Challenges of implementing the Bangladeshi constitution:

1.Corruption:
Corruption is one of the biggest challenges to implementing the Bangladeshi constitution. It
undermines the rule of law, weakens institutions, and erodes public trust in government.
Corruption can make it difficult to ensure that the constitutional rights and protections of citizens
are being upheld, as officials may be more concerned with their own interests than those of the
people they are supposed to serve. It can also lead to a culture of impunity, where those in power
are able to act with impunity, knowing that they will not be held accountable for their actions.

2. Political polarization:
Political polarization is another major challenge to implementing the Bangladeshi constitution.
When political parties are deeply divided and unable to work together, it can be difficult to enact
constitutional reforms or to uphold the rule of law. In addition, political polarization can lead to
social unrest and violence, which can further undermine the constitutional order.

3. Social and economic inequality:

Social and economic inequality is a persistent challenge in Bangladesh and can make it difficult
to ensure that the constitution is being implemented fairly and equitably. Poverty, lack of access
to education and healthcare, and other forms of marginalization can make it difficult for citizens
to fully exercise their constitutional rights and freedoms.

4. The role of civil society:

Civil society plays an important role in upholding the constitution and holding government
officials accountable. However, in Bangladesh, civil society organizations may face restrictions
on their activities or be subject to government interference, making it more difficult for them to
fulfill this role effectively.

5. Lack of political will:

Even if the constitution provides for certain rights and protections, government officials may
lack the political will to implement them in practice. This could be due to competing priorities,
fear of backlash from certain groups, or a lack of understanding of the importance of
constitutional principles.
6. Weaknesses in the legal system:
The legal system in Bangladesh has faced criticism for being slow, cumbersome, and prone to
corruption. This can make it difficult for citizens to seek redress for violations of their
constitutional rights, and can undermine public trust in the justice system.
7. Limited resources:
Implementing the constitution may require significant resources, such as funding, personnel, and
infrastructure. In a country with limited resources like Bangladesh, this can be a challenge,
particularly in areas such as education, healthcare, and social welfare.

8. Lack of public awareness:

Citizens may not be aware of their rights and protections under the constitution, which can make
it difficult for them to demand accountability from government officials. This could be due to a
lack of education or information, or due to a culture of deference to authority.

9. Interference from external actors:

External actors, such as foreign governments or international organizations, may interfere in the
implementation of the constitution, either intentionally or unintentionally. This could include
exerting pressure on the government to implement certain policies or restricting the government's
ability to act in certain ways.

10. Resistance from traditional power structures:

Traditional power structures, such as religious or cultural leaders, may resist efforts to implement
certain constitutional provisions, particularly if they feel that their interests are being threatened.
This can make it difficult to enforce certain provisions or to change entrenched practices.

11. Climate change:

Bangladesh is one of the countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, which can
have a significant impact on the implementation of the constitution, particularly in areas such as
environmental protection, disaster management, and the rights of vulnerable populations.

12. Gender inequality:

Gender inequality remains a significant challenge in Bangladesh, and can make it difficult to
ensure that the constitutional rights of women and girls are being upheld, particularly in areas
such as education, employment, and political representation.

REFERENCES:
1. Ahmed, F. (2016). Bangladesh’s Constitutional Governance: Challenges and Prospects. Asian Journal of
Comparative Law, 11(1), 1-21.

2. Alam, M. S. (2018). Political Parties and Constitutionalism in Bangladesh. South Asian Survey, 25(2),
177-192.

3. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Bangladesh Statistics 2020. Retrieved from

https://www.bbs.gov.bd/site/page/4f5b9565-2b29-4a6c-aeb2-cc8571b6fece/Bangladesh-Statistics-2020

4. Human Rights Watch. (2021). Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/asia/banglades

5. International Crisis Group. (2019). Bangladesh: Backsliding on Democracy. Retrieved from
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/bangladesh/bangladesh-backsliding-democracy

6. Islam, N. (2016). The Role of Civil Society in Democracy: Case Study of Bangladesh. Journal of Applied
Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6(1S), 11-17.

7. Kabir, H. (2019). Bangladesh’s Constitution and the Protection of Human Rights: A Critical Review.
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8. Uddin, M. A., & Islam, M. S. (2019). The Challenges of Implementing the Constitution of Bangladesh:
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9. United Nations Development Programme. (2021). Bangladesh. Retrieved from

https://www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/countryinfo.html

10. World Bank. (2021). Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh