CChopter-Moticr in our gurroundng

Matter
Hnthing that hos mc6% 8 occupes opoce Cvoumel
is Ccilled moter

Eq-Air, Lcher, hydrogen, Sugar

Panch 1adva
>Hater
Air
SKy
>Farthn
Fire

Made b O
Mater 16 made upa hny pieces or
parhdes.
Idrop-about 10 parhdes
IoooocooooOOco.aOOCcooo

Characteristics o Parice o Mater

They very very srmall
are

They hve apoces bo them

The are maving
cnhhuously maving
They atrac eadh other. Spial
 Date..

brawnian Motion
i h e zig-Zoq ohon C parhceS Suspended
in gs (or
liquid) o called brouonian mohon

By robert broLon.

Dillugion
lhe inkerr0ixinq ol parhcles ol
mater o n their OLOn 1.called

dillueion.
maiter ba6ed on
wnch s the
DilluaiOn 16 a property o
t Occuren h e Gases, liqpid.or.solid.
moton r s parhcles.

iDcreasee On ncreCEing the temperahure

The rare oldiuson

Teroperahure,Mchon Diluaon

States o Mater:
liquids Sas Plooma Bose-Einstein
Solids Con deneate
COEC)

Spiral
 Dute

Preperties o Solid
Sclide have a jixed shape and Volunne
Sohd are rigid.
Densityhign
Ompresabiity>Negligable
Force oL Atrachon very stornq
Sold
,mak
Space bluo poarhdle 5min

Prdberies diquds
ghape- Not jixed
Nolume> Fixed
Deneity Moderate IMediurm
Fluidi.c thes Can jiow
ompressl bilityNegligoble
FoA MediumIModerate
Spoces5 Meclium

Prcperties d6oses
Shape Not jxed
Volumes Not Ked
penGity MIDimun
Fluid
COmpreselbiluby Hichiy
F o A Minimum
Spuces9Moximum

Denoty8
SAal
 Date.....s

Plasma
uh state al mater
cind ions.
e e electfons
Mxture ol
stcs, he
naturally in the stars.InSide the
Plasma occurs mixhure
tne c t o r 6 breakdcon.This
that
emp 16 So bign a Star. Stars gou due to
elecon and the one n

O Jree hem.
prebence. a poena iD

troug
be made an earth by pasang eectrichy
E iO eprecBure
a k e n in glace hube.
eaees ot yery

Bose-Einsten (ondensate

centst Sciyendra Nath

Bose did some
Indig AIbert
I n 1920, a n baGis Cthat
m a t e r . On n e
colculc.hon or
5 " Siate o1
omater.
he xiStence a n e o otate
enstein predicked

3SCienis LUSR by Cooing

achieved by
-th stote amatter uoa to SDper lo Beomp
oua denGity
agae oj extremely

he Uhit o bstCe emperatre

-35T Ot Kelvin CK)

031315K)
Tenb inCt13-Temp ink Spiral
Change in Qtate a Mater
He can change the etate omater in.dNala
By Changin the temperature Cincldec)
aBy chonging the teeppe Preasure Cinclcec)

DBy Chanaing tempercture

Tree Decrese
CHechne) coling)

What Hapþen on Heahnq 22

Heat
Heat Hect

TempT Mothont Kinehc Energy

Force ol Attrachon Spaces
Solid Liquid
CO0O0 Heat OOOGOHeO
Hear

What Happen on Cooing??

Cool
Termp,Mahon Kioehic Eq
Force c cttrachon space

O O00
g0s licuid solid
Sperat
 Date.

Elects d Change in Temperoture

DOcid to iqud: Mehnq IFueion
Ihe process o conversion.l solid ito iquid.on hech og
16 Called rmehnq lFubio0.

Melting Point-The temp.at uohch.a soid.cmete.and.chonge

into iquid ct ahrmcephenc Preosurei9.cal led
MP
O'
Liquid to Gos:Baing.lNapounzahon.
h e procece o conYereioD liquid into go5 On heahng 1
called Boiling lvopourisahon.

Bailing Paint-Tne temptnich iqid-ga.ct

atooepheriC pres5ute 1s Called BP
BPo Water-loo)

a) Gas liquid: Ccndensahon

SThe procee o ConVerbloD Q9as ioto iquid on (colng i9
Ccilled condenoahon

4 Liquid to Sold: bclidilacion Ereezinq

The proCeos o converalon o igid into bolid on cooingo
cCillec reezing

5) Solid io acS: Oublimghon

The pracess Ojconeroian aloid ito setl.qce urhout
comng 10 ICjuid etate O CCilled bublimahen.
Ee: Cavmphor, Todne hmoniom choricle Spoal
 Date.../...d n
4Gaso bclid Depcaion
The procebs.o Convereon oj gc6 into oclid
Cormin o.liquid Gtate o called. uithoot
deposithon.

diquid
ooldic-on
Fueio
Soid2aimaron
Cond
Deposhon
Napoarizahony
epeahon
Gcs

Latent Heat:
Lctert Hect c FLeicn: 5-2
The hect s
benGused by the parhcles t ice to overcome the
rce o atrachon blo them and get convertc
owoter.
The arnount o hect require by Kg o olid to ger
Ho liquid at converteg
ctrocdpnend preceure and ct melhng pant is
Called lotenr hect O Jueon

Lotent Heat cl Napariaahon:- SG

The heat 15 béng uoed by the Parhdes water to cvercom
the orce o crtrcachon bllo them andqet converked o Steamm
>The arnount ol he at re qoired by Ika cLOcte to qet
converted to gcat cimaapheric preasure t et at Bp
ccallel LHY
Speral
 Oate

ab Changina Pres6ure
Eect o dhange ol preseure
Gaases an be liquejied by Hpplying Pressure d louderiog3
Temp- aas LooTiuid state Chonge
L d e can aleo 5ay gcées Cain be liquejied by compresecn
cnd cooling-
Soid Carbon Diaside Cdry ice) ie stured unde higb preosur
CO, gcio ( O soid Dry ice
This is because on decreasng the pres6Ue on eolid.cQt
eets conveted chrecty into CQ ges For eg-ohen a slab
o olid cCo Kept exposed to air, then the preseore on it
io reduced Ho normat atmopheric pesatre ,ts fempT
CIDd it Stcirts ChanginG mo CO gos

tyoporation
The procese n Lohidh a liqud gets cooverted to gaeecue
state at any temp belouo ia BP ie caled eabcrathon

Eq-drying ajcloins, weloorSeabondl rivers

Reaeon Jor Evaporahon

Parhcle ol mater.bave derent kinehc epergy borme

es at the Surlace iqad have.qreater KE tho oher
pCirh Ce
wHcles . Thus, they are clbe 10 cNeGiDe Juteolcatachhors
bly hem E get converted +o gaseCuS otate. Sainal
 Date.d
HoLo dces evaporehoncauaes cocling 22
liquide qets converted into. gae b abeoring energy
inthe erm o latent hect olvappourieahon
They abeorb this energy/heat jrom euraundling

(Suncunding) Hecr Loolnc

Factor A]ecting Evaberaticn
Surlace cieq Suracee phenomena- Greater o
cliretly proporhonal greater E

Tergperature 3 areater sremp KE

Pirecty proporho CaYEaBer E
o pairicle in

A Humidiby >The amount o uoaker vapour present in air

Ihverely
Preportional Called humidity

The cir can bald adeinete anoount cy aV

in it ctagiven hemp

H E HA E
HJ hlind-a dindTLohen the oind spe i6 cmose,it taka qwaw
Directy Ev the uav ithit, thereby decreaáig tne amt
proporhiong.
CLOY 1n the sorraundinG

Spial