. A short-haired cat gives birth
to five kittens. Two of them have long hair.
41 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that occurs when an individual is homozygous for
a
recessive allele.
If parents are both heterozygous for this characteristic, what is the probability that their first
child will have cystic fibrosis?
If these F1 plants pollinate themselves, the next generation (F2) contains both red and white-
flowered plants.
AThe allele for red flowers is dominant and the F1 plants are heterozygous. B
The allele for red flowers is dominant and the F1 plants are homozygous.
C The allele for red flowers is recessive and the F1 plants are heterozygous.
D The allele for red flowers is recessive and the F1 plants are homozygous.
44 A pure-breeding white mouse was crossed with a pure-breeding black mouse. All their offspring
were black.
Then, one of the offspring was bred with a pure-breeding white mouse. They produced 10 baby
mice.
A 5 black and 5
white B 8 white and
2 black C 10 black
D 10 white
45 How does a haploid nucleus differ from a diploid nucleus of the same species?
50 A short-toed animal was crossed with a long-toed animal of the same species. All the offspring
had short toes. One of these offspring was crossed with another long-toed animal of the same
species.
51 In pea plants, the allele for tall stems is dominant to the allele for short stems.
A heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a short plant, and 100 offspring are produced.
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 100
52 The nucleus in a body cell of a fly contains 12 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes are there in the nucleus of a sperm from this fly?
A 3 B 6 C 12 D 24
53 In a species of plant, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (r).
54 The diagram shows a potato tuber that developed from the stem of a parent potato plant. Three
shoots are starting to grow from the tuber.
shoot
tuber
How do the genotypes of the shoots compare with the genotypes of the tuber and of the parent?
A mouse with black fur was crossed with a mouse with white fur. All the offspring had
black fur. What would be the most likely ratio in several litters of offspring if two of
56 What is always found in female gametes and may be found in male gametes?
A one X chromosom
B one Y chromosome
C two X chromosomes
D one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
57 In rabbits, the allele for dark fur, R, is dominant to the allele for white fur, r.
The diagram shows a cross between a rabbit with dark fur and a rabbit with white fur.
A BB × BB B Bb × Bb C Bb × bb D bb × bb
59 Which type of reproduction and which type of cell division produces nuclei with half the number of
chromosomes?
60 The diagram shows a family tree and the inheritance of the ability to taste a certain substance.
2nd generation
key
represents a male ‘taster’ represents a male ‘non-taster’
represents a female ‘taster’ represents a female ‘non-taster’
Which statement about the genotypes of the sisters Mary and Jeanne is correct?
2nd generation
Peter Hannah
3rd generation ?
key
represents a male ‘taster’ represents a male ‘non-taster’
represents a female ‘taster’ represents a female ‘non-taster’
What is the chance of the second child of Peter and Hannah being a ‘non-taster’?
A 1 in 1 B 1 in 2 C 1 in 3 D 1 in 4
62 Albinism is an inherited condition in which pigment does not develop in the skin, hair and eyes.
A 0% B 50 % C 75 % D 100 %
63 In cats, the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair.
A short-haired cat and a long-haired cat had several families of offspring (kittens). All their kittens
were short-haired.
yellow fruit
purple fruit
A PP × Pp B PP × pp C Pp × Pp D pp × Pp
65 What is true of the chromosomes present in the daughter nuclei after meiosis and after mitosis?
How many chromosomes are there in the nuclei of its pollen grains?
A 8 B 16 C 32 D 64
brown
× wolf W
Brown colour is caused by a dominant allele B and white colour by a recessive allele b.
What are the genotype and the phenotype of wolf W?
68 In the life cycle of a mammal, what describes the eggs or sperms and the cells of the embryo?
69 Which cross shows how a boy inherits sex chromosomes from his parents?
A B C D
mother father mother father mother father mother father
XY XX XY XY XX XY XX XY
A differences in climates
B differences in diets
C differences in genes
D differences in hormones
A competition for resources B. production of many offspring C. selection by humans D. variation within the
population
73 What is a mutation?
A a change in a gene or chromosome B. a condition caused by a dominant allele C. a process used in genetic
engineering D. a type of continuous variation
75 The bar chart shows the heights of pea plants grown from 500 pea seeds.
What variation do the plants show? A. continuous variation only B. discontinuous variation only C. both
continuous variation and discontinuous variation D. neither continuous variation nor discontinuous variation
What can be concluded from the graph? A. Genes do not affect the mass of tomatoes. B. Type 1 tomatoes show
continuous variation. C. Type 2 tomatoes are sometimes smaller than type 1 tomatoes. D. Type 2 tomatoes show
discontinuous variation.
78 A man who was blood group A and a woman who was blood group B had four children, each with
a different blood group A, B, AB and O. Which type of variation does this demonstrate?
A. continuous, environmental and genetic B. continuous and genetic only C. discontinuous, environmental and
genetic D. discontinuous and genetic only
79 Cacti have fewer stomata than other plants. How does this help them to survive in desert conditions? A. It
increases loss of water. B. It increases uptake of carbon dioxide. C. It reduces loss of water. D. It reduces uptake of
carbon dioxide.
THEORY
1. (a) Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited disease. The gene for haemoglobin exists in two forms, HbN and HbS.
People who are HbSHbS have the disease and experience symptoms including fatigue and extreme pain in their
joints. People who are HbNHbS are carriers of the disease and may have mild symptoms, if any at all. (i) Table 2.1
shows four genetic terms. Complete Table 2.1 by stating a specific example, used in the paragraph above, of each
genetic term.
[2]
(ii) Sickle cell anaemia is not found throughout the whole world. Most cases of the disease occur in sub-Saharan
Africa and in parts of Asia. The distribution is similar to that for the infectious disease malaria. Explain why the
distribution of sickle cell anaemia and malaria are
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(b) Down’s syndrome is an example of a characteristic that shows discontinuous variation. State the cause of
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(c) Explain how discontinuous variation differs from continuous variation, in its expression and cause.
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