SERVICE MODEL DESIGN BASED
ON COLUD COMPUTING
Janvi Kawtikwar1 , Swati Kesarwani1 , Vaishnavi Khedekar1 , Manoj Ghag2
1_
Student, 2_Assistant Professor
(Department of General Engineering, Usha Mittal Institute of Technology, SNDT Women’s University’s
Santacruz(W), Mumbai-49, India)
ABSTRACT - The process planning
service model design based on cloud
computing is an approach to enable
businesses to achieve optimal planning and
management of their manufacturing
processes. This model leverages the cloud
computing paradigm to provide flexible
and scalable services that can be accessed
from anywhere at any time. The cloud-
based process planning service model
involves the use of virtualized resources,
such as computing power, storage, and
networking, to provide a cost-effective and
scalable solution for process planning. The
model relies on a centralized server that
can be accessed by multiple users
simultaneously, allowing for collaborative
planning and real-time updates. The design
of the process planning service model
involves several key components,
INTRODUCTION - Process planning is a crucial
aspect of manufacturing that involves designing
and optimizing the steps involved in producing a
product. It involves coordinating resources,
identifying potential bottlenecks, and optimizing
the production process to ensure maximum
efficiency and profitability. With the increasing
complexity of manufacturing processes and the
growing demand for customized products, process
planning has become more challenging than ever.
Cloud computing, on the other hand, has emerged
as a powerful technology that enables businesses to
access virtualized resources over the internet,
providing flexibility, scalability, and cost-
effectiveness. By leveraging cloud computing,
businesses can reduce infrastructure costs, increase
operational efficiency, and gain access to advanced
analytics capabilities. The process planning service
model design based on cloud computing is a
promising approach that leverages the power of
cloud computing to enable businesses to optimize
including a cloud-based infrastructure, a
centralized process planning server, and a
set of software tools for process modeling,
analysis, and optimization. The model also
incorporates data analytics capabilities,
which enable businesses to collect and
analyze data from various sources to gain
insights into their manufacturing
processes.
KEYWORDS - Process planning,
Manufacturing processes, Cloud
computing, Virtualized resources,
Scalable solution, Collaborative planning,
Real-time updates, Centralized server,
Software tools, Process modeling,
Process analysis, Process optimization,
Data analytics, Cost-effectiveness,
Flexibility.
their manufacturing processes. This model involves
a centralized server that provides access to process
modeling, analysis, and optimization tools over the
internet, enabling businesses to collaborate on
process planning in real-time. This model has
significant advantages over traditional process
planning approaches. It provides businesses with
the flexibility and scalability needed to adapt to
changing market conditions and customer demands.
Additionally, it enables businesses to leverage
advanced analytics capabilities to gain insights into
their manufacturing processes, identify potential
bottlenecks, and optimize their operations for
maximum efficiency and profitability. In this
context, the process planning service model design
based on cloud computing offers a promising
solution for businesses looking to improve their
manufacturing processes and stay competitive in
today's rapidly changing market.

Evolution of design and manufacturing systems
Engineering design
Engineering design is a social and technical process
in which products are designed by teams of people
in single or multiple companies. Many researchers
have proposed descriptive models that abstract the
engineering design process. Among these models,
one of the most widely known is perhaps the one
proposed by Pahl and Beitz. It presents a
systematic engineering design approach including
four core design phases: product planning and
clarifying the task, conceptual design, embodiment
design, and detail design [1]. Similarly, Ulrich and
Eppinger [2] introduce a more refined design
process by incorporating prototype testing,
refinement, and production ramp-up into the
original Pahl and Beitz approach. Since these two
well-accepted design approaches were first
proposed and later on become common design
practice in industry, many similar models based on
a similarly linear sequence of design phases have
been proposed. Interestingly, almost all of these
models represent incremental variations or
modifications of the before-mentioned two original
based models. In addition to systematic design
processes, product design also needs to be
facilitated by computer-aided systems to assist
designers in the creation, analysis, and optimization
of a design. Design engineers have used Computer-
Aided Design (CAD) systems to design products
since the 1960s. Table 2 briefly summarizes key
milestones of the evolution of computer-aided
design from centralized standalone systems, to
distributed web-based systems, and finally to CBD.
It is argued that the first CAD system,
SKETCHPAD, was developed at MIT by Ivan
Sutherland in the early 1960s [2]. SKETCHPAD
was a centralized standalone system which
consisted of a large and at the time expensive
computer with 306 kilobytes of core memory, an
oscilloscope display screen, a light pen for input,
and a pen plotter for output [4]. The first
commercial applications of CAD systems were
found in large enterprises, mainly in the automotive
and aerospace industries. Back then, those were the
only ones who could afford and justify the
extremely high operation and maintenance costs of
the early-day CAD systems. With the advancement
of computer hardware and geometric modeling,
CAD systems could be run on more affordable
personal desktop computers and allowed for 3D
solid modeling. With the advancement of the
Internet and the client–server model, distributed
CAD and the sharing of decentralized computing
resources became possible. Later on, web-based
CAD system based on the thin server–strong client
architecture turned out to be hard to implement
because of the heavy-weighted client mechanism;
however, CAD systems based on the strong server–
thin client architecture model are more effective
and efficient in distributed and collaborative
settings because of their light-weighted client
mechanism [4–6]. One of the latest technological
advancements related to computer-aided product
development, often referred to as cloud-based
design (CBD), started to emerge at the beginning of
the 2010s. Because of the inherent characteristics
of CBD systems as stated before based on cloud
computing, virtualization, multi-tenancy,
ubiquitous access, software-as-a-service, pay-
peruse business model, and so on, it has the
potential to become a game changer for the next
generation distributed and collaborative design. In
this paper, we focus on the system/tool-related
aspects of engineering design as opposed to the
design process itself. A discussion of the potential
impact of CBD on the design process itself in the
broader context of social product development
deserves a separate paper [5].
Manufacturing systems
Similar to design systems, manufacturing systems
have undergone a number of major transitions due
to changing market demands and emerging
technologies [3]. Table 3 shows a brief evolution of
manufacturing paradigms from the assembly line,
to Toyota production systems (TPSs), to flexible
manufacturing systems (FMSs), to reconfigurable
manufacturing systems (RMSs), to web- and agent-
based manufacturing systems, and finally to CBM.
For example, Henry Ford created the first assembly
line, in which interchangeable parts can be added to
a product in a sequential manner to produce
finished products more efficiently and cost-
effectively. In the 1960s, to reduce manufacturing
costs, TPSs, also known as just-in-time production
systems, were devised. TPSs are characterized by a
number of principles that assist in eliminating
waste by reducing waiting time, inventory, and the
number of defective products. In the 1980s, to yield
new product variants, FMSs were developed,
allowing for a high degree of functional flexibility.
Specifically, the major advantage of an FMS is that
it allows for variation in both parts and assemblies;
however, its implementation is usually costly.
According to Koren et al., ‘‘in order to quickly
adjust production capacity and functionality within
a part family in response to sudden changes in
market or in regulatory requirements,
reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) are technology to enhance the efficiency and
designed at the outset for rapid change in structure, effectiveness of process planning.
as well as in hardware and software components’’ .
The key features of RMS include modularity,
integrability, customization, convertibility, and
diagnosability [1].

The previously stated manufacturing systems fall

into the category of centralized manufacturing with
significant changes in machine tools,
manufacturing plant layouts, and business models.
With the development of the Internet, distributed
manufacturing systems have been increasingly
adopted by industry; two major approaches for
distributed manufacturing are web- and agent-
based manufacturing systems. Web-based systems
use the client–server architecture with the Internet
to provide a light-weight platform for
geographically dispersed teams to access and share
manufacturing-related information via a web
browser [4]. Likewise, with the increasing
structural and functional complexity of web-based
manufacturing systems, agent-based manufacturing Fig-2
systems aim at improving computational
performance and communication using agents [5]. Cloud computing is a technology that allows
Agent-based manufacturing systems consist of businesses to access virtualized resources over the
agents (e.g., manufacturing cells, machine tools, internet, providing flexibility, scalability, and cost-
and robots) exhibiting autonomous and intelligent effectiveness. By leveraging cloud computing,
behaviour such as searching, reasoning, and businesses can centralize their process planning
learning. For example, an agent is an independent activities and provide access to process modeling,
problem-solver capable of marketing decisions by analysis, and optimization tools over the internet,
interacting with other agents and its environment. enabling real-time collaboration and information
sharing.

Fig-1 Fig-3

LITREATURE REVIEW - Process planning is a

Several studies have investigated the potential
critical component of manufacturing that involves
benefits of using cloud computing for process
designing and optimizing the steps involved in
planning. For example, a study by Zhou et al.
producing a product. In recent years, there has been
(2014) proposed a cloud-based process planning
a growing interest in leveraging cloud computing
system that enabled real-time collaboration among
stakeholders, including designers, planners, and
manufacturers. The study found that the system
could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
process planning by reducing the time and cost
required for process planning.
Another study by Singh et al. (2016) proposed a
cloud-based manufacturing platform that integrated
process planning, production scheduling, and
resource allocation. The study found that the
platform could improve the agility and
responsiveness of manufacturing operations by
enabling real-time decision-making and resource
optimization.
Similarly, a study by Sankar and Saravanan (2017)
proposed a cloud-based process planning system
that integrated process planning, scheduling, and
quality control. The study found that the system
could improve the quality and reliability of
manufacturing processes by providing real-time
monitoring and feedback.
Fig-4
Despite the potential benefits of using cloud
computing for process planning, there are also
several challenges that need to be addressed. For
example, ensuring data security and privacy is a
critical concern when using cloud computing, as
sensitive manufacturing data may be vulnerable to
unauthorized access and cyber-attacks. In addition,
ensuring interoperability and data exchange among
different systems and applications can also be a
challenge
To address these challenges, several studies have
proposed frameworks and methodologies for cloud-
based process planning. For example, a study by
Wang et al. (2018) proposed a cloud-based process
planning framework that addressed the challenges
of data security and interoperability by
incorporating blockchain technology. The study
found that the framework could enhance the
security and privacy of manufacturing data and
enable seamless data exchange among different
systems and application.
CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE -
Cloud computing architecture refers to the
underlying structure and design of cloud computing
systems that provide on-demand access to shared
computing resources such as servers, storage,
applications, and services over the internet. Cloud
computing architecture typically involves multiple
layers of abstraction that allow users to access and
utilize computing resources without having to
manage the underlying infrastructure.
Fig-5
The following are the main layers of cloud
computing architecture:
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): This layer
provides users with virtualized computing
resources such as servers, storage, and networking.
Users can provision and manage these resources
on-demand, allowing them to scale up or down as
needed.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): This layer provides
users with a complete development and deployment
environment that includes operating systems,
databases, middleware, and other tools. Users can
develop, test, and deploy applications without
having to manage the underlying infrastructure.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS): This layer
provides users with access to software applications
over the internet. Users can access these
applications from any device with an internet
connection, without having to install or maintain
any software on their own devices.
4. Network as a Service (NaaS): This layer
provides users with virtualized network resources
such as routers, switches, and firewalls. Users can
configure and manage these resources on-demand,
allowing them to create custom network topologies
to meet their specific needs.
5. Security as a Service (SecaaS): This layer
provides users with cloud-based security services
such as antivirus, intrusion detection, and data
encryption. Users can access these services on-
demand, without having to manage the underlying
security infrastructure.
Fig-6
Cloud computing architecture can be implemented
in several ways, including public, private, and
hybrid clouds. Public clouds are owned and
operated by third-party cloud service providers,
while private clouds are owned and operated by
individual organizations. Hybrid clouds combine
elements of both public and private clouds,
allowing organizations to leverage the benefits of
both while maintaining control over their sensitive
data and applications.
PROCESS PLANNING SERVICE MODEL
DESIGN - Process planning service model design
involves creating a framework for delivering
process planning services using cloud computing
technology. The goal is to provide users with a
flexible and scalable process planning platform that
enables real-time collaboration, analysis, and
optimization. The following are the key
components of the process planning service model
design:
1. Cloud-based process planning software: The first
component is a cloud-based process planning
software that provides users with access to process
modeling, analysis, and optimization tools over the
internet. The software should be user-friendly and
customizable to meet the specific needs of different
users.
2. Real-time collaboration and information sharing:
The second component is a real-time collaboration
and information sharing platform that enables
stakeholders to share information, data, and
insights in real-time. This platform should be
secure, reliable, and easy to use.
3. Integration with other systems: The third
component is integration with other systems such
as manufacturing execution systems (MES),
enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and
product lifecycle management (PLM) systems. This
integration should be seamless, allowing users to
access and exchange data between different
systems without any issues.
4. Data security and privacy: The fourth component
is data security and privacy. This is a critical
concern in process planning, as sensitive
manufacturing data may be vulnerable to
unauthorized access and cyber-attacks. The process
planning service model design should incorporate
robust security measures such as data encryption,
access controls, and intrusion detection and
prevention systems.
5. Scalability and cost-effectiveness: The final
component is scalability and cost-effectiveness.
Cloud computing technology enables users to scale
up or down their process planning resources as
needed, making it a highly cost-effective solution
for manufacturing organizations of all sizes. The
process planning service model design should
ensure that users can access the resources they need
quickly and easily, without incurring significant
costs.

Fig-7
CLOUD-BASED PROCESS MODELING AND
ANALYSIS TOOLS - A cloud-based process
modeling and analysis tool is a software application
that enables users to create, visualize, and optimize
business processes using cloud computing
technology. This tool typically runs on a cloud-
based platform, which provides users with access to
a range of resources such as servers, storage, and
networking over the internet.
Fig-8
The following are some of the key features of a
cloud-based process modeling and analysis tool:
1. Process modeling: The tool should allow users to
create process models using a range of modeling
techniques such as flowcharts, activity diagrams,
and BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation)
diagrams. These models should be easy to create,
visualize, and modify, and should provide users
with a clear understanding of how their business
processes operate.
2. Collaboration and sharing: The tool should
enable users to collaborate and share their process
models with other stakeholders such as team
members, customers, and partners. This
collaboration should be real-time, allowing users to
work together on the same model simultaneously
and see changes as they occur.
3. Analysis and optimization: The tool should
provide users with a range of analysis and
optimization tools that enable them to identify
bottlenecks, inefficiencies, and other process
issues. These tools should help users to optimize
their processes for maximum efficiency and
effectiveness.
4. Integration with other systems: The tool should
integrate with other systems such as ERP
(Enterprise Resource Planning) and CRM
(Customer Relationship Management) systems,
enabling users to access data from these systems
and incorporate it into their process models.
5. Security and privacy: The tool should
incorporate robust security and privacy measures
such as data encryption, access controls, and
authentication protocols. This ensures that users'
data is protected from unauthorized access and
cyber-attacks.
Fig-9
DATA ANALYTICS CAPABILITIES - Data
analytics capabilities refer to the ability of a system
or software to collect, process, analyze, and
interpret data in order to generate insights, identify
patterns, and make data-driven decisions. In the
context of process planning service model design
based on cloud computing, data analytics
capabilities are crucial for optimizing business manufacturing process based on the insights
processes and improving operational efficiency. generated from the analysis. This helps to optimize
the process and improve operational efficiency.

Fig-10
Fig-11
The following are some of the key data analytics
capabilities that a process planning service model LIMITATION AND ASSUMPTIONS - The
should have: following are some of the limitations and
1. Data collection and integration: The model assumptions that could apply to a study on process
should be able to collect data from various sources planning service model design based on cloud
such as manufacturing equipment, sensors, and computing:
other data sources. The data should be integrated
into the model to provide a complete view of the
manufacturing process

2. Data processing: The model should be able to

preprocess data, clean it, and transform it into a
format that is suitable for analysis.

3. Descriptive analytics: The model should be able

to analyze data to provide descriptive statistics such
as mean, median, and mode. This helps to provide a
better understanding of the current state of the
manufacturing process.

4. Diagnostic analytics: The model should be able

to identify patterns in the data that indicate why
certain events occurred. This helps to diagnose the
root cause of issues and address them effectively.

5. Predictive analytics: The model should be able to

Fig-12
use historical data to predict future events. For
example, predictive analytics can be used to
forecast equipment failures, identify potential
1. Sample size: The sample size of the study may
bottlenecks in the manufacturing process, and
be limited due to factors such as time constraints,
optimize inventory levels.
budget, and access to participants. This could limit
6. Prescriptive analytics: The model should be able the generalizability of the results.
to recommend specific actions to improve the
2. Data quality: The quality of the data collected
may be affected by factors such as measurement
errors, respondent bias, and missing data. This
could affect the accuracy of the results and limit the
validity of the study.
3. Selection bias: The participants in the study may
not be representative of the broader population,
which could limit the generalizability of the results.
4. Assumptions about cloud computing: The study
may assume that cloud computing technology is
widely adopted and accessible, which may not be
the case for all organizations.
5. Technological limitations: The study may
assume that the technology used for process
planning service model design based on cloud
computing is fully developed and functional, which
may not be the case in practice.
6. Environmental factors: The study may not
consider external factors such as economic, social,
and political factors that could impact the design of
process planning service models based on cloud
computing.
Fig-13
RESULT - The results of a study on process
planning service model design based on cloud
computing would depend on the research
methodology, data collection, and analysis
techniques used. However, some potential results
of such a study could include:
1. Increased efficiency: The use of cloud
computing technology could result in increased
efficiency in process planning service model
design. This could be due to factors such as faster
data processing, improved collaboration, and
access to real-time data.
2. Cost savings: Cloud computing technology could
lead to cost savings in process planning service
model design by reducing the need for expensive
hardware and software, and enabling organizations
to scale their computing resources as needed.
3. Improved flexibility: Cloud computing
technology could provide greater flexibility in
process planning service model design by enabling
organizations to quickly adapt to changing business
needs and customer demands.
4. Security concerns: The use of cloud computing
technology could raise security concerns around the
storage and management of sensitive data.
Organizations would need to implement
appropriate security measures to address these
concerns.
5. Adoption challenges: The adoption of cloud
computing technology could be challenging for
some organizations due to factors such as limited
resources, lack of technical expertise, and
resistance to change.
Fig-14
SCOPE –
1. Cloud Architecture: Cloud architecture involves
designing and developing cloud-based solutions for
businesses. Cloud architects have a vast scope of
opportunities to work with various cloud platforms
and technologies such as Amazon Web Services,
Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
2. Cloud Security: With cloud computing, data
security has become a critical concern for
businesses. Cloud security professionals can help
organizations secure their data and applications by
implementing robust security protocols and
practices.
3. Cloud Migration: Many businesses are moving
their applications and data to the cloud for cost-
effectiveness and scalability. Cloud migration
experts help organizations with the seamless
transition to the cloud.
4. Cloud Infrastructure Management: Cloud
infrastructure management involves managing the
underlying infrastructure of cloud-based solutions.
It includes tasks such as configuring servers,
monitoring network traffic, and ensuring high
availability.
5. Cloud DevOps: Cloud DevOps involves
integrating software development and IT operations
in a cloud-based environment. It offers a vast scope
of opportunities for professionals to streamline
development and deployment processes.
6. Cloud AI/ML: Cloud-based Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning services have
become popular, and many businesses are
exploring their potential. Cloud AI/ML
professionals can help businesses develop and
deploy AI/ML models on cloud platforms.
Fig-15
CONCLUSION - Process planning is a critical
component of manufacturing and production
processes that involves the design and optimization
of production processes to meet specific goals and
objectives. The primary goal of process planning is
to ensure that production processes are efficient,
cost-effective, and meet customer demands.
Effective process planning involves various tasks,
including process modeling, analysis, simulation,
and optimization.
The emergence of cloud computing technology has
provided new opportunities for organizations to
improve their process planning service model
design processes. Cloud computing is a technology
that allows users to access computing resources,
such as software, storage, and processing power,
over the internet. This technology enables
organizations to leverage the power of the cloud to
streamline their process planning service model
design processes.
One of the main benefits of cloud computing
technology in process planning service model
design is increased efficiency. Cloud computing
technology enables organizations to process data
faster, collaborate more effectively, and access
real-time data. This allows organizations to
optimize their production processes and improve
their overall performance.
Another benefit of cloud computing technology in
process planning service model design is cost
savings. Cloud computing technology eliminates
the need for organizations to invest in expensive
hardware and software and enables them to scale
their computing resources as needed. This helps
organizations to reduce their operating costs and
improve their bottom line.
Cloud computing technology also provides greater
flexibility in process planning service model
design. Organizations can quickly adapt to
changing business needs and customer demands by
leveraging cloud computing technology to access
the computing resources they need when they need
them. This enables organizations to stay
competitive and agile in an increasingly dynamic
business environment.
However, the adoption of cloud computing
technology can also present security and adoption
challenges that need to be carefully considered and
addressed. Cloud computing technology raises
security concerns around the storage and
management of sensitive data. Organizations need
to implement appropriate security measures to
address these concerns.
The adoption of cloud computing technology can
also be challenging for some organizations due to
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