LESSON 3.

0 – SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY in NATION BUILDING

3.1 The Role of S&T in Nation Building – with the significant variables qualifying
S&T  in nation building

The advent of science and technology example of the implementation of

brought progress not only in our country
but in the entire world. Its development
determines to a large extent the socio-
economic progress of a country. It is a
well-known fact that it is directly
associated with modernity and is an
essential tool for rapid development and
progress of a country:  modem equipment in all sectors, be it in
Science and technology is a field of
endeavor upon which a two-way
interaction operates between the two. 
While science is the intellectual and
practical activity encompassing the
systematic study of the structure and
behavior of the physical and natural
world through observation and
experiment (Oxford Advanced Learners'
Dictionary, 11 Edition), technology is the
application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes (Oxford). It is the use
of resources made available by nature
to procreate and make changes  developed and developing countries.
National development at any phase is
always linked with technology and
technology happens when there is
advancement in science. Modernization
in every aspect of life is the greatest
science and technology in every nation. 
With introduction of modern gadgets in
every walk of life, life has become
simple, and this is possible only
because of implementing science and
technology together. Without having
medicine, infrastructure,
aviation electricity, information
technology or any other field, the
advancement, and benefits that we face
today would not have been possible.
The role that science and technology
has played in improving the life of
people across the globe is vivid and has
made life a lot easier and a lot better
with the advancement in medicine,
remarkable development in education,
communication, agriculture, business,
and industry. 
A nation's development and prosperity is
judged to a large extent by the status of
science and technology of that nation.
Science and technology are key drivers
to development because technological
and scientific revolutions underpin
economic advances, improvement in
health systems, education, and
infrastructure. 
Today, countries are classified as
The major categorization is based on
the economy and the application of
science and technology. Countries
which have a strong base in science
and technology are the ones
that developed faster. A few examples
are countries like Japan, Russia, Brazil,
China, and many more. It is estimated
by the World Bank that seven of the ten
largest economies of the world by 2020
would be in Asia: China, Japan, India,
Thailand, South Korea, and Taiwan. A
few decades ago, these countries were
known to have poor policies, low
discipline, and no advancement. But
with the introduction and proper
Implementation of science and
technology in an effective manner, they
made great advancements across the
globe.  television, laptops, etc. Everything is the
Science and technology hold the key to
the progress and development of any
nation. Technology plays a fundamental
role in wealth creation, improvement in
the quality of life and real economic
growth and transformation in any
society.  technology have helped us save time
A nation who is not able to prosper in
these aspects would never be able to
sustain its life and may have to depend
on other nations. Without proper
implementation of science and
technology, no nation could grow and all
those nations that were labeled as low
in growth have proven where they stand
today and all that happened because of
science and technology.
B. Importance of S&T on Personal
Level  get to stay connected with our friends
Today, we cannot expect our life without
science and technology revolving
around it every single second. Science
and technology are extremely essential
in our everyday life as they have made
things more simple, fast, and secured. 
Almost everything that we see around
us is the gift of science and technology
Be it the smartphones, fan, wheel,
vehicles, cloth, paper, toothbrush,
electricity, microwave, vehicles, radio,
result of science and technology. 
Here are What Science and
Technology do for us: 
1. It helps us save time and money.
Various contributions of science and
and money.  While science has given us
the knowledge why baked or steam-
cooked food is better than the fried or
oily food, technology has gifted us with
microwave and steam-cookers that help
us bake and steam cook our food.
Various objects like computers, modes
of transport, washing machines help us
ave time and energy  
2. Education. Science and technology
have made significant contribution in the
education field as well. Technology has
made education itself easier. It has
provided us options like smart classes,
multimedia devices, e-libraries, e-books,
etc.  
3. Internet. Information technology,
including internet, is an excellent gift of
technology. With the help of internet, we
do not get only immense knowledge on
science and other subjects, but we also
and family.  
4. Provides us devices for
comfortable sleeping, quick cooking,
and fast commute. With the help of
objects like AC microwave and vehicles,
science and technology have made our
sleeping, cooking, and commuting
process easier and faster.   various aspects of life and the following
5. It helps us live better life. While
science has made significant
contributions in health by providing
treatment for various chronic diseases,
technology has benefited us in receiving
those treatments through various ways
and devices like X-ray, scan machines,
operation devices, pacemaker, and
many more. We are also blessed with
numerous exercising equipment,
various health apps, online doctor and
other things that help us maintain good
health and life.  are interrelated.  These parts all
Impact of Technology on Society  like automobiles, buses and trucks
Technology by itself is not harmful to
society, but the way society uses
technology to achieve specific goals is
what results into negative impacts of
technology on the society. Humans
need to use energy to process products
in factories, to run cars, to light homes
and also run technological machines
like computers. But the only way we can
do this without affecting the environment
and society is by shifting from
exhaustible energy sources to
renewable and inexhaustible energy
sources like solar/wind energy
(https:/www.use-of-
technology/com/society-impact-tech-
society/ 
Technology has contributed much to
are some of its examples: 
 Technology has improved
transportation. Transportation is
one of the basic areas of
technological activity. Both society
and businesses have benefited
from the new transportation
methods. Transportation provides
mobility for people and goods.
Transportation, like other
technologies, can be viewed as a
system. It is a series of parts that
work together to meet a certain
goal. Technology has made
possible all types of transportation,
and these Include: (1) road
transport used by automobiles; (2)
air transport which is used by
airplanes: (3) water
transportation which is used by
ships and speedboats; and (4)
space transportation used to go to
the moon. Technologies
have improved the way humans
move and how they transport their
goods from one place to another.  
 Technology has improved
communication. Communication
is used for a number of purposes.
Both society and organizations
depend on communication to
transfer information. People use
technology to communicate with
each other.  Electronic media like
radios, televisions, internet, and
social media have improved the
way we exchange ideas which can
 develop our societies. In many
countries, radios and televisions
are used to voice concerns of
society. They organize live forums
where the community can
contribute through mobile phones
or text service systems like tweeter.
Communication technologies like
televisions, radio and internet are
used to persuade, entertain and
inform the people about the various
program the government. Small
businesses have also used the
internet and mobile communication
technology to grow and improve
their business.  
 The World Wide Web has proved
to be an enormous information
base from which information can
be retrieved by means of search
engines. Information from all
around the world is housed on the
web. With the development of
web technology, the information
can be organized in an organized
manner and relevant information
can be retrieved on supplying
search strings to Web search
engines. Digitization of information
has been a major breakthrough in
the world of information
technology.   technology have for the most part
 Technology has improved
education and the learning
process. Education is the
backbone of every economy.
People need well and organized
educational infrastructures so that
they can learn how to interpret
information. Many schools have
integrated educational technologies
in their schools with the aim of
improving the way students learn.
Technologies like smart
whiteboards, computers, mobile
phones, iPads, projectors, and
internet are being used in
classrooms to boost students’
morale to learn. 
In the past, when there was no
technological advancement,
education was usually difficult to
access and comprehend.  Today,
people can get educated even at
their doorsteps without going to a
building called university or college
to collect their certificates. Distant
learning and on-line study have
made this possible. 
The Role of Science and Technology
in Nation-Building 
It is a well-established fact that science
and technology impact all aspects of our
lives as well as the planet we live on.
The changes induced by science and
benefited mankind although there is
many a case where science and
technology-based innovations have
been used for the detriment of mankind
pursued for either wealth and power or
both. It is the responsibility of all
concerned to ensure that science and
technology is used widely to benefit
mankind (Ratnasiri, 2006). 
Science and technology has been one
of the main driving forces of the
economic growth of nations. Most
developed countries have generated
new technologies with potential to result
in dynamic economic performance. This,
however, has not been the case with
most of the developing countries and
their developmental plans have not
given emphasis and importance to
science and technology and in particular
to research in the science and
technology aspects. Countries like India,
South Korea, and Taiwan in the region
have achieved much through science
and technology and stand out as having
demonstrated the absolute
importance of science and technology
for economic growth. These countries
are example for the developing
countries. The impact of technology on
society without doubt is going to be
even more marked in the future.  nationally and globally important and
It is then of paramount importance to
generate and develop new knowledge in
science and technology for application
nationally through our own research
capability. It is also necessary to
concentrate on the rapid transfer and
exchange of proven technologies from
other nations to reap the benefits of the
global trends to stimulate our economic
growth  nation.
That science and technology plays a
decisive role in the economic growth of
nations is a foregone conclusion. It is
then pertinent to also consider and
rethink about the role of scientists and
technologists in stimulating the
economic well-being of the country. It is
well accepted that scientists and
technologists must necessarily generate
new knowledge by engaging in
meaningful and appropriate research
and developmental activities. A question
needs to be posed to the researchers as
to whether their role should be limited to
only the narrow confines of creation of
new knowledge. If scientists and
technologists are to contribute
significantly to social and economic
changes resulting in the development of
the country, their role should expand
beyond generation of new knowledge
and assume the role of advising the
decision makers and finally making the
decisions on the science and
technology prospects, choices, and
priorities for the country.
How can scientists and technologists
contribute to achieving the multiple role
which is a dire necessity for the
economic development of the country? 
Researchers, as creators of new
knowledge, must focus their work on
competitive areas of research which are
multidisciplinary in nature. This means
that the results of research must be goal
and result-oriented, tangible and
significant. On the other hand, scientists
and technologists should be totally
committed to add and develop
significantly to the knowledge base in
science and technology aspects which
are of economic importance to the
The Role of Science and Technology
in the Developing World in the 21"
Century 
Developments in science and
technology are fundamentally altering
the way people live, connect,
communicate, and transact,
with profound effects on economic
development. According to Lee Roy
Chetty (2012), science and technology
are key drivers to development,
because scientific and technological
revolutions underpin economic
advances, improvements in health
systems, education, and infrastructure.
The technological revolutions of the 21"
century are emerging from entirely new
sectors, based on micro-processors,
telecommunications, biotechnology, and
nanotechnology. Products are
transforming business practices across
the economy, as well as the lives of all
who have access to their effects. The
most remarkable breakthroughs will
come from the interaction of insights
and applications arising when these
technologies converge.  The state of science and technology
Through breakthroughs in health
services and education, these
technologies have the power to improve
the lives of poor people in developing
countries. Eradicating malaria and cures
for other diseases which are endemic in
developing countries are now possible,
allowing people with debilitating
conditions to live healthy and productive
lives. 
The extent to which developing
economies emerge as economic
powerhouses depends on their ability to
grasp and apply insights from science
and technology and use them creatively.
Innovation is the primary driver of
technological growth and drives higher
living standards. 
To promote technological advances,
developing countries should invest in
quality education for youth, continuous
skills training for workers and managers,
and should ensure that knowledge is
shared as widely as possible across
society. 
determines the socio-economic
progress of a country. It is a well-known
fact that national progress is highly
correlated to the capacity of a country to
produce local industrial goods for
domestic needs and
that industrialization is very much
dependent on the application of science
and technology.
 LESSON 3.0 – SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY in NATION BUILDING
According to Point Park University
(2017), a public policy describes the
actions of the government. Usually
created in response to issues brought
before decision makers, these policies
come in the form of laws and
regulations. They may be created by
any governing body, from the country’s
president down to city council members.
On the other hand, Houghton (2020)
3.2a The Philippine Government S&T simply defined public policy as actions
Agenda  taken by government — its decisions
that are intended to solve problems and
The Philippine government science
improve the quality of life for its citizens. 
and technology agenda is a list of
things it wants to do. Thus, it introduced What is a policy making process?  
and implemented several programs,
projects, and policies to boost the area Houghton (2020) elucidated on it by
of science and technology. The main pointing out that a policy established
government agency tasked to do these and carried out by the government goes
is the Department of Science and through several stages from inception to
Technology, better known for its conclusion. These are agenda building,
acronym, DOST.   formulation, adoption, implementation,
evaluation, and termination that fully
The goal of the said agenda is to comprise the policy making process. 
prepare the whole country and its
people to meet the demands of a Policy making process 
technologically driven world and
capacitate the people to live in a world 1. Agenda building. Before a policy
driven by science.  can be created, a problem must exist
that is called to the attention of the
government such as illegal immigration,
a high level of crimes, and terrorism. As
such, new legislation is needed to
address these problems. 

2. Formulation and adoption. Policy

formulation means coming up with an
approach to solving a problem.
Congress, the executive branch, the
courts, and interest groups may be
What is a public policy?  
involved. A bill to solve a problem goes
before the Congress or a regulatory
agency drafts proposed rules. The and technology upon its citizenry, and
process continues with adoption. A prescribes regulation, if necessary
policy is said to be adopted when (Science Tracer Bullets Online, 2020).
Congress passes legislation, the Those involved in a nation’s science and
regulations become final, or the technology policy analyze and often
Supreme Court renders a decision in a provide in depth studies to determine
case.  the plans, programs and policies of the
government and their effects on
3. Implementation. The implementation domestic and international affairs. Since
or carrying out of a policy is most often many political issues have a scientific
accomplished by institutions other than component, most developed countries
those that formulated and adopted it. A have specific agencies, ministries,
statute decreed by Congress usually or offices that deal with science and
provides just a broad outline of a policy. technology policy. 
For example, Congress may mandate
improved water quality standards, but National Goals
the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) provides the details on those
standards and the procedures for SCIENCE &
measuring compliance through International TECHNOLOGY
regulations. Successful implementation Treaty 
depends on the complexity of the policy, • Policies
coordination between those putting the
policy into effect, and compliance.  • Programs
Legal
Frameworks  • Projects
4. Evaluation and termination.
Evaluation means determining how well
a policy is working, and it is not an easy
task. People inside and outside of Development of
government typically use cost-benefit Social Needs, Science &
analysis to try to find the answer. History
Issues, Technology Policies
& Problems in the Philippines 
has shown that once implemented,
policies are difficult to terminate. When
As shown in the
they are terminated, it is usually
diagram, the development of policies in
because the policy became
science and technology is shaped or
obsolete, clearly did not work, or lost its
influenced by several variables.  These
support among the interest groups and
include policies that need to be aligned
elected officials that placed it on the
to national goals; policies in
agenda in the first place. 
consideration of the country’s
Specifically, what is S&T policy?  international commitments and those
based on legal frameworks; and the
Science and technology policy is one of government response to various social
the public policies that promotes needs, issues, and problems. Science
appropriate funding to advance scientific and technology policies ensure that the
and technological research and whole country and all of its people will
education, studies the impact of science experience the progress that science
can bring. Policies are guides to direct
all efforts to a goal of developing a
scientifically advanced country.  and executives of offices and institutions
The Department of Science and
Technology, founded by Pres. Corazon
Aquino on January 30, 1987, is the
executive department of the Philippine
government responsible for the
coordination of science and technology-
related projects in the Philippines and to
formulate policies and projects in the
fields of science and technology in
support of national development.   Science and Technology, a government
Thus, the DOST is considered the
premiere science and technology body
in the Philippines charged with the twin
mandate of providing central direction,
leadership and coordination of all
scientific and technological activities,
and of formulating policies, programs
and projects to support national
development.  basic education without adding to
On December 6, 2010, the NRCP, as
tasked by DOST, spearhead a series of
consultations with scientists,
researchers, engineers, policymakers,
across the entire Philippines that would
consolidate policy recommendations
and initiatives in pursuit of the ASEAN
2015 goals (NCRP & DOST, 2011).
The National Research Council of the
Philippines (NRCP) is a collegial body of
researchers formed in 1933 and
mandated to promote basic research for
the continuing improvement of the
research capability of local scientists,
foster linkages with other scientific
organizations for enhanced cooperation
in the development and sharing of
scientific information, provide advice on
issues of national interest, and promote
scientific culture to all sectors of
Philippine society. 
As mandated by the Department of
agency in which NRCP is under it, the
NRCP recommended clustering these
policies into four, namely: 
1. Social Sciences, Humanities,
Education, International Policies and
Governance … in pursuit of …
1.1 integrating ASEAN awareness in
curriculum,  
1.2 emphasizing teaching in the mother
tongue,  
1.3 developing school infrastructure
and providing for ICT broadband,  
1.4 local food security,  
1.5 harnessing indigenous knowledge
systems and practices;  
2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial
Research, Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematics … with
goals of …
 4.4 formulation of common food safety
2.1 emphasizing degrees, licenses, and standards 
employment opportunities,  
2.2 outright grants for peer
monitoring,  
2.3 review of RA 9184, and  
2.4 harnessing science and technology
as independent mover of
development;  

3. Medical, Chemical, and

Pharmaceutical Sciences … that
intends to attain the following
objectives … 
Government Science &Technology
3.1 ensuring compliance of drug Programmes and Projects 
manufacturing firms with ASEAN
harmonized standards by full But let us first answer the question …
implementation of the Food and How does project differ from a
Drugs Administration,   programme? 
3.2 creating an educational council
dedicated to standardization of A project, according to Ward (2009), is
pharmaceutical services and defined as a temporary undertaking to
cares,  create a unique product or service. A
3.3 empowering food and drugs project has a defined start and endpoint
agencies to conduct evidence and specific objectives that, when
based research as pool of attained, signify completion. A
information,  programme, on the other hand,
3.4 allocating two percent of GDP to is defined as a group of related projects
research, and   managed in a coordinated way to obtain
3.5 legislating a law supporting human broader benefits not available from
genome project;   managing the projects individually.
There are many differences between a
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and project and a programme including
Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine … scope, benefits realization, time, and
focusing on …  other variables. One notable difference
is time; for example, a project by
4.1 protecting and conserving definition has a beginning and an end;
biodiversity by full implementation however, certain programmes, while
of existing laws,   having a beginning may not have an
4.2 use of biosafety and standard end. A classic example of one of these
model by all ASEAN countries,   types of programmes is an annual
4.3 promoting indigenous knowledge construction programme of the
systems and indigenous people’s government. 
conservation, and  
There are existing programmes
supported by the Philippine government
through DOST. Some of these are the engineering manpower resources
following: needed by the country. They also
aimed to produce more researches
1. Providing funds for basic research in these fields. 
and patents related to science and
technology. The government funds
basic and applied researches. In a broader sense, it is not only the
Funding of these research and DOST who is the sole agency that
projects are also from the Overseas promotes and supports Science and
Development Aid (ODA) from Technology in the country, but rather,
different countries.  there are numerous public and private
organizations that also provides their
2. Providing scholarships for expertise and assistance. One of which
undergraduate and graduate studies is PAASE. 
of students in the field of science and
technology. The country needs to The Philippine-American Academy of
produce more doctoral graduates in Science and Engineering (PAASE)
the field of science and technology, identified several capacity-building
and produce more research in these programmes that may help further
fields, including engineering,   develop Science and Technology. And
these are as follows: 
3. Establishing more branches of the
1. Establishment of national centers of
Philippine Science High School
excellence 
System for training young Filipinos in
the field of science and technology 
2. Manpower and institutional
development programs, such as the
4. Creating science and technology
Engineering and Science Education
parks to encourage academe and
Program (ESEP) to produce more
industry partnerships
PhD graduates in science and
technology 
5. Balik Scientist Program to encourage
Filipino scientists abroad to come
3. Establishment of regional centers to
home and work in the Philippines or
support specific industries that will
conduct research and projects in
lead the country in different research
collaboration with Philippine-based
and development areas
scientists 
4. Establishment of science and
6. Developing science and technology technology business centers to
parks in academic campuses to assist, advise, and incubate
encourage and industry partnerships technopreneurship ventures
7. The establishment of the National
Science Complex and National
5. Strengthen science education at an
Engineering Complex within the
early stage through the Philippine
University of the Philippines campus
Science high School system 
in Diliman. These aimed to develop
more science and technology and
In the field of education, several
science-related programs and projects
were created to develop the scientific
literacy of the country.  Special science
classes were organized and special
science elementary schools were
established indifferent regions. Aside
from these, science and mathematics in
basic education were continuously
improved.  
The current K12 education program
included Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
as one of its major tracks in the senior
high school program to encourage more
students to enroll in science-related
fields in college. 
Lately, the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) launched its
Philippine-California Advanced
Research Institutes (PCARI) Project to
allow several higher education
institutions in the Philippines and some
US-based laboratories, research
institutes, and universities to work on
research and projects related to
science, agriculture, engineering, health,
and technology. This project is hoped to
strengthen the STEM competitiveness
of the country. 
4. Climate change and global
warming 
5. Increasing food production 
6. Preservation of natural resources 
7. Coping with natural disasters and
calamities 
8. Infrastructure development 
The Philippine Congress has also
created various laws related to science
and technology. These laws serve as a
legal framework for science and
technology in the country to grow and
benefits its citizens. These laws vary
according to different themes such as: 
conservation, health-related,
technology-building, and supporting
basic research, among others. Some
laws and policies are in line with
international treaties such as the United
Nations (UN), United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and
other international agencies.

There are many other areas and fields

that are worth taking consideration to by
our government in embarking on various
research and projects. The following are
some of them: 

1. Use of alternative and safe energy 

2. Harnessing mineral resources 

3. Finding cure for various diseases

and illness 
 LESSON 3.0 – SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY in NATION BUILDING
3.2b The Philippine Government S&T
Agenda … the Continuation  Succeeding presidents have had their
Introduction  improving the sector. President Fidel V.
The role that science and technology
has played in improving the life and
conditions of people in the world is vivid.
Because the Philippines is a developing
country, the status of science and
technology in our country is still below
par when compared with countries like
Japan and USA. There is a great need
therefore to enact more laws and
strengthen existing ones to improve
science and technology including
research and development in the
country. 
Science and Technology
Environment from 1986 to 2016 
President Corazon Cojuangco Aquino
highlighted the importance of science
and technology in achieving economic
progress. She helped establish the
Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) which formulated the Science
and Technology Master Plan 1991-
2000. At that time, the Philippines aimed
to be a Newly Industrialized Country
(NIC) 
fair share of policies geared towards
Ramos introduced laws on inventors'
incentives and science and technology
scholarships. 
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
adopted policies focusing on a national
innovation system and promoted
technological entrepreneurship under
the Medium-Term Development Plan
2004-2010. The most recent National
Science and Technology Plan 2002-
2020 is largely focused on building
technological self-reliance.  
Meanwhile, the Harmonized Agenda for
science and technology presented to
President Benigno Aquino in 2014
highlighted two critical issues inclusive
growth and disaster risk reduction.
Critical technologies to address these
issues have been developed and this
include LIDAR processing, remote
sensing, and microsatellites (DIWATA-
1). 
 This Act was approved June 15, 1968 to
encourage, promote, and assist the
development and use of atomic energy
for peaceful purposes as a means to
improve the health and prosperity of the
inhabitants of the Philippines and to
contribute and accelerate scientific,
technological, agricultural, commercial,
and industrial progress. 
Government Policies and Laws  Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972
Pertaining to Science and established the Philippine
Technology  Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services (PAGASA).
To improve and strengthen science and Its function was to provide
technology including research environmental protection and to
development, it is necessary that utilize scientific knowledge to ensure
government enact laws.  Several laws the safety of the people  
have been enacted by Congress since  Presidential Decree No. 334, s. 1973
1958 to present. They are as follows: created the Philippine National Oil
Company to promote industrial and
 RA 2067 - Science Act of 1958 - An
economic development through
Act to Integrate, Coordinate and
effective and efficient use of energy
Intensify Scientific and Technological
resources  
Research and Development and To
 R.A. 8749 - The Philippine Clean Air
Foster Invention To Provide Funds
Act of 1999 was enacted by
Therefore and for Other Purposes 
Congress on June 23, 1999 to
 RA. 3589 - An Act Amending RA
protect and preserve the
2067 Modifying the National Science
environment and ensure the
Development Board, National
sustainable development of its
Institute of Science and Technology,
natural resources 
and the Philippine Atomic Energy
 RA 8792 - An Act Providing for the
Commission. Extending Tax
Recognition and Use of Electronic
Exemption, Privileges and
Commercial and Non-Commercial
Grants, Requests and Donations for
Transactions and Documents,
Scientific Purposes to Private
Penalties for Unlawful Use Thereof
Educational Institutions and For
and For Other Purposes passed in
Other Purposes enacted June 22,
June 15, 2000. 
1963  
 R.A. 5207 - An Act Providing for the This Act aims to facilitate domestic and
Licensing and Regulation of Atomic international dealings, transactions,
Energy Facilities and Materials. assignment agreements, contracts
Establishing the Rules of Liability for and exchanges and storage of
Nuclear Damage and for Other information through the utilization of
Purposes  electronic, optical and similar medium
mode, instrumentality and technology to
recognize the width and reliability of
electronic documents related to such Technology education by fast-tracking
activities and to promote the universal graduates in the science, mathematics,
use of electronic transactions in the and engineering who shall teach in
government and the general public.  secondary schools throughout the
country. Towards this end, scholarships
 RA 9367 - Biofuels Act of 2006 - An shall be provided to finance the
Act to Direct the Use of Biofuels, education of talented and deserving
Establishing for this Purpose the students in the third year of college and
Biofuel Program.  Appropriating pursuing a degree or training in
Funds Therefore, And for Other the areas of science and technology
Purposes.   and to provide incentives for them to
pursue a career in teaching in high
This Act was enacted by Congress on schools in their home regions. 
June 12, 2007, to develop and utilize
indigenous and sustainable sources,  RA 10844 - An Act Creating the
clean energy sources to reduce Department of Information and
dependence on imported oil.  Communication Technology (DICT)
which was signed into law on May
 RA 9513 - The Renewable Energy 23, 2016. 
Act of 2008 was passed by Congress
to accelerate the development of the In accordance with the law, the
country's renewable energy Department of Information and
resources by providing fiscal and Communications Technology (DICT)
non-fiscal incentives to private shall be the primary policy planning,
investors and coordination, implementing, and
equipment manufacturers/fabricators administrative entity of the Executive
/suppliers,  branch of the government that will plan,
 R.A. 10175 - Philippine Cybercrime develop, and promote the national ICT
Prevention Act of 2012 passed development agenda.
September 12, 2012. An Act Defining
Cybercrime, Providing for the
Prevention, Investigation,
Suppression, and the Imposition of
Penalties. Therefore, and For Other
Purposes  
 R.A. 10612 - An Act Expanding the
Coverage of the Science and
Technology Scholarship Program
and Strengthening the Teaching of
Science and Mathematics in
Secondary Schools and For Other Major Science and Technology
Purposes.  Development Plans 

This Act shall be known as the Fast-  Science and Technology Master
Tracked Science and Technology Plan (STMP). This plan was
Scholarship Act of 2018. It shall submitted to the President in March
strengthen the country's Science and 1989 by the presidential task force
 composed of the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST),
Department of Agriculture (DA),
Department of Trade Industry (DTI),
Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC), as well as
the presidential adviser on public
resources and three academic
institutions directly involved in S & T.
The development of fifteen (15)
leading edges to steer the country
toward industrial development were:
(1) aquaculture and (2)
marine fisheries, (3) forestry and (4)
natural resources, (5) process
industry, (6) food and (7) feed
industry, (8) energy, (9)
transportation, (10) construction
industry, (11) information technology,
(12) electronics, (13) instrumentation
and control, (14) emerging
technologies (15) pharmaceuticals.   
To attain the objectives set in the
STMP the following strategies were
pursued: modernize the production
sectors through massive technology
transfer from domestic and foreign
sources: upgrade the R&D capability
through intensified activities in high
priority sector and S&T infrastructure
development such as manpower
development, and develop
information networks, institutional
building and S&T culture
development.  competitiveness and to the solution
 Science and Technology Agenda
for National Development (STAND
Philippines 2000). This plan was
initiated during the term of President
Ramos and it embodied the country's
technology development plan in the
medium term, in particular, for the
period 1993-1998. The STAND
identified seven export winners, 11
domestic needs, three other
supporting industries, and coconut
industry as priority investment area.
The seven identified export winners
were computer software; fashion
accessories; gifts, toys, and
houseware; marine products; metal
fabrications; furniture; and dried
fruits. The domestic needs included
food, housing, health, clothing,
transportation, communication,
disaster mitigation, defense,
environment, manpower
development, and energy. Because
of their linkages with the above
sectors, three additional support
industries were included in the list of
priority sectors, namely: packaging,
chemicals, and metals.  Lastly,
because of its strategic importance,
the coconut industry was included in
the list. 
National Science and Technology
Plan (NSTP 2002-2020). The
Department of Science and
Technology (DOST), with the
mandate of formulating S&T policies,
programs, and projects in support of
national development priorities
has remained driven by these
guiding visions stated in the NSTP
mainly:  
By 2004, S&T shall have contributed
significantly to the enhancement of
national productivity and
of pressing problems. 
By 2010, the Philippines shall have
earned niches and become a world
class knowledge provider and user
in selected science and technology
areas, and shall have developed a
vibrant S&T culture.  
By 2020, the Philippines shall have
developed a wide range of globally
 competitive products and services Week 2017, he stated that the budget of
which have a high technological DOST has quadrupled the last seven
content.  years from P50 billion in 2010 to P208
billion in 2017. The budget for research
The 12 priority areas for S&T and development grew by nearly 6X
development are:  over the same period of time from P1
billion in 2009 to P5 8 billion in 2017.
a) Agriculture, forestry & natural This was disclosed in his speech during
resources,   the celebration of the National Science
b) Health and medical services:  and Technology Week at the World
c) Biotechnology  Trade Center in Pasay City on July 11,
d) Information and Communication 2017. 
Technology 
e) Microelectronics:  In the 10-point economic agenda, the
f) Materials, science, and promotion of science, technology and
engineering:  creative arts was included to enhance
g) Earth and marine services:   innovation and creative capacity
h) Fisheries and aquaculture:  towards self-sustaining inclusive
i) Environment:  development. S&T must create an
j) Natural disaster mitigation:  avenue for development in various
k) Energy, and  sectors, such as in the economy. 
l) Manufacturing and service
engineering, DOST Secretary Fortunato de la Pena
identified the focus of the Department as
technology transfer and
commercialization thus ten percent of its
overall budget was allocated for
technology transfer. This resulted to
generation of 1000 new intellectual
properties that can be adopted in just
one year. 

Major accomplishments of the Duterte

administration are: 
Status of Science and Technology
and Plans for Development under  Entry into the frontiers of space
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte  through its support to the Philippine
Space Technology Program.
The Duterte administration reassured its
DIWATA-1 satellites which was
commitment to science, technology, and
launched in 2016 was made by
innovation sector. This was established
Filipino scientists who were trained
in the increase in the budget of the
in Japan. The DIWATA-2 which will
Department of Science and Technology
be launched in 2018 has improved
(DOST). In a speech of President
the capabilities to better monitor the
Duterte delivered by Budget Secretary
country. This was made by another
Benjamin E. Diokno during the opening
batch of Filipino scientists. This
of the National Science and Technology
space technologies can also be
 utilized in other sectors, such as in
agriculture and disaster
preparedness 
 A Memorandum of Agreement
between Russia and the Philippines
regarding the space program will
soon materialize. 
 Republic Act 11035 "An Act
Institutionalizing the Balik Scientist
Program was signed into law by the
President on June15, 2018. This
law would give more incentives to
returning Filipino experts, scientists,
inventors, and engineers
who would share their expertise in
the country 
 On telecommunication, Department
of Information and Communication
Technology, National
Telecommunication Commission
and telecommunication companies
have agreed to standardize voice
call charges to P2.50. 
 On weather, 271 new weather
stations were installed by the
Department of Science and
Technology throughout the country.
The Zamboanga Doppler Weather
Radar System was also installed