LESSON 1

PERSONALITY
- It refers to the total person, the expression of what you are and what you do, the core of each
individual, and even the product of all the responses that are expressed in everyday living.
- Image one is showing to other people be it acceptable to them or not.
Very essence of one's totality as a human being.

NATURE OF PERSONALITY
DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
1. Hereditary
- It determines a person's physical and biological features and characteristics.
2. Environment
- Personality involves a person's relations with his environment.
3. Experience
-It reflects lasting impressions which affect one's thoughts, feelings and decisions in life.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY
1. Psychological and Physiological
-Your personality is constructed psychologically which is influenced by your biological needs
and other processes.
2. Behavior and Actions
-Your personality is reflected in the way you act, talk,
and behave.
3. Various Expressions
-Your feelings thoughts, and other social interactions may visualize what type of person you are
4. Consistency
- When the person is consistent in behavior.
 THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

1.) PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE - This perspective emphasized the importance of

early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind Created by Sigmund Freud who
beloved that things hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in a number of ways,
including through dreams, free association, and is of the tongue
Major Theorists
Sigmund Freud: Stressed the importance of early childhood events, the influence of the
unconscious, and sexual instincts in the development and formation of personality.
Major Theorists
Erik Erikson: Emphasized the social elements of personality development, the entity and how
personality is shaped over the course of the entire lifespan.
Carl Jung: Focused on concept much on the collective unconscious archetypes, and
psychological types.
Major Theorists
Alfred Adler: The creative behind personality involves striving for superiority or the desire to
overcome challenges and move closer toward self-relation. This desire to achieve superiority
stems from underlying feelings of inferiority than Adler believed were universal.
Major Theorists
Karen Horney: focused on the need to overcome bosc code, the sense of being red and clone
in the world She emphasized the societal and cultural factors that also play a role in personality,
including the importance of the parent-child relationship.

2.) HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE - The humanistic perspective of personality focuses on

psychological growth, free will and personal awareness. It takes a more positive outlook
on human nature and is centered on how each person can achieve their individual
potential.
Major Theorists
Carl Rogers: Believed in the inherent goodness of people and emphasized the importance of
free will and psychological growth. He suggested that the actualizing tendency is the driving
force behind human behavior.
Major Theorists
Abraham Maslow: Suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. The most
basic needs are centered on things necessary for such as food and water, but as people move
up the hierarchy these needs become centered on things such as esteem and self-actualization.
 3.) SOCIAL COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE - The social-cognitive perspective of personality
emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational
influences, and cognitive processes.
Major Theorist
Albert Bandura: Emphasized the importance of social learning, or learning through
observation. His theory emphasized the role of conscious thoughts including self-efficacy, or our
own beliefs in our abilities.

4.) TRAIT PERSPECTIVE - The trait perspective of personality is centered on identifying,

describing, and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality. By
understanding these traits, researchers believe they can better comprehend the
differences between individuals.
Major Theorists
Hans Eysenck: Suggested that there are three dimensions of personality.
1) extraversion-introversion,
2) emotional stability-neuroticism, and
3) psychoticism.
Major Theorists
Raymond Cattell: identified 16 personality traits that he believed could be utilized to
understand and measure individual differences in personality. Robert McCrae and Paul Costa
Introduced the big five theories, which identifies five key dimensions of personality: 1)
extraversion, 2) neuroticism, 3) openness to experience, 4) conscientiousness, and 5)
agreeableness.