1- A coal sample has the following composition by weight; C = 75 %, O2 = 4

%, S = 5 %, and ash = 3%. Net calorific value of the fuel is 9797.71kcal / kg.
Calculate the percentage of hydrogen and gross calorific value of coal.
2- List A good fuel characteristics.
3-Disadvantage of solid fuels.
A-Correct the following sentences: -
1-The combustible substance usually present in air.
2-The mixture of gases such as CO2, O2, CO, etc., coming out from the
combustion chamber is called fuel gases.

Petroleum is classified on the basis of various types of hydrocarbons.

Petroleum is classified into three types based on variation of chemical nature
of crude oil found in the earth.
Liquid fuels are comparatively costlier than the solid fuels.
Gaseous fuels can be easily transported through the pipes.
All conventional fossil fuels whether solid, liquid or gaseous (coal, petroleum
or Natural gas) contain basically carbon and / or hydrogen. The fuels on
combustion in presence of oxygen in the air release heat energy.
A good fuel should have the moderate ignition temperature.
Coal is an important primary solid fuel that has been formed as a result of
alteration of vegetable matter under some favor able conditions.
Kerosene (C10-C16) It is relatively a high boiling fraction obtained between
180-250oC during fractional distillation of petroleum.
Diesel (C15-C18) It is used as a very good diesel engine fuel.
Asphalt It is used for road making and making water-proofing roofs. It is also
used for the manufacture of water proofing concrete and water proofing
paints.
Gasoline (C5-C9) It is a low boiling fraction of petroleum obtained between 40
- 120o C.
Natural gas is always found above the oil in the oil wells. It consists of
methane and other saturated hydrocarbons.
Bulb I : It consists of ‘potassium hydroxide’ solution and it
absorbs only CO2.
II - bulb : It consists of ‘alkaline pyrogallol’ solution and it
absorbs only CO2 and O2.
III - bulb : It consists of ‘ammoniacal cuprous chloride’ solution
and it absorbs CO2, O2 and CO.
Ignition Temperature It is defined as “the lowest temperature to which the
fuel must be heated, so that it starts burning smoothly”.
Volume of air required for the complete combustion of 1m3 of mixture
containing 75 % of CH4 and 25 % of C2H6?
1 volume (or m3) of C2H6 requires 3.5 volume (or m3) of
O2 for complete combustion.
A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be re-made or re-grown
at a scale comparable to its consumption.
A- Write out the combustion equation for C9H20.