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Bài 2 - Logarit (Chương 2)
Bài 2 - Logarit (Chương 2)
a, b a 1 a b a b
log a b
log a b a b a, b 0, a 1
a, b a 1
log a 1 0 log a a 1 a loga b b log a a
a, b1 , b2 a 1
b1
log a b1b2 log a b1 log a b2 log a log a b1 log a b2
b2
1
log a b1 log a b1 ; log a n b1 log a b1
n
log c b
a, b, c a 1, c 1 log a b
log c a
1 1
log a b b 1 log a b log a b 0
log b a
log10 N N 0 lg N
log N
e log e N N 0 ln N
ln A B ln A ln B A 0, B 0
log a b.log b c .log c a 1 a, b , c
1 2 3 4
a, A, B , M , N a, M , N 1
C AB AB 0 2 ln C ln A ln B
a 1 log a x 0 x 1
M loga N N loga M
lim log 1 x
x
2
1 2 3 4
P log a a. 3 a a 0 a 1.
1 3 2
P P P P 3
3 2 3
– a 1 P log a
a.
1
P 2 P 0 P P 2
2
4
1
1 1 1
2
f x x 2 log4 x 8 x 1 1 0 x 1 P f f 2017.
3 log 2 2
P 2016. P 1009. P 2017. P 1008.
a, b 1 ab 1.
P log a b log b a 2 log a b log ab b log b a 1
P log b a. P 1. P 0. P log a b.
A b; log a b , B c ;2 log a c C b;3 log a b 0 a 1, b 0 c 0 B
OAC O S 2b c .
S 9. S 7. S 11. S 5.
a, b, c a 2 bc . S 2 ln a ln b ln c
a a
S 2 ln . S 1. S 2 ln . S 0.
bc bc
M log12 x log 3 y x 0, y 0.
x x
M log 4 M log 36 M log 9 x y . M log15 x y
y y
a, b, c 1 log a b 2 x , log b 2 cy
P log c a.
2 1 xy
P . P 2 xy. P . P .
xy 2 xy 2
log 2 log 8 x log 8 log 2 x P log 2 x .
2
x
1
P 3. P 3 3. P 27. P .
3
x 1 log 2 log 4 x log 4 log 2 x a a
P log 2 x a
P 4 a 1
. P a2 . P 2a. P 2 a 1.
p
p q log 9 p log12 q log16 p q A .
q
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
A . A . A . A .
2 2 2 2
c c
a, b , c 0 4 a 25b 10 c T
a b
1 1
T . T 10. T 2. T .
2 10
5
1 1 1
M ... 0 a 1 0 x 1
log a x log a2 x log a k x
k k 1 4 k k 1 k k 1 k k 1
M M M M
log a x log a x 2 log a x 3 log a x
1 1 1 1
P ... .
log 2 2017! log 3 2017! log 4 2017! log 2017 2017!
P 2017. P 1. P 0. P 2017!.
3 4 5 124
a ln 3, b ln 5. I ln ln ln ... ln a b.
4 5 6 125
I a 2b. I a 3b. I a 2b. I a 3b.
P ln 2 cos10 .ln 2 cos 2 0 . ln 2 cos 30 ...ln 2 cos 89 0 89
ln 2 cos a 0 1 a 89 a
2 89
P 1 P 1 P P 0
89!
1 2 x
f x log 2
2 1 x
1 2 3 2015 2016
S f f f ... f f
2017 2017 2017 2017
.
2017
S 2016. S 1008. S 2017. S 4032.
log 2 x 2 P log 2 x 2 log 1 x 3 log 4 x .
2
11 2 2
P . P 2 P . P 3 2.
2 2
– a, b a 1,
P log a b log a 2 b .
3 6
x x
3 3
6
1
– log 3 a 2 log 2 b
2
I 2 log 3 log 3 3a log 1 b 2
4
5 3
I I 4 I 0 I
4 2
– a 1
1 1
log 2 a log a 2. log 2 a . log 2 a . log 2 a log a 2.
log 2 a log a 2
– a b a 2 b 2 8ab
1
log a b log a log b . log a b 1 log a log b.
2
1 1
log a b 1 log a log b . log a b log a log b.
2 2
– x, y x 2 9 y 2 6 xy
1 log12 x log12 y
M .
2 log12 x 3 y
1 1 1
M . M . M . M 1.
2 3 4
– a, b a 1
1
log a2 ab log a b log a2 ab 2 2 log a b
2
1 1 1
log a2 ab log a b log a2 ab log a b
4 2 2
– a
x , y.
x log a x x
log a log a log a x y
y log a y y
x x
log a log a x log a y log a log a x log a y
y y
a, b , x , y 1
log a x y log a x log a y log b a.log a x log b x
1 1 x log a x
log a log a
x log a x y log a y
a, b a 1
log a a ab 4 2 log a b.
2
log a a 2 ab 4 log a a b .
a
log a 2 ab 2 2 log a a b . log a
a 2 ab 1 4 log a b.
ab 0
ln ab ln a ln b. ln a 2 b 3 ln a 2 b .
3
a a
2
ln ln a ln b . ln ln a 2 ln b 2 .
b b
a, b a 1
a 1 a 1
log a3 1 2 log a b .
1
log a3 1 log a b .
b
3
2 b 3
a 1 1 a 1
log a3 1 log a b . log a3 3 1 log a b .
b 3 2 b 2
– a b 1 a b
a 0;1 .
a; b 0;1 a; b 0;1 a; b 1; .
b 1;
a 1;
a; b 1; . a; b 0;1 b 1; .
b 0;1
a, b , x , y a 1, b 1 x 2 y2 1 log a x y 0
log b xy 0
a 1
a 1
0 a 1 0 a 1
0 b 1
b 1
b 1 0 b 1
a, b, c 1 log a b logc a 1.
a 2 bc . a 2 log b c . b c. a c.
9 log x 4 log y 12 log x . log y
2 2
x, y
x 3 y2 x 2 y3 2x 3y 3x 2 y
x ln 2, ln 2 1, ln 2 3
x x
x 1. x 2. x log 2 5. x log 2 3.
a a
log 0,5 a log 0,5 a 2
5 5 4 2
a a a a
4 4 5 3
1
x
1
M x 0 ; y0 y y
3 9
x0 2 x 0 2 x 0 2 x0 2
–
6% /
– A A
15%
A
6 2
8%
253,5 251 253 252,5
0.5%
a 14.261.000 a 14.260.000
a 14.261.500 a 14.260.500
– 12%
8
100.1,01 1,01
3 3
m m
1,01 1
3
3
120.1,12
3
100 1,03
m m
1,12 1
3
3
100 000 000 5
a
1,2%
1,2 1,2
59 60
2C
5C 10%
t C f t f t k.a t
a, k
C 20%
9,3C 7,6C 6,7C 8, 4C
25
24
7 log 3 25. 37. 7 . log 3 25.
3