Answer 1.

Introduction
Securitization is the new in retail banking as it converts loans/assets into receivables.
A security is a financial product that may be traded. It derives its worth from the
market and the underlying things it stands for.There are two justifications for bank
securitization involvement. The first is that securitization gives the bank access to
more capital, and the second is that it may be used as a risk management tool. The
change of the earlier point provides an explanation. Loans to liquid assets that would
otherwise be illiquid are securitized and utilised to borrow money through a Special
Purpose Entity (SPE).
Concept And Application
Securitization works and is treated as credit risk mitigation tool
With property securitization, a structured finance strategy, credit can be delivered
directly to market processes as opposed to through economic intermediaries.
Through the use of securitization, providers consciously encourage the
commoditization of possession risk through unmediated debt refinancing, in which
resource markets allocate money to the useful purposes of economic tasks. The
overall goal of securitization is to expand your utilisation of alternative sources of
possession financing by relocating certain risk exposures. Securitization offers
financiers a wider range of investable assets, but this is not its sole advantage. The
adaptability of securitization buying enables issuers to modify the risk-return
characteristics of tranches to suit the risk appetites of financiers. In certain
circumstances, instead of selling the securities to the corporation directly, explorers
will sell the credit risk attached to the assets The cost discrepancies between
acquired assets which are typically illiquid and the price that financiers are willing to
pay for them can be exploited by providers using synthetic securitization.
Securitization's original purpose was to assist businesses and financial institutions in
their search for new sources of funding by either removing assets from their balance
sheets or borrowing money rather than repurchasing the initial investment at a fair
market price. It reduced their borrowing costs and, in the case of banks, the cost of
funding the basic resources required by law.
In its simplest version, securitization therapy consists of simply two steps. The first
stage for a company with capital or other income-producing assets, referred to as the
originator, is to identify the assets it wants to remove from its balance sheet and add
them to what is known as the referral profile. The pool of assets is subsequently sold
to an issuer, such as a special purpose vehicle a company established to acquire the
assets and complete their off-balance-sheet categorization for tax and accounting
purposes. The corporation sells tradable, interest-bearing safeguards to investors in
the resources markets in the second stage to obtain funds to buy the mixed
properties. A trustee account that is financed by the cash flows generated by the
recommendation portfolio pays investors at a fixed or variable rate. Typically, the
originator manages the portfolio's finances, collects initial customers' repayments,
and then distributes the monies directly to the SPV or the trustee, minus a
maintenance fee. Securitization essentially involves the transfer of credit risk from
businesses to financiers, making it a unique and diverse source of funding.
Conclusion
We conclude the securitization industry has undergone significant upheaval. It is no
longer associated with conventional homes or financial products like mortgages or
bank loans or consumer financing that have built-in issues. As large, reputable
businesses and banks have used securitization to convert future capital from hard-
currency export receivables or remittances into present money, it has seen
extraordinary development in emerging nations.
Answer 2.
Introduction
Retail banking refers to the area of a bank that primarily caters to individual clients
and small businesses. Its main moto is to make the products which will make
customer happy as well as profit for bank.
Concept And Application
RETAIL BANKING AS A SIMPLIFICATION AND DIVERSIFICATION TOOL:
The financial market has seen significant change during the past years . In the early
phases of bank expansion, the government favoured the producing industries, so
that bank credit was supplied to them. But when India's middle class expanded and
significantly increased its purchasing power, regulatory authorities became more
lenient and let banks to offer even for consumption. The banks have transformed into
a digital market where, among other non-banking financial goods or services, they
provide customers. Technology improvements including the growing usage of credit
and debit cards, ATMs,debit card transactions, and phone banking have contributed
to the rise of retail banking in India.
Just several Indian banks imitated the Western nations' retail banking model, and
retail banking started to take off. As time passed, many banks followed suit. Price
quotations indicate that approximately a quarter of all bank credit came from retail
loans. Consumer credit has successfully transitioned from being a vendor's to a
buyer's market. They all emphasise how retail lending in India is now growing
economically. Due to the model's many benefits for the banks, including the chance
to acquire a sizeable customer base, a variety of product portfolio, competitive rates,
and production, all Indian banks have used it.
Demand from customers for retail banking will only increase. Customers are willing
to transfer providers in exchange for material removal support and dependable
egocentric channels. Greater transparency, capacity, and comfort in relation to
simpler retail banking solutions are becoming increasingly popular in India.
In the present competitive banking climate, particularly in the retail banking industry,
improved customer experience is essential to growing the share and preserving the
retail banking company. To do this, deep customer understanding is required, hence
banks use a variety of the following techniques to evaluate the same. The future of
retail banking is being driven by digital delivery channels and related digital services.
It is rumoured that more conventional bank clients are migrating to new, new firms.
Through the use of mobile and representative networks, transformational innovation
has a significant chance to connect with underserved customers, offer new products,
strengthen consumer relationships, look into potential new sources of income,
reduce costs, and, most importantly, improve the economy. The rapid increase in
mobile usage, technical advancements, and legislative frameworks that enable the
development of financial services have all contributed to this transformation
Conclusion
India's retail banking sector has lately seen fast expansion and has swiftly emerged
as one of the key engines powering the whole banking sector in the nation. The way
that retail banking customers live their lives is always changing because to advances
in technology. Customers who choose to do their routine financial transactions at any
time and from any location will favour banks more and more.
Answer 3a.
Introduction
The unbanked benefit from branchless banking. It locates the holes in conventional
financial offerings and designs a good or service to fill these holes. Even established
financial institutions are now following market trends and considering branchless
banking as a way to cut costs and enhance customer service. While bank branches
will still exist in the future, it is realistic to expect that their sizes and numbers will
decrease.
Concept And Application
Vision of the Government in branchless banking
Many houses in India with modest incomes lack access to banking services.
Financial inclusion aims to remove these barriers and offer competitively priced
banking services to the less fortunate sections of society so they may become
financially independent without relying on charity or other non-sustainable sources of
money. Everyone should be active and contribute to prudent financial management,
according to the Public Investment Policy.The Indian government has taken a
number of unique initiatives to encourage financial inclusion. The goal of these
initiatives is to provide social protection to the social groups that are less fortunate.
The government implemented initiatives with financial inclusion as a goal after
extensive planning and study by several financial professionals and legislators.
i. The strict rules and high standards already in place in the financial industry
should be followed by these organisations. For people who are less fortunate
to be able to rely on the sources they need, financial sustainability must be
built and maintained.

ii. Understanding the benefits of financial services among cultural segments that
are financially vulnerable is the goal of financial inclusion.
 iii. The development of financial services is advantageous for society's less
fortunate segments.

iv. Increase the nation's level of financial knowledge and renown.

v. To provide digital financial solutions to the country's most economically

challenged citizens.
Conclusion
Government will take care even when some uneducated people are aware of bank
facilities They might not meet the minimal qualification standards established by
banks, in which case they would be unable to use a bank's services.
Answer 3b.
Introduction
Banking sector goal is to bring more people in under the banking wide range. The
two most common talking points in the nation's banking discussions are technology
and financial incorporation. Technology advancement is slowed down by the
inclusion of finance, although mobile banking is progressing swiftly. They are
developing and utilising new technologies in a calculated and determined effort to
interfere rather than be interfered with.
Concept And Application
There are different technologies to bring more people in banking ambit
 Artificial intelligence has long been a driving force behind e-banking and has
been steadily improving the banking industry to provide consumers a higher
degree of value, reduced risks, and far better opportunities as the economic
engines of our modern economy. assisting fresh growth and altering how
customer wants are addressed.
 Digital trade is strongly encouraged by the Indian government. With the
launch of the United Payments Interface (UPI) and the Bharat Interface for
Money, the National Payments Company of India (NPCI) has made two
crucial advancements in technology in the Indian payment systems business
(BHIM). With the use of the UPI smart device interface, people may instantly
transfer money to anywhere in the india to pay any bill of hotels school now
adays we also pays fees online payment gateway.
 The banking sector handles sensitive and private data, which has made it a
popular target for hackers. To identify risks and prevent system disruption,
they are increasingly incorporating powerful analytical, real-time monitoring,
biometrics, and behavioural analysis tools. Additionally, they are using anti-
 hacking solutions that offer network-level protection and scan for odd activities
and potential threats.
 As consumers on cash declines, businesses like WhatsApp, Google, and
Amazon are developing their own payment systems. The manner that people
use their mobile devices to make payments is changing as a result of
biometric payments. After scanning their codes and number payments are
completed immediately.
Conclusion
Day by Day technologies are increasing various apps are opened by banks Like SBI
bank open Yono bank due to that many things we can do by sitting at home Every
bank trying a best to meet their customer needs and wants.