Submitted By:

S.M Irfanul Haque Noor

Student ID: 191001610
 Gold Nanoparticles.

Anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted the interest of scientists for over a

century, but research in this field has considerably accelerated since 2000 with the synthesis of

numerous 1D, 2D, and 3D shapes as well as hollow AuNP structures. The anisotropy of these

nonspherical, hollow, and nanoshell AuNP structures is the source of the plasmon absorption in

the visible region as well as in the near-infrared (NIR) region. This NIR absorption is especially

sensitive to the AuNP shape and medium and can be shifted towards the part of the NIR region

in which living tissue shows minimum absorption. This has led to crucial applications in medical

diagnostics and therapy (“theranostics”), especially with Au nanoshells, nanorods, hollow

nanospheres, and nanocubes. In addition, Au nanowires (AuNWs) can be synthesized with

longitudinal dimensions of several tens of micrometers and can serve as plasmon waveguides for

sophisticated optical devices. The application of anisotropic AuNPs has rapidly spread to optical,

biomedical, and catalytic areas. In this Review, a brief historical survey is given, followed by a

summary of the synthetic modes, variety of shapes, applications, and toxicity issues of this fast-

growing class of nanomaterials. [1]

This review is focused essentially on the synthesis and applications of gold nanoparticles in the

field of medicine and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology has become one of the most

interesting and advanced areas of research in this field. Among nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles

demonstrate special advantages in this field due to their unique properties, small size and high

surface area-to-volume ratio. These particles have been widely used in various biomedical

applications and drug delivery systems due to their inert nature, stability, high dispersity, non-

cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. [2]

The past few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of functionalized

gold nanoparticles for applications in various fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy and

physics. Although it has been more than 150 years since they were first synthesized, extensive

research has recently been undertaken to improve or modify gold nanoparticles, thereby opening

up opportunities to enhance and optimize their potential and breadth of their applicability.

Recently developed methods have allowed a precise control of gold nanoparticle size and the

modification of gold nanoparticles with suitable protecting and functionalizing agents, facilitate

their applications in different areas such as chemical and biological sensing, imaging and

biomedical applications. This review focuses on the recent developments in various methods for

the size and shape controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles, understanding of different

properties of gold nanoparticles and their applications in various fields. Particular attention is

given to the chemical and biological sensing applications of gold nanoparticles and on the

advances in the controlled ordering of gold nanoparticles for creating nanostructures for diverse

applications. [3]

Gold nanoparticles and their arrays are some of the most studied nanomaterials, with promising

applications in many fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis and biology. In order to

protect bare gold nanoparticles from aggregation, to manipulate the optical, electronic and

catalytic properties of the gold core, as well as to control interfacial properties, the gold

nanoparticles are generally capped by an organic layer. Previous studies [C.D. Bain, G.M.

Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110 (1988) 3665–3666] have revealed that many phenomena

(e.g., wetting, friction and adhesion), are sensitive to the top few angstroms of a surface. The

interfacial properties of a gold surface derivatized with a self-assembled monolayer will thus be
dictated by the functionalities present on the outer side of the monolayer. The synthesis,

functionalization and surface structure of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles have been

intensively studied in recent times [M.-C. Daniel, D. Astruc, Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 293–346].

In addition, the aggregation and dispersion of colloidal nanoparticles is one of the key issues

related to their potential applications. The forces that govern the colloid stability of nanoparticle

dispersions, and how to control them, have yet to be fully investigated. Here special attention has

been paid to control of colloid stability using external stimuli. In this feature article, the

following five areas are reviewed: synthesis and applications of nanostructured particles;

formation and structure of self-assembled monolayer protected gold nanoparticles; colloid

stability—DLVO and non-DLVO forces; photochemistry, photochromism and pyrimidine; and

manipulation of colloid stability with external stimuli. [4]

Glyco-gold nanoparticles combine in a single entity the peculiar properties of gold nanoparticles

with the biological activity of carbohydrates. The result is an exciting nanosystem, able to mimic

the natural multivalent presentation of saccharide moieties and to exploit the peculiar optical

properties of the metallic core. In this review, we present recent advances on glyco-gold

nanoparticle applications in different biological fields, highlighting the key parameters which

inspire the glyco nanoparticle design. [5]

 References

[1] D. P. Z. P. D. A. Na Li, "Wiley Online Library," 13 January 2014. [Online]. Available:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anie.201300441. [Accessed 5 January 2023].

[2] A. Khan, "Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Drug Delivery," Tropical Journal of
Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 13, no. 7, p. 1169, 2014.

[3] S. Alex and A. Tiwari, "Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties and Applications,"
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1869-1894, 2015.

[4] J. S. A. Jingfang Zhou, "Functionalized gold nanoparticles: Synthesis, structure and colloid stability,"
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 331, no. 2, pp. 251-262, 2009.

[5] F. Compostella, O. Pitirollo, A. Silvestri and L. B. J. O. C. Polito, "Glyco-gold nanoparticles: synthesis

and applications," Beilstein Journal of organic Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 100, pp. 1008-1021, 2017.

Compostella, F.; Pitirollo, O.; Silvestri, A.; Polito, L. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1008–

1021. doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.100