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GT3 Mi1134e
GT3 Mi1134e
Chapter 1
Series
P
1 f)
n=1 10n+2
c) (sin n + 1 sin n)
n=1
✓ ◆
P
1 1 P
1 1
d) ln 1 + g) arctan
n=1 n n=1 n2 +n+1
Exercise 1.2. Test for convergence:
1. Divergence test
1 ( 1)n .n
◆ ✓ ✓ ◆
P P
1 1 P
1
n 1
a) c) cos e) ( 1) cos
n=1 n + 1 n=1 n2 n=1 n
✓ ◆n
P1 2n + 3 P1 n+1
b) d)
n=1 6n 1 n=1 n+2
2. Comparison tests
p p
P1 n2 + n + 1 P
1 n
e 1 P
1 2
a) p d) g)
n=1 n
2 n+2
n=1 n n=1 ln(2n + 1)
p p ✓ ◆
P1 n+2 n P
1
n
P1 1 1
b) e) arctan(2 ) h) p sin p
n=1 2n + 1 n=2 n=1 n n
✓ ◆
P1 1 P1 ln n P1 4 + cos n
c) ln 1 + f) 2
i) 2 n)
n=1 n n=2 n n=1 n (1 + e
1
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3. Ratio test
P1 2019n P1 nn
a) P
1 (n!)2 e)
n! c) n
n=1 n=1 (2n + 1)! n=1 4 .n!
P1 1 (2n + 1)! P1 n! P1 en n!
b) n n2
d) n2
f) n
n=2 3 1 n=1 3 n=2 n
4. Root test
✓ ◆n 2 ✓ ◆n 2 1 ✓ ◆n 3
P
1 3n + 1 P
1 n P
1 1
a) c) e) cos
n=1 3n + 2 n=2 n+2 n=2 n
✓ ◆n 2 ✓ ◆n2 +1
P1 1 1 P1 1 n 2
b) n
1 d) n
n=2 4 n n=1 3 n
5. Integral test
P1 ln n P
1 1 P
1 1
a) 2
c) e)
n=2 n n=4 n ln n ln(ln n) n=2 ln(n!)
p
P1 ln n P
1 e n
b) d) p
n=2 n n=1 n
n2
✓ ◆
P
1 2 n2 .3 P1 1 1 P1 ( 1)n (n 1)
b) d) cos cos f)
n=1 n2 n=1 n+1 n n=2
2
n +1
2
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P1 ( 1)n P1 nx + ( 1)n P
1
e) nx
b) h) n.e
n=1 nx n=1 n n=1
✓ ◆n 1 (n!)2
P
1 1 P1 1 P
c) n+1
f) x+ i) xn
n=1 x n=1 n n=1 (2n)!
Exercise 1.6. Determine the domain of convergence of the following power series:
P1 x2n P
1 enx P1 ( 1)n .n
a) d) 2 g) p (1 3x)n
n=1 n n=1 n + n + 1 n=1
3
n +1
✓ ◆n
P1 (x + 2)n P
1 n2 P1 1 2n
b) p e) 3
(2x + 1)n h) x2n+1
n=1 n n n=1 1 + n n=1 2n + 3
P
1 n P
1 xn
c) (x 2)n f) n n
n=1 2n + 1 n=1 2 + 3
Exercise 1.7. Test for uniform convergence on the given set of the following series:
P1 sin nx P
1 x
a) , on R e) , on [0, 1)
n=1 2x 2 + n2
n=1 1 + n4 x2
P
1 e nx
+1 P
1 x
b) , on [0, 1) f) , on (0, 1]
n=1 n2 n=1 (1 + (n 1)x)(1 + nx)
P
1 xn P
1
c) 2 n , x 2 R g) (1 x)xn , on [0, 1]
n=1 (4x + 9) n=1
✓ ◆n
P
1 1 2x + 1 P
1 ( 1)n 1
d) n
, x 2 [ 1; 1] h) 2
, on R.
n=1 2 x+2 n=1 x + n + 2
P
1 sin nx
Exercise 1.8. 1. Let F (x) = . Prove that
n=1 n3
(a) F (x) is continuous 8x (b) lim F (x) = 0 P1 cos nx
x!0 (c) F 0 (x) =
n=1 n2
Z ⇡ ✓ ◆
cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
2. Prove that + + + . . . dx = 0.
0 1.3 3.5 5.7
Exercise 1.9. Find the sum of the following function series or number series:
P
1 P
1 xn+1
a) nxn , x 2 ( 1; 1) d) , x 2 ( 1; 1)
n=1 n=1 n(n + 1)
P
1 xn P1 x4n 3
b) , x 2 ( 1, 1) e) , x 2 ( 1; 1)
n=1 n + 1 n=1 4n 3
P
1 P1 ( 1)n .⇡ 2n+1
c) (n2 + n)xn+1 , x 2 ( 1, 1) f)
n=1 n=1 (2n + 1)!
3
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P
1 ( 1)n P1 3n + 1
g) i)
n=1 (n + 1).2
n
n=1 8n
P1 ( 1)n+1 P
1 1
h) j)
n=1 (2n 1)3n n=1 (2n)!!
In each part, find the points of discontinuity of the function. To what value does the series
converge at those points?
e) f (x) = x(⇡ x), x 2 [0, ⇡] into a Fourier cosine series. Then prove that
X1
1 ⇡2
= .
n=1
n2 6