Doors, Windows & Stairs

Door
A door is a movable barrier element used to seal an opening in
the external envelop or internally between rooms. The primary
function of door is to allow the passage of people, vehicle and
goods from one area to an other.

Door Frame
Door frame is provided to give suitable finish to the opening in
a wall and also to provide a suitable joint between the door
and surrounding. It is associated with the fixing from which the
door can be hung. Steel frames are the most common type
door frames and are available in 14, 16, and 18 gage. Frames
are made in various widths to suit the thicknesses of the walls
to which they are mounted (4 3/4", 8 3/4",..).
 Performance Requirement of Doors

• Security
•Durability
•Fire resistance
•Whether exclusion
•Privacy
•Operation
•Thermal & Sound Insulation
 Door Sizes

Door Width Door Height Door Thickness

Interior Doors 2’-9” to 3’-6” 6’-6” to 7’-0” 11/8” to 14/8”

Exterior Doors 3’-0” to 4’-0” 7’-0” to 7’-6” 11/8” to 14/8”

 Door Material

• Timber or Wood
•Metal
•Glass
•Plastic
•Aluminum
•Fiber
Door Components
Door Operations

7
Door Styles

Flush door Paneled door Louvered door

Dutch door Glazed door

1- Hinged Doors

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2- Folding Doors
3- Sliding Doors

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4- Revolving Doors

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Building Codes
 Area of opening required in a room for light is 20% of the floor area.
 Area of opening required in a room for ventilation is 10% of the floor
area.
 In both cases area of opening should not be less than 10 Sq.ft
 Windows
Why do we have windows?
 Light
 Ventilation
 Vision
 Beauty
 Energy (heat and cold, in and out)
Windows
A Window is an opening in the wall of a building to provide
Natural light, Ventilation and Vision. Size of window opening is
depends on the amount of light and ventilation required in the
room. They are made of glass, wood, metal etc. A good window
should be;
•Durable
•Weather exclusive
•Attractive in appearance
• Reasonable in cost
•Readily installed
•Cleanliness and maintenance
Parts of Windows

16
Types of Glass
 Plate glass- regular, gray, low E-glass, and tempered.
 Wire glass- where fire-retardant and safety
characteristics are required.
 Patterned glass- used for decoration or providing a
degree of privacy.
 Insulating glass: two sheets of glass to increase sound
and heat insulation.

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Types of Windows

Sliding Casement
Double-hung window window
window
Special type of Windows

French window Bow window Bay window

Fanlight and Jalousie window

Palladian window sidelight window
Window Operation

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1- Casement Windows
2- Sliding Windows
3- Pivoted Windows
24
Stairs & Staircase
Stairs is a series of steps properly arranged to connect different
floors of a building and the hall of a building where stairs are
situated is called staircase.

Function of Stairs
• To allow easy pedestrian movement from one level to another.
• It should be strong enough to carry the weight of people furniture
or equipment.
• It must be with stand the effects of fire for a sufficient length of
time.
 Materials Used in Stairs

Timber Stairs Metal Stairs Concrete Stairs

Stone Stairs Glass Stairs Combination of Materials

Flight and Landing

2 Flights
1 Flight

Flights & Landing

Parts of Stairs
Parts of Stairs
Parts of Stairs

Winders: This is the step/s of non

uniform in width and usually triangular
in plan provided at start, end or turning
positions of stairs to change the
direction
 Planning of Stairs
Location: Stairs should be located in a place from where users may find access to all
rooms without interfering the privacy of occupants, usually centrally located in
residential houses.
Total Rise & going: It depends on the
number of steps in a flight, usually 3 to
12 steps are provided in a flight.
Tread & Riser: It should be uniform
throughout the stairs and proportion of
these two should be carefully designed
to provide comfort and ease to the users.
Width of Stairs: It should not be less
than 1m in residential and 1.5m in
commercial buildings.
Hand Rail: Most comfortable height of hand
rail is 0.75m to 0.9m from he top of tread.
Pitch of Stair: it should be 250 to 450 from
the horizontal.
Head Room: It should not be less than 2m.
 Stairs Operation
1-Straight Flight Stairs
 Stairs Operation
2-Quarter Turn Stairs
 Stairs Operation
3- Dog Legged Stairs
 Stairs Operation
4- Open Well Stairs
 Stairs Operation
5- Bifurcating Stairs
 Stairs Operation
6- Geometric & Spiral Stairs
Types of Stairs
Boxed Stairs: Stair in which has a side wall or
partition on both sides and usually closed by a
door at one end.

One Side Open Stairs: Stair in which one side

is enclosed by a wall and the other is open.

Open Stairs: Stair which is not enclosed by a

wall or separated from the space where it
Placed.
Types of Stairs
Closed String Stairs: Stair in which treads are
not visible from the side view of stair flight.

Open String Stairs: Stair with a cut string to

the shape of the risers and treads, on one or
both sides and facing the stair well.

Open Riser Stairs: Stair consist of string and

tread with no riser board between treads, thus
leaving the risers open.
Thank You